Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
Not a member yet
875 research outputs found
Sort by
Міжнародне співробітництво як один із пріоритетних напрямів підвищення ефективності підготовки працівників для органів та підрозділів Національної поліції України
Get PDFThe author has emphasized the fact that nowadays there is an urgent need for scientific analysis of the training system of police personnel in Ukraine; establishment of uniform standards of police personnel training, extension of cooperation within law enforcement area has become very important; the need to strengthen international cooperation in the sphere of police training has been enhanced.
The author argues that international cooperation in the sphere of police personnel training is a new promising area of international cooperation in crime combating area. The direct participation of the National Police of Ukraine in this cooperation will develop an optimal model of police training.
The state of international cooperation of Ukraine in the field of police personnel training at the universal, regional and bilateral levels has been considered in details. The author has offered to establish an international center for police personnel training on the basis of one of educational institutions, which train police officers. Herewith the author divides the standards that are to be trained for police officers into professional and those in the area of guaranteeing human rights.Досліджено стан сучасної системи підготовки кадрів для Національної поліції України. Визначено, що міжнародне співробітництво в галузі підготовки поліцейських кадрів є новим перспективним напрямком міжнародної взаємодії у сфері протидії злочинності. Встановлено, що в сучасних умовах швидкого розвитку інтеграційних процесів у світі та значного зближення країн у різних сферах суспільного життя виникає потреба вчити поліцейських працювати в умовах інтенсивного розвитку міжнародного співробітництва
Агентурно-розшукова діяльність міліції УСРР у 1920-ті роки
Get PDFThe process of formation of operational and search activities in militia of Soviet Ukraine in 1920s has been researched. This problem is not enough studied and has been just started to be developed.
It has been established that operational and search activities in militia of Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic started together with the formation of the criminal investigation office in the Republic. The author has analyzed the legal basis of criminal investigation office’s organization, involvement of agents and informants for combating crime and usage of other covert methods of work. It has been indicated that the concepts of “secret agent” and “covert informant” differed in those days. Secret-service agents were referred to as people who had a certain monthly salary, who were assigned with certain intelligence tasks both according to their residence and on-site to other places. Covert informants were called people who provided information on specific crimes and representatives of the criminal world for criminal investigation office without leaving their main profession or occupation. Personnel of covert informants had to be enrolled mainly among persons close to the criminal world and those who had a continuous relationship with it, or among large institutions – enterprises, factories, plants or cooperatives, where embezzlement could happen, as well as within the institutions, which were in charge of the distribution of supplies and transport. Secret-service agents in order of conspiracy could be provided with documents under the fictitious name from various Soviet institutions and enterprises.
Specific examples of solving crimes with the help of secret-service agents and covert informants have been provided; and the shortcomings of this work have been summarized. The author has summed up that despite the lack of personnel and financial difficulties, inherent to this period of the republic’s history, secret and investigative activities played a significant role in combating crime and solving crimes.Розглянуто досвід оперативно-розшукової діяльності міліції в Україні у період нової економічної політики. Проаналізовано правову основу організації карного розшуку, залучення для протидії злочинності агентури, інформаторів та використання інших негласних методів роботи
Особливості огляду засобів комп’ютерної техніки
Get PDFThe features of examination of computer technique facilities have been analyzed; and the general procedure of its holding has been formulated. Special attention has been paid to the relevance of the studied issue, relevant statistics on Internet users and some types of committed cybercrimes have been provided. The author has determined the main means of computer facilities, which law enforcement agencies face. The main types of examination of computer technique facilities based on the type of studied means (standard, mobile, consumer, etc.) have been provided. On the basis of the analysis of scientific, methodical, educational literature and regulatory sources the author has highlighted a number of problematic issues that exist in the studied area. The author has revealed the features of law enforcement agencies’ activities at the preparatory stages (tools formation, work with catalogs of forensic software, hardware means, and directly during the examination (general algorithm for data collection, methods of securing collected data, peculiarities of working with flash drives, methods of sterilization of carriers in operating systems Linux and Windows, the procedure of examination of the collected data, etc.).
The attention has been paid on the importance of collecting and documenting volatile data (RAM, network processes, terminal clients’ work). Two main ways of collecting non-volatile data (creating an image of corresponding carrier and its duplicate) have been revealed; their advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. The peculiarities of examining mobile computer facilities, software and physical way of removing the backup of mobile devices have been outlined; some examples have been provided.
It has been concluded that properly conducted examination of computer technique facilities from technical and legal points of view is the basis for the successful detection, suppression and investigation of cybercrimes.Проаналізовано особливості огляду засобів комп’ютерної техніки та сформульовано загальний порядок його проведення. Охарактеризовано основні види такого огляду, засоби комп’ютерної техніки, з якими доводиться стикатися правоохоронним органам. Проаналізовано головні проблемні моменти, які існують у досліджуваній сфері. Розкрито особливості роботи правоохоронних органів на підготовчих етапах, а також безпосередньо під час огляду. Акцентовано увагу на важливості збирання та документування волатильних даних, наведено два основні способи їх збирання. Окреслено особливості огляду мобільних засобів комп’ютерної техніки, наведено приклади
ПРИНЦИПИ ПРАВООХОРОННОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ
Get PDFOn the basis of etymology, scientific points of view of scholars and legal area provisions the author of the article has researched key terms in the frames of the article, in particular “principles”, “law enforcement activities”, “National Police”. The author has suggested to understand the principles as basic, core and guiding principles underlying the activities of the subjects entering into certain relationships. The author has concluded about the appropriate level of attention and the status of highlighting the issue concerning the content of the term of “law enforcement activity”, however the author has also indicated its absence within the legal field. Regarding the term of “National Police”, the author has determined the appropriate level of highlighting its content both in terms of legislation and among the scholars.
Among the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” the author has singled out general and legal principles (rule of law, keeping human rights and freedoms, the principle of legality) and branch (special) principles (openness and transparency, political neutrality, interaction with the population based on partnership, continuity). The content of branch (special) principles, which are characterized by their practical orientation, has been outlined.
In regard to the implementation of branch principles of the activities of the National Police the author has noted that a key prerequisite for the effective implementation of these principles may be the following: first, a proper legal and, secondly, proper logistical support of structural units of the National Police; thirdly, All-Ukrainian educational activities among the population concerning the procedure and specifics of law enforcement agencies’ activities, particularly the National Police. The implementation of the obtained findings will make it possible to improve the practical implementation level of the principles of the law enforcement activities of the National Police.Розглянуто енциклопедичні та наукові погляди на зміст таких правових категорій, як «принципи», «правоохоронна діяльність», «Національна поліція». Зроблено висновки про виявлення науковцями достатньої уваги до досліджуваних термінів та відповідне їх висвітлення в рамках національного правового поля. Зосереджено увагу на необхідності розмежування принципів діяльності Національної поліції на дві групи: загальноправові та галузеві
СУЧАСНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ВИОКРЕМЛЕННЯ ФУНКЦІЙ ОРГАНІВ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ПОЛІЦІЇ УКРАЇНИ У СФЕРІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ
Get PDFThe author has determined the features of participation of the National Police of Ukraine in the formation and implementation of the state information policy; has provided the list and revealed the content of the functions of its agencies and divisions. The separation of functions of the National Police into general, special and auxiliary has been grounded. It has been emphasized that the provision of information policy of the state by the police agencies and divisions belongs to all functions of this body of executive power. This is due to the fact that the National Police agencies within the implementation of special functions take measures to combat crime, ensure public safety and order, protection of the rights and freedoms, public interests from unlawful encroachments, etc. It has been established that these activities are carried out in all spheres of public life, including information one. The author has characterized specifics of providing the state information policy in the context of realization of each function of the National Police as the central executive body in general and by the example of individual structural components. It has been emphasized on the necessity of legislative consolidation (within the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”) of the main functions of the National Police and the clear delineation of the range of measures to be taken with the aim of their proper implementation in all directions of the activities of the agencies and divisions of the National Police, including with the information sphere. It has been also indicated that in the context of mainstreaming the issue of cybersecurity, the adoption of a separate regulatory act acquires the priority. This act should reflected he issues of implementing the measures on combating cybercrime by the National Police agencies and divisions.Визначено особливості участі Національної поліції України у формуванні та реалізації державної інформаційної політики, подано перелік і розкрито зміст та відповідних функцій її органів та підрозділів. Характеризовано специфіку забезпечення державної інформаційної політики в контексті реалізації кожної функції Національної поліції як центрального органу виконавчої влади загалом і на прикладі її окремих структурних складових. Наголошено на необхідності законодавчого закріплення (в законі України «Про Національну поліцію») основних функцій Національної поліції та чіткого окреслення заходів, які мають здійснюватися з метою їх належної реалізації за всіма напрямами діяльності органів і підрозділів Національної поліції, в тому числі в інформаційній сфері. Звернуто увагу на пріоритетність ухвалення окремого нормативно-правового акта, в якому повинні знайти своє відображення питання реалізації органами та підрозділами Національної поліції заходів щодо протидії кібер
злочинності
АДМІНІСТРАТИВНО-ПРАВОВИЙ МЕХАНІЗМ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ КОРУПЦІЇ В ОРГАНАХ ПОЛІЦІЇ
Get PDFFeatures of legal regulation and practices to prevent corruption in law enforcement agencies have been studied. Under administrative and legal mechanism to prevent corruption within the police agencies we understand the system of legal means that allow authorized entities to operate effectively to prevent corruption in law enforcement agencies with the assistance of measures of organizational and legal nature and administrative compulsion measures.
The object of the research of this article is administrative and legal mechanism to prevent corruption within the police agencies of Ukraine. The objective of the study is to suggest new approaches to the prevention of corruption within the police agencies of Ukraine based on the study, analysis and compilation of legislation norms in the field of prevention of corruption, opinions of scholars on this issue and international and legal standards.
According to the research, the author has concluded that mere legislative consolidation of the fundamental principles of preventing and combating corruption in the public and private spheres of social relations does not fully solve all the issues generated by the phenomenon of corruption. Practical implementation of the new anti-corruption legislation is needed for overcoming corruption. It has been emphasized on the importance to develop integrated administrative and legal mechanism to prevent corruption in Ukraine.Розглянуто особливості правового регламентування та практики запобігання корупції в правоохоронних органах. Під адміністративно-правовим механізмом запобігання корупції в органах поліції розуміється система правових засобів, які дозволяють уповноваженим суб’єктам ефективно здійснювати діяльність із запобігання корупції в правоохоронних органах за допомогою заходів організаційно-правового характеру та заходів адміністративного примусу. Зроблено висновок, що для України важливим є розроблення цілісного адміністративно-правового механізму запобігання корупції
ЖИТЛОВО-КОМУНАЛЬНІ ПОСЛУГИ ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ ЦИВІЛЬНИХ ПРАВ (ПРАВОВІДНОСИН)
Get PDFThe concept of objects of civil rights is one of the complex in civil law science. The mentioned issue has not got round the provisions of the norms of legislation and scientific concepts in the context of providing housing services. This problem occurs because the Civil Code of Ukraibe does not contain certain norms regarding the specifics of the relevant type of services as an object of civil rights and the presence of dispersion regulating the procedure of their provision by housing services.
The modern doctrine of civil law admits the plurality of objects of civil rights and denies the possibility of non-object civil legal relations’ existence. Plurality is conceptually defined in the Section III of the Civil Code of Ukraine and means a variety of their species, due to the diversity of legal interests of civil law subjects. The object of civil rights is everything, in respect of which the subjects come into legal relations.
The concept of housing services would be appropriate to interpret due to a combination of these categories (actions and benefits). Consequently, housing services – are the result of economic activities aimed at meeting the needs of an individual or legal entity to provide hot and cold water, water discharge, gas- and electric power supply, heating, as well as removal of waste in the manner prescribed by the law.
The subject matter of the contract on providing housing services is a non-material service, i.e. the intangible benefit obtained by the customer in the process of committing certain actions by the executor or exercising certain activities. The feature of contractual structures on providing housing services is the quality of provided services. Our vision is confirmed by the norms of the current legislation.
The results of the conducted research are the following conclusions:
1) the object of civil legal relations is the actual behavior of their subjects related to the performance of certain actions due to subjective rights and legal responsibilities;
2) a housing service as an object of civil law is a definite benefit provided by a specialized organization and is the result of the activities of the latter;
3) a housing service is a subject matter of many types of contracts, but has its own specificity depending on its type, which may be associated with the presence of various criteria of quality of provided services (water discharge, gas supply, electric power supply, etc.).Окреслено авторське бачення окремих проблемних питань, що існують у контексті визначення житлово-комунальних послуг як об’єктів цивільних прав. Звернуто увагу, що цивільне законодавство не лише не дає відповіді на ці проблемні питання, але чітко і не визначає коло об’єктів цивільних прав. Зроблено висновок, що житлово-комунальна послуга як об’єкт цивільного права є певним благом, що надається спеціалізованою організацією та є результатом діяльності останньої. Така послуга є предметом багатьох видів договорів, проте має свою специфіку залежно від її виду, що може бути пов’язано з наявністю різних критеріїв якості наданих послуг (водопостачання, газопостачання, електропостачання тощо)
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СУДОВОЇ ЕКСПЕРТИЗИ ЗА ЗАКОНОДАВСТВАМИ УКРАЇНИ ТА ФРАНЦІЇ
Get PDFThe authors have analyzed the current procedural legislation of France on performance of forensic expertises; have revealed common and distinctive features with the procedural legislation of Ukraine to determine the possibilities of using positive experience to improve the expertise activities in Ukraine. Particular attention is paid to the principles of the expert’s activities and the possibilities of their implementation in Ukraine; to the research of the expert’s participation in the court proceedings and the role in the conclusion of an amicable agreement.
Proceedings of forensic expertise in Ukraine would significantly increase its effectiveness in the process of proving with the use of approaches that are widely used in French procedural law, namely: judicial expertise is understood and interpreted as an alternative method of judicial disputes resolution; experts are not only observers but also actors who participate in conciliation; an expert mediates the parties, whom he meets, interviews, listens, meets with records; he takes a winning position to simplify the conclusion of an amicable agreement.
As a result of the conducted research of procedural laws of France concerning the conduction of expertises it has been established that the adversarial process is realized through constant interaction between the participants of the proceedings with the judicial expert. In turn, the transparency of the process is guaranteed with preparing a significant number of mandatory documents by the expert (reports, interim notes, landmark report, summarizing note, preliminary report, final report), which are introduced to parties that may raise additional questions.Проаналізовано чинне процесуальне законодавство Франції щодо провадження судових експертиз, виявлено спільні та відмінні риси із процесуальним законодавством України для визначення можливостей використання позитивного досвіду в удосконаленні експертної діяльності. Особливу увагу приділено розгляду принципів діяльності експерта та можливостям їх реалізації в Україні. Досліджено участь експерта в судовому провадженні та його роль в укладанні полюбовної угоди
РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ДОРОЖНЬОГО РУХУ В УКРАЇНІ У 1920-ТІ РОКИ
Get PDFIt is indicated that there was no universal traffic rules for the entire Soviet Union in 1920s, they were worked out at the local level. The rules contained requirements for drivers: existence of the driving licenses and road sheet; requirements for the registration signs; requirements for the cars and their registration; the rules of exploitation of certain types of cars were described. They contained traffic speed limits in the city, including at night time, records of vehicles and inspectors’ work. The responsibility for the compliance with the rules was put on inspection of transport department of the relevant local council. The traffic was regulated in order to create the conditions for traffic safety, longstanding jams were neutralized, high transport capacity of streets and convenience of highway service were guaranteed, technical transport speed was increased and its use was improved. From 1921 militia officers were offered to learn not only political literacy, arithmetic and Russian language, but mandatory traffic regulation. As the number of automobile transport was increased it was militia, which was responsible for traffic regulation.Розглянуто основні аспекти становлення системи організації регулювання дорожнього руху в добу непу в Україні, показано роль міліції у цьому процесі
УПРАВЛІННЯ У СФЕРІ ЗЕМЕЛЬНИХ ВІДНОСИН ТА НАДРОКОРИСТУВАННЯ
Get PDFAdministrative and legal guaranteeing of the administration in the sphere of land relations and subsoil use in Ukraine has been analyzed; propositions for regulating the competence and powers of the subjects of land use have been considered.
It is stressed that the administration in the sphere of land relations and subsoil use is realized by the extensive network of authorized entities, including the central executive authorities and their local departments and agencies, and local self-governments, which are endowed with different amounts of general and special jurisdiction and powers. There are contradictions and inconsistencies within legal regulation of these administration entities, which are to be eliminated by the amendments and alterations to the current legislation and the adoption of a number of relevant subordinate legislation.
It is emphasized that the administration in the sphere of land relations and subsoil use should be based on the principle of taking into account the indispensability of land as the main mean of production, as space-territorial basis of natural resources, social and industrial infrastructure, which should serve the whole Ukrainian nation.Проаналізовано адміністративно-правове забезпечення управління у сфері земельних відносин та надрокористування, розглянуто пропозиції з питань упорядкування компетенції та повноважень суб’єктів землекористування