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Representation of Culture and National Identity in Pakistani ESL Textbooks
Full text linkThe present study examined the spectrum of cultures, specifically the representation of source culture in relation to Pakistan’s national identity construction in English textbooks. Six locally developed textbooks in Pakistan were analysed qualitatively. Moreover, Cortazzi’s & Jin’s categorisation of culture plus Kachru’s (1992) Concentric circles and Shahsani’s taxonomy of culture categorisation were employed as an analytical framework to look at the contents of the textbooks. The contents of each unit/lesson were thoroughly examined to expose the representation of cultures that help form the students' national identity. Resultantly, the study's findings divulge the disproportionate representation of source, target, and international cultures; however, the representation of source culture outweighs the other two cultures. It further reveals the incorporation of source cultural values, norms, and roles that disseminate information about Pakistan, its history, geography, national heroes, Islam; Islamic teaching, beliefs, traditions, manners, ethics, morality, gender’s roles, and national cultural heritage that contribute to the construction of Islamic based national identity of Pakistan. To sum up, the writers of the textbooks construct students’ national identity by representing source culture materials in the English textbooks that also pave the way to the formation of Pakistani English
Differences in Information Systems Development and Evolution Practice between the Local and Governmental Public Sector
Full text linkWe have in earlier work reported differences between how public and private Norwegian organizations are able to use time on value adding activities in their work on IT. Using responses to the ‘IT i Praksis’ – surveys done by Rambøll in 2021, we in this paper look upon differ-ences between local (municipalities) and governmental agencies. ‘IT i praksis’ is distributed to Norwegian public organizations, and the overall response rate is around 45-50%, although not all respondents answer all questions. The data presented in this paper is based on re-sponses from 255 public organizations, with 176 municipalities, and 79 public organizations on national or regional level that have re-sponded. Overall, the investigation confirms the results from earlier investigations when it comes to maturity of practice in public sector and how this might influence their ability to have time available for value added IT-activities. In this investigation we also find differ-ences within public sector, with municipalities scoring worse on sev-eral parameters for successful management and evolution of IT
Evaluation of an Interactive Technology for Reflective Practice: A Case Study of Learning about Cybersecurity
No full textOrganizational learning often requires more advanced types of learning than just remembering or understanding. Reflective learning, in which different possibilities to apply knowledge in different situations, is often more appropriate in organizational learning settings. In this study we have evaluated the use of a mobile learning application to support reflective learning practice using situational trilemma learning. The application was used in an asynchronous mode, giving users the opportunity to participate when and where it suited them best. We focused on two research questions:
1. Do the users consider the system to be user friendly? 2. Do the users consider the system to be useful?
We studied a learning situation in which personnel in a financial organization learned about cybersecurity. We conducted interviews with two facilitators, that were responsible for the execution of the learning process. In addition, we sent out a survey to the participants in the learning process. In both the interviews and the survey questions relating to user friendliness and usefulness of the technology were addressed.
The application was considered user friendly, although there was room for improvement. With respect to usefulness, three important conclusions can be drawn:
1. The concept of situational trilemma learning takes time to understand properly but is perceived as very useful for reflective learning. 2. Using situational trilemma learning makes the learning more relevant. 3. Using the application in an asynchronous mode enables more users to participate, but it requires follow-up by physical meetings to enable the dialogue required for reflective learning
Fibonacci and digit–by–digit computation; An example of reverse engineering in computational mathematics
Full text linkThe Fibonacci numbers are familiar to all of us. They appear unexpectedly often in mathematics, so much there is an entire journal and a sequence of conferences dedicated to their study. However, there is also another sequence of numbers associated with Fibonacci. In The On- Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, a sequence of numbers which is an approximation to the real root of the cubic polynomial. Fibonacci gave the first few numbers in the sequence in the manuscript Flos from around 1215. Fibonacci stated an error in the last number and based on this error we try, in this paper to reconstruct the method used by Fibonacci. Fibonacci gave no indication on how he determined the numbers and the problem of identifying possible methods was raised already the year after the first transcribed version of the manuscript was published in 1854. There are three possible methods available to Fibonacci to solve the cubic equation; two of the methods have been shown to give Fibonacci’s result. In this paper we show that also the third method gives the same result and we argue that this is the most likely method
Norsk Informatikkonferanse (NIK) 2022 Preface
No full textNIK (Norsk Informatikkonferanse) is a national conference that aims to spread the knowledge of research and advanced development work in the field of infor- matics. The conference encourages the submission of papers from various genres and topics within theoretical and applied informatics. NIK welcomes diversity and cross-disciplinary approaches in methodological techniques and application areas
Distributed Trust Empowerment for Secure Offline Communications
Full text linkMost of today’s digital communications over the Internet rely on central entities, such as certificate authority servers, to provide secure and authenticated communication. In situations when the Internet is unavailable due to lack of reception in remote areas, natural disasters destroying network infrastructure, or congestion due to large amounts of traffic, these central entities may not be available. This causes secure communication, even among users in the vicinity of each other, to become a challenge. This paper contributes with a solution that enables peers within the vicinity to communicate securely without a connection to the Internet backbone. The solution operates on the Wi-Fi infrastructure mode and exploits a private distributed ledger to ensure a trusted authorization among users without a third party. Moreover, the solution enables users to set up secure communication channels using mutual authentication for exchanging data securely. Finally, the solution is validated through a proof of concept application and an extensive experimental study aiming at optimizing system parameters and investigating the performance of the application is conducted. The results from these measurements indicate that the solution performs well on small to medium-scale networks
Implementering av digitale enheter – En casestudie av digitalisering i norske skoler
Full text linkStørre satsing på digitale enheter i skoleverket, har gjort implementering av 1:1-dekning utbredt i Norge. Fagfornyelsen [LK20] legger grunnlaget for det som kan bli en stor endring i undervisningens praksis. Konsepter som “å lære å lære” skal gjøre elever mer reflektert rundt egen læring. Studien viser at forankring og støtte hos nøkkelinteressenter, skifte i pedagogisk paradigme og god ledelse spil-ler svært sentrale roller i implementeringen. Eierskapet kommunen tar til prosjek-tet har stor påvirkning på visjonen og ambisjonsnivået
Exploring 360°-videos as Realistic Game-based Learning Environments for Work Placement Preparation
Full text linkSerious games in immersive virtual reality (VR) environ- ments promise enhanced experiences and engagement, supporting train- ing and learning. While realistically replicating the visuals of real envi- ronments can be both difficult and time-consuming, there are many po- tential advantages from doing so. In real work placements, students enter facilities with variations in types of equipment, rules for navigation, and workflows, adding cognitive load to a usually stressful situation. Allow- ing them to train and learn in more realistic environments corresponding to their future work placements, with high-fidelity representations, can be time-saving, support core task focus, and help students become more isolated from distractions. This paper presents the VR game 360Phle- botomy, which combines virtual tasks with 360° images and -videos of real laboratories in immersive VR. The game is aimed at helping students become familiar with real workplaces while also learning their work tasks. Current scenarios are tailored to biomedical laboratory science (BLS) ed- ucation, with a focus on the phlebotomy process, which also serves as the main case in this paper. New environments can be added through a modular scene creation system, with the goal of allowing students to pre- pare for different work placements. Insights are provided by presenting the design and development process for a prototype tested by five BLS teachers and six BLS students. The results contribute to an increased understanding of the role of context in training and learning and provide a foundation for future work
Smart Grid challenges - Device Trustworthiness
Full text linkThe Power Grid development brings about technological design changes, resulting in increased connectivity and dependency on IoT devices. The changes offer opportunities to manipulate the IoT hardware as the root of trust. Although terrifying, hardware attacks are considered resource-demanding and rare. Nonetheless, Power Grids are attractive targets for resourceful attackers. As such, the Ukraine attacks boosted Power Grid cybersecurity focus. However, physical assurance and hardware device trustworthiness received less attention. Overhead Line Sensors are utilized in Dynamic Line Rating doctrines for Power Grids. They are potentially essential in the future to optimize conductor ampacity. Conductor optimization is crucial for Power Grids because future throughput volatility demands a high level of grid flexibility. However, there may be challenges to the integrity and availability of the data collected using Overhead Line sensors. We believe that in securing the future Smart Grid, stakeholders need to raise attention to device trustworthiness entailing the hardware layer. That said, integrated into cloud-enhanced digital ecosystems, Overhead Line Sensors can also be manipulated through the network, software, and supply chain to impact their trustworthiness
