e-Journal Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan / National Institute of Health Research and Development
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Analysis of First Level Health Care Facility (FKTP) Readiness as ‘Gatekeeper’ on The JKN Implementation in East Kalimantan and Central Java Year 2014
No full textBackground: FKTP as a gatekeeperhas four function such us: the fi rst contact, sustainability, comprehensive healthcare and coordination. Readiness from input aspects on health care involves health care facilities, fi nance, humanresources, medicines and medical devices. This research is to identify the FKTP readiness as a gatekeeper in the inthe implementationof JKN in East Kalimantan and Central Java. Methods: Data collection wasby conducting interviews,observation and documents’ review. The data analysis techniques were descriptive statistics for quantitative and Miles,Huberman and Spradley concept qualitative. There were 6 health centers, 2 primary clinics, 6 doctors and 3 private dentistryclinics for each province. Results: The numbers of FKTP availability were 23.7 health centers and 3.2 primary clinics perdistrict/city. The average was 51.7 FKTP per district/city. Not all of primary clinics facilited by inpatient care. There were44% primary clinics facilitated by laboratory and 56% in collaboration with privatelaboratory. The highest ratio of numberof members by the population was Surakarta i. e. 1 member by 1.98 population. While, the lowest was East Kutai with 1member by 4.65 population. All health centres had been implementing gatekeeper functions. Most of primary clinics had beendone the functions while less of them had not already implemented excellent service yet. Phycisians had implemented theirfunctions as the fi rst contact and coordination very well. Moreover, dentist did the same as the fi rst contact. Conclusion:Availability of health centers as FKTP was adequate. Health centers were also ready to function as a gatekeeper for JKNimplementation. Primary clinics were ready for the fi rst contact and coordination; and dentist as the fi rst contact were allready. Recomendation: The numbers of health facilities need to be build and improved according to district/city’s capability.Moreover, health workers’ distribution should be focussed to primary health care
Health Seeking Behaviour of Non Communicable Disease in Sulaho Village, Lasusua Sub District, North Kolaka Regency
No full textBackground: Non communicable diseases is a chronic disease that is not spread from person to person. Public knowledge about type of non communicable disease is quite good, but generally they don’t understand about effect of non communicable disease risk factors, impacts and consider non communicable disease due to genetic factors, disease ofolder or rich people. This research to describe the fi ndings of non communicable diseases and health seeking behavior for these types of disease. Method: This study is a qualitative study used ethnographic methods. The research location at Sulaho village, Lasusua sub district, North Kolaka regency. Informants selected with snowball sampling methods. Participant observation and indepth interviews supported with documentation as data collection methods. Analysis of qualitative data with domain analysis, taxonomic analysis, komponensial analysis and analysis of the cultural theme supported with triangulation of sources and data collection methods. Results: Non communicable disease founded at Sulaho were cases of hypertension, stroke, diseases caused by workplace accidents and iodine defi ciency disorders (IDD). Informan knows name of diseases, but they did not know good knowledge of caused, impact and prevention of it. Traditional healer (sanro) is still the main reference before went to the health worker when someone sick, this indicates that people still have the will to take advantage of health care of health seeking behaviour. Conclusion: Traditional healer (sanro) generally become the main reference for health seeking behaviour of non communicable diseases before someone went to the health workers.Recommendation: Health workers has to be practice to approach the community through community leaders or kinship based
Mental Health Services Disability and Life Style of Indonesian
No full textBackground: Health is a state of body, soul, and socially to enable more people to live socially and economicallyproductive. In 2007 and 2013 Research and Development of the Ministry of Health conducted research which includesbasic health morbidity, disability, mental health and lifestyle. This study aims to get an overview of community disability thataffects their ability to perform economic and social measures. We hope this research may result in a recommendation fordecision makers about mental kesehatan services. Methods: This study is a further analysis of secondary data from theRiskesdas 2007 and 2013. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical / comparative. The population in this analysisare all household members in Indonesia, with large and sampling techniques follow Riskesdas samples which householdmembers aged > 15 years. Results: There is a percentage increase (5.8%) of respondents mental health status categoryof ’Healthy’ (no emotional mental disorder) and the percentage decrease in all categories of mental disorders around 50.0percent in 2013. The highest severe emotional Mental Disorders in 2007 and 2013 were in women, who have divorcedmarital status dead / alive, residing in rural areas, or the end of the adult age group (> 60 years). Data processing resultsalso show that: 1) the higher the degree of disability and, 2) the more unfavorable lifestyle, the more severe mental disorders experienced emotional. This is supported by the results of tests Kendalls tau-b that there is a signifi cant association betweendisability and mental disorder (α = 0.000 < 0.5) and lifestyle with mental disorders (α = 0.000 < 0.5).Conclusion: Publicmental health status in the year 2013 has been better than in 2007. There has been an increase in mental health status,and there is a relationship between disability, lifestyle, mental health status. Recommendation: Promotion of mentaldisorders and persons with disabilities should be further improved and include the wider community, not only in cities butto remote perdesaan. Perlu provision of primary health care (health centers ODGJ care and disabilities and actively invitesthe public to maintain a healthy lifestyle through preventive-promotive activities
STATUS VITAMIN A ANAK 12-59 BULAN DAN CAKUPAN KAPSUL VITAMIN A DI INDONESIA
No full textMasalah kurang vitamin A (KVA) masih merupakan masalah gizi di Indonesia. Program untuk mengatasi KVA dilakukan dengan program suplementasi kapsul vitamin A untuk anak 6-59 bulan dua kali setahun (Februari dan Agustus). Tetapi cakupan program tersebut belum optimal dan bervariasi antar daerah dan sebagian balita masih terkena KVA. Studi ini bagian dari SEANUTS yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui cakupan kapsul vitamin A, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status serum retinol anak Indonesia umur 12-59 bulan. Studi dilakukan di 48 kabupaten yang mencakup 3595 balita. Cakupan kapsul dan faktor-faktor dikumpulkan oleh enumerator dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Serum retinol dianalisis dengan metode HPLC dari 504 sub-sampel balita. Cakupan kapsul vitamin A sebesar 83,0 persen. Faktor yang berperan balita tidak menerima kapsul vitamin A adalah status ekonomi rendah (OR 1,75 95% CI 1,35-2,27), tidak pernah ke posyandu (OR 7,90 95% CI 6,20-10,06), ke posyandu hanya 1-3 kali dalam 6 bulan terakhir (OR 2,62 95%CI 2,00-3,49), dan pendidikan ibu SMP ke bawah (OR 1,41 95% CI 1,11-1,78). Serum retinol balita yang tidak menerima kapsul lebih rendah (p=0,039) dibanding yang menerima kapsul (1,37+0,47 dibanding 1,51+0,53 µmol/L). Kadar serum retinol tertinggi pada 2 bulan sesudah distribusi kapsul (2,10+0,36 sampai 2,18+0,61 µmol/L) dan kemudian terus menurun sampai sebelum bulan distribusi kapsul 6 bulan berikutnya (1,21+0,45 sampai 1,28+0,40 µmol/L). Hal ini berarti kenaikan serum retinol antara 0,82-0,97 µmol/L dengan suplementasi kapsul vitamin A. Program kapsul vitamin A masih tetap diperlukan karena kapsul meningkatkan status vitamin A yang masih belum optimal
ESTIMASI KADAR IODIUM DALAM URIN 24 JAM MELALUI URIN SESAAT
No full textKecukupan asupan iodium individu diukur berdasarkan ekskresi iodium urin (EIU). Metode untuk mengukur kadar iodium urin adalah dengan menampung urin selama 24 jam. Namun, alternatif praktis adalah menggunakan sampel urin sesaat. Makalah ini membahas prakiraan kadar iodium dari sampel urin 24 jam dengan menggunakan urin sesaat. Sebanyak 37 wanita usia subur (18-45 tahun) diukur EIUnya. Sampel urin untuk analisis diperoleh dengan dua cara: (i) urin sesaat yang dikumpulkan setiap buang air kecil; dan (ii) urin 24 jam. Kadar iodium urin ditentukan menggunakan metode ammonium persulphate digestion. Uji statistik t-test dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara kadar iodium dari urin sesaat dalam rentang waktu tertentu dengan kadar iodium urin 24 jam. Keeratan hubungan kadar iodium sampel urin sesaat dengan kadar iodium urin 24 diuji dengan korelasi metode Pearson’. Kadar iodium dari sampel urin sesaat pada rentang waktu sebelum jam 12 siang tampak lebih rendah 5,9 - 13,8 persen dibandingkan dengan kadar iodium dari sampel urin 24 jam. Demikian pula kadar iodium urin sesaat antara pukul 12.00 hingga pukul 24.00 tampak lebih tinggi 0,8 - 2,2 persen dibandingkan kadar iodium urin 24 jam. Namun demikian, secara statistik tidak ada perbedaan kadar iodium urin yang diambil dari sampel urin sesaat dengan sampel urin 24 jam. Koefisien korelasi kadar iodium urin sesaat antara pukul 17.00 hingga pukul 24.00 dengan kadar iodium urin 24 jam adalah yang tertinggi yaitu rho 0,82. Kadar iodium berdasarkan urin sesaat dapat digunakan untuk mengukur masukan iodium individu dan dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi kadar iodium urin 24 jam
Formulation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine (DHP) Generic Tablet as Antimalarials Drug
No full textThe incidence of malaria in Indonesia is about two million cases annually. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) is the first line therapy recommended for uncomplicated malaria treatment, whereas DHP is still fully imported. The generic DHP tablet formulation has the potential to become the first of DHP drug which is locally produced. This study is aimed to formulate generic DHP film coated tablets for antimalaria drug. Tablets were compressed with the combination of wet granulation for piperaquine phosphate (PQP) and direct compression method for DHA and coated with a moisture barier coating material. The parameters to evaluate the quality of DHP tablets are physical properties, assay, and dissolution test. DHA and PQP assay were performed by HPLC method. The dissolution testing was conducted by in house method using HCl 0.1 N medium. The result shows physical properties of film-coated tablets meet the requirement, i.e. uniform weight, 7.0-8.5 kp hardness, 0.02% friability and 3 minute 22 seconds disintegration. The assay to determine DHA in tablet was 95.17% and PQP was 97.05%. The result of dissolution testing shows the content of DHA and PQP in the tablet were 113.51% and 96.55%, respesctively. The formulation which is developed meets the general requirement of API in tablet 90–110% and dissolution requirement >75%
Up dating Islamic Boarding School Santri and Reproductive Health Information
No full textBackground: Islamic boarding school system has long story in indonesia, they covered as much 14.798 student whoare teenager between 9–15 year old. Problems encountered with adolescent sexuality and reproductive health. Methods:An explorative research implemented in 3 provinces ie East Java, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), East Kalimantan and sixIslamic boarding schools. Data were collected through questionnaires about reproductive health. Results: It showed 48,5%of respondents didn’t have enough knowledge, attitudes and behavior about reproductive health, 40% of respondents knewvery little about puberty, menstruation and wet dream, 71% of respondents had little knowledge about the risk of pregnancy;49% of respondents had not enough knowledge about sexually transmited diseases. 88% respondents said that they hadfall in love, 76% of respondents had positive courtship behavior. Conclusion: The information about reproductive healthin islamic boarding school for adolescents is still in adequate and only refer to yellow book. Health worker did not provideadequqte information. We still found student who have sex while when they were engaged still datting. Suggestion: Theneed of additional and up to date reproductive health information and the risks of sexual intercourse marriage it maybedelivery on interesting media, such as one social networking. A health reproductive modules consist of scientic materialand some knowledge has to be developed and should be delivery health worker. Reproductive health syllabus and trainingfor trainers for teachers of boarding school is needed.Background: Islamic boarding school system has long story in indonesia, they covered as much 14.798 student whoare teenager between 9–15 year old. Problems encountered with adolescent sexuality and reproductive health. Methods:An explorative research implemented in 3 provinces ie East Java, Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), East Kalimantan and sixIslamic boarding schools. Data were collected through questionnaires about reproductive health. Results: It showed 48,5%of respondents didn’t have enough knowledge, attitudes and behavior about reproductive health, 40% of respondents knewvery little about puberty, menstruation and wet dream, 71% of respondents had little knowledge about the risk of pregnancy;49% of respondents had not enough knowledge about sexually transmited diseases. 88% respondents said that they hadfall in love, 76% of respondents had positive courtship behavior. Conclusion: The information about reproductive healthin islamic boarding school for adolescents is still in adequate and only refer to yellow book. Health worker did not provideadequqte information. We still found student who have sex while when they were engaged still datting. Suggestion: Theneed of additional and up to date reproductive health information and the risks of sexual intercourse marriage it maybedelivery on interesting media, such as one social networking. A health reproductive modules consist of scientic materialand some knowledge has to be developed and should be delivery health worker. Reproductive health syllabus and trainingfor trainers for teachers of boarding school is needed
POTENSI TUMBUHAN KOLEKSI KEBUN RAYA CIBODAS SEBAGAI OBAT ANTIMALARIA MASA DEPAN
No full textCibodas Botanic Gardens (CBG) as an ex-situ conservation area has a wide collection of plants, one of them is potential as medicinal plants. Inventory of plant species that potentially antimalarial collection has been conducted through literature study and CBG plants collection database searches. A total of 107 species of plants collection CBG from 50 families potentially have antimalarial activity, among others Alstonia scholaris (L) R. Br., Artemisia annua L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Bidens pilosa L., Cinchona calisaya Wedd., Dichroa febrifuga Lour., and Vernonia amygdalina Del. Parts of the plant which produces the antimalarial derived from the extract of the roots, stems, barks and leaves. The plants species potentially antimalarial will be explained in this paper.AbstrakKebun Raya Cibodas (KRC) sebagai kawasan konservasi ex-situ memiliki berbagai koleksi tumbuhan, salah satunya tumbuhan berpotensi obat. Inventarisasi jenis tumbuhan koleksi yang berpotensi antimalaria telah dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan penelusuran data koleksi tanaman KRC. Sebanyak 107 jenis tumbuhan koleksi KRC dari 50 suku tumbuhan berpotensi memiliki aktivitas antimalaria, diantaranya Alstonia scholaris (L) R. Br., Artemisia annua L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Bidens pilosa L., Cinchona calisaya Wedd., Dichroa febrifuga Lour.dan Vernonia amygdalina Del. Bagian tumbuhan yang menghasilkan zat antimalaria berasal dari ekstrak akar, batang, kulit batang dan daun. Jenis-jenis tumbuhan berpotensi antimalaria akan dijelaskan pada tulisan ini
BEHAVIOUR OF LEDOK VILLAGE COMMUNITY, SALATIGA CITY IN DRAINING WATER CONTAINER FOR DENGUE VECTOR CONTROL
No full textKegiatan Pemberantasan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN) melalui 3M plus (menguras, mengubur, menutup kontainer air) adalah salah satu upaya pengendalian vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang efektif dan ramah lingkungan. Masyarakat Kelurahan Ledok, Kota Salatiga lebih memilih tindakan menguras untuk pengendalian vektor DBD dibandingkan tindakan larvasidasi atau pemberian ikan pemakan jentik di lingkungan mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi hubungan faktor demografi (jenis kelamin, usia, pendidikan, pekerjaan), sikap, dan alasan melakukan tindakan menguras tempat penampungan air terhadap perilaku menguras penampungan air. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sebanyak 50 orang sebagai sampel penelitian diambil secara kluster yaitu seluruh rumah di wilayah Rukun Tetangga (RT)1/Rukun Warga (RW)5 dan RT 1/RW 8 Kelurahan Ledok. Pengumpulan data dilakukan Oktober 2013. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan perilaku menguras penampungan air. dan alasan melakukan perilaku menguras dengan tindakan menguras penampungan air. Faktor kebersihan menjadi indikator utama responden untuk melakukan tindakan menguras tempat air.
Kata kunci: menguras, penampungan air, perilaku, pengendalian vektor DB
RISK FACTORS HOST OF LEPTOSPIROSIS IN DEMAK DISTRICT
No full textLeptospirosis adalah penyakit zoonosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang termasuk genus Leptospira. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan beberapa faktor risiko leptospirosis pada host. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi faktor risiko leptospirosis pada host di Kabupaten Demak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kasus kontrol, didukung dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Jumlah responden sebanyak 80 responden, terdiri dari 40 kasus dan 40 kontrol, dan dipilih dengan consecutive sampling. Instrumen yang dipakai adalah kuesioner terstruktur. Variabel yang terbukti secara bermakna merupakan faktor risiko leptospirosis adalah kontak dengan tikus (OR = 7,019; 95% CI = 1,665-29,590; p = 0,008), pekerjaan berisiko (OR = 6,317; 95% CI = 1,587-25,151; p = 0,009) dan keberadaan selokan yang buruk (OR = 5,762; 95% CI = 1,546-21,480; p = 0,009). Variabel yang tidak terbukti sebagai faktor risiko leptospirosis adalah keberadaan luka, kurangnya pengetahuan dan sikap tentang leptospirosis, keberadaan kotoran tikus, dan tempat penyimpanan bahan makanan matang yang tidak aman. Ketiga faktor risiko tersebut memberikan kontribusi terhadap kejadian leptospirosis di Kabupaten Demak sebesar 92,85%.
Kata kunci: faktor risiko, host, leptospirosis, Dema