Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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ОКРЕМІ ПИТАННЯ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ МІГРАЦІЙНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ
Get PDFSome issues of combating migration processes that are underway in the European Union have been considered. The author has stressed on the necessity of strengthening police counteraction to illegal migration.
Nowadays the problem of illegal migration is one of the main for the countries – members of the European Union. Greece could be a striking example of the operation of illegal migration process. From the information received by Greek secret services it is clear that groups of migrants are formed in Constantinople, Beirut, Side, Latakia, Addis Ababa, Asmara and Tripoli. Of course, these are small groups (5–20 people), accompanied by a guide, who get to their destination by air transport (bus, train or sea) and then walk, mostly at night time, crossing the border.
Illegal (unlawful) migration is illegal movement across the state border, i.e. outside border crossing points or concealment from border and customs controls, using forged documents, visa or without them, independently or through the third parties, and living in the country without proper approval of the competent state authorities. Experts believe that illegal migration has become a highly profitable business of international criminal groups.
Unmanaged growth of illegal migration promotes social phenomena such as crime, unemployment, the spread of dangerous diseases, the growth of illegal labor market, human trafficking, etc. It should be noted that considering the matters of illegal migration we must proceed from its understanding as a transnational phenomenon that operates outside the legal framework of the current legislation and takes the form of transnational organized crime.Розглянуто основні нормативно-правові акти ЄС з питань регламентації міграційних процесів. Визначено основні напрямки еволюції міграційної політики ЄС та сформульовано основні принципи, на яких має ґрунтуватися міграційна політика України в умовах євроінтеграції
Банківська діяльність як об’єкт адміністративно-правової охорони
Get PDFThe subject matter of the research is the relations that are formed in the process of banking operations.
It has been substantiated that banks and the banking system are among the most important financial institutions, which proper and stable functioning influences on all other spheres of life in the state. It is proved by the consequences of crises in the banking sector that have occurred in Ukraine over the past few years. Awareness of the importance of this area and the possible consequences of unlawful encroachments have determined the need to search for all legal means for combating delicts in the sphere of banking operations. Understanding the fact that one can achieve significant results in the sphere of protecting banking operations by administrative and legal means, has necessitated this scientific study.
In order to analyze banking operations as an object of administrative and legal protection, the author has fulfilled the following tasks. The author has highlighted the use of the concepts of “protection” and “administrative and legal protection” in the context of their implementation in relation to banking operations. The foundations of Ukrainian and international administrative and legal regulation of protecting relations in the sphere of banking operations have been revealed. The essence and features of banking operations influencing the understanding of the sphere of protected relations have been outlined; and the content of administrative and legal protection of relations in the field of banking operations has been revealed. It has been noted that there is an extensive system of banking legislation on legal norms in Ukraine regulating banking operations that require legal protection.
The practical significance of the obtained results of the article is determined by the substantiated provisions for improving the approaches to increase the efficiency of the administrative and legal protection of the relations in the sphere of banking operations. A number of practical results of the research can be used while studying administrative and legal means of protecting relations in the field of banking operations.Уперше банківську діяльність проаналізовано як об’єкт адміністративно-правової охорони. Висвітлено використання понять «охорона» й «адміністративно-правова охорона» в контексті їх здійснення стосовно банківської діяльності, розкрито основи адміністративно-правового (національного й міжнародного) регулювання охорони відносин у сфері банківської діяльності та зміст адміністративно-правової охорони відносин у сфері банківської діяльності. Відзначено, що в Україні створено розгалужену систему банківського законодавства з правових норм, що врегульовують банківську діяльність, яка потребує правової охорони
Правова природа загального виборчого права та його роль у становленні демократії в державі
Get PDFIt has been noted that the basic principles of holding democratic elections have been reflected in national legislation of many modern democracies, and the Ukrainian state was no exception. The Constitution of Ukraine states that elections to state power agencies and local self-governments are free and proceed on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot. The study of these principles is important and is an integral part for studying the institution of electoral law.
One of the main places among the principles of elections has the principle of universal adult suffrage. Its main task within the electoral process is to provide citizens with access to participation in the formation of government agencies, and it has two sides of implementation: on election (active) and on the ballot on state positions (passive law of public elections). Consequently, the study of the legal nature of universal adult suffrage has both theoretical and practical value, since the legislative consolidation of the principle of universal adult suffrage and the state of its implementation provide the elections with a characteristic of democracy.
The principle of universal adult suffrage has a rich history of formation and transformation, which is directly connected with the processes of democratization of the state. The urgency of the study of the principle of universal adult suffrage is due to the fact that the content of this principle and the limits of its legislative regulation affect the determination of the number of persons eligible to take part in elections and the establishment of certain conditions regarding the participation of persons in the election process, and therefore it reflects the level of democracy of electoral processes in the state.
The legal nature of universal adult suffrage as one of the main constitutional principles of elections has been analyzed; its content and role in the formation of democracy in the state have been revealed. The influence of universal adult suffrage on the realization of eligibility for public office and elective franchise has been determined; the relationship of universal adult suffrage and democratic elections has been determined by the way of conducting analysis, in particular, the historical transformation of the principle of universal adult suffrage.Проаналізовано правову природу загального виборчого права як одного з головних конституційних принципів виборів, розкрито його зміст та роль у становленні демократії в державі. Визначено вплив загального виборчого права на реалізацію пасивного й активного виборчого права, встановлено взаємозв’язок загального виборчого права та демократичних виборів шляхом проведення аналізу, зокрема, історичної трансформації принципу загального виборчого права
Характеристика форм діяльності органів прокуратури щодо протидії корупції
Get PDFThe notion of the form of activity of the prosecutor’s office in combating corruption has been formulated; the systems of administrative and legal forms of counteracting corruption have been considered; the system of forms of counteracting corruption, which are applied in practice in the activities of the prosecutor’s office, has been determined.
It has been established that the diversity of forms of counteracting corruption is due to several reasons. First, the legislation of Ukraine defines a large number of entities that are subjects to the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”, which creates the need for the development and adoption of measures to prevent and counteract corruption in each of these subjects. Secondly, anti-corruption measures are diverse in their content, and therefore they may be expressed in appropriate forms.
The form of activities of the prosecutor’s office for combating corruption is defined as the way of external expression of homogeneous actions, methods and means used by the relevant structural units and individual officials of the prosecutor’s office while performing their tasks and functions in the field of combating corruption.
It has been substantiated that the activities of the prosecutor’s office in combating corruption can be expressed in various forms. With the adoption of new laws “On the Prosecutor’s Office” and “On the Prevention of Corruption”, the system of forms of the studied area of the activity was substantially expanded due to, in particular, the analytical and accounting, organizational and legal forms. However, the most common forms of anti-corruption activities of the prosecutor’s office remain administrative and supervisory, control and coordination forms. For their further development and improvement, it is necessary to develop a special order of the Prosecutor General’s Office on the Department for Combating Corruption, as well as in the Law of Ukraine “On the Prevention of Corruption” to clarify the status of the prosecutor’s offices as a specially authorized anti-corruption agency.Сформульовано поняття форми діяльності органів прокуратури щодо протидії корупції; розглянуто системи адміністративно-правових форм протидії корупції; визначено систему форм протидії корупції, які застосовуються в діяльності органів прокуратури на практиці
ПОНЯТТЯ ТА ОЗНАКИ ДЕРЖАВНО-ПРАВОВОГО ПРИМУСУ
Get PDFThe points of view of legal scholars on the content and essence, the legal and social nature of state and legal coercion have been analyzed.
The main features of state and legal coercion are as follows: 1) it has a state and legal nature; 2) it is a method of exercising state power and a mean of legal influence on social relations; 3) it is a method of legal regulation, which is applied not only in connection with unlawful conduct, but also in order to prevent the violations of the requirements of the law norms and restoration of violated rights and freedoms; 4) it is used to protect the rights and legitimate interests of a person, society and the state in cases clearly stipulated by the law (in the presence of an appropriate factual basis), only in the form, manner and under the conditions stipulated by the current system of legal norms of the state; 5) it is implemented through law-enforcement activities of the state.
State and legal coercion has been defined as a method of influence of the state on a person and society in order to ensure the proper implementation of the law norms, which is carried out through law-enforcement activities, regardless of the will and desire of legally obliged subjects.Виокремлено та проаналізовано основні ознаки державно-правового примусу, сформульовано визначення цього правового явища. Під державно-правовим примусом запропоновано розуміти метод впливу держави на особу та суспільство, який здійснюється через правозастосовну діяльність незалежно від волі та бажання юридично зобов’язаних суб’єктів з метою забезпечення належної реалізації норм права
Розвиток криміналістичних знань про економічну злочинність у сфері банківської діяльності
Get PDFThe article analyzes knowledge about criminal investigation of crimes in the banking sector. Author divided these special knowledge into several stages from appearance of the first studies about investigation malfeasance in the economic sphere (50th of the XX c.) and up to nowadays.
It was observed that the progress of knowledge significantly lagged behind degree of criminality in the banking sphere. This gap is can be explained due primarily to the lack of an integrated approach in studying of economic crimes. The state of countering these crimes objectively has such challenges as: legislation, current reforms, lack of experience and specialized trainings, etc. It’s mean lack of special knowledge in the field of economics, accounting, financial analysis and banking.
The criminalistics science need in the predictive function today. It will help in developing methods for a timely response to the new challenges of crime in the banking business and in other spheres. This will prevent large-scale damage caused by criminal activity as well as greatly saves procedural costs in late responding to crimes.Розглянуто етапи розвитку криміналістичного забезпечення протидії економічній злочинності в банківській сфері. Проаналізовано взаємозв’язок між злочинною діяльністю в цій сфері та рівнем розвитку криміналістичних знань
Охорона здоров’я населення як сфера адаптації законодавства України до актів acquis communautaire
Get PDFThe state of doctrinal and legal justification and legal fixing of public health protection to the sphere of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the acts of acquis communautaire. It has been found out that a comprehensive strategy of the implementation of European legal and management standards in the sphere of health care is still absent, and some adaptation measures do not contribute to a deep modernization of the national health care system and upgrading branch legislation.
European organizational and legal measures provided by the Association Agreement in the sphere of health care have sporadic, not systematic nature. Implementation of the provisions of acquis communautaire acts in this area is considered as a mean of operative resolution of the local problems in some sectors to ensure public health. Instead, there is still the need for transposition of tested approaches in EU member-states to improving the management of health care sector (primarily, we refer to the implementation of the basic provisions of the European concept of good governance, improving the culture of approving management decisions, establishment of effective intersectoral cooperation of the authorized subjects, rethinking the current paradigm of preventing diseases and strengthening preventive focus of the functioning of health care system, diversification of the sources of financing of medical institutions), improving the quality of health care, increasing the duration of active life, improving the demographic situation, developing an effective control over the quality and the use of drugs, etc.Розглянуто доктринально-правове обґрунтування та стан легального закріплення належності охорони здоров’я населення до сфер адаптації законодавства України до актів acquis communautaire. Установлено, що комплексна стратегія імплементації європейських правових та управлінських стандартів у сфері охорони здоров’я донині відсутня, а окремі адаптаційні заходи не сприяють глибокій модернізації національної системи охорони здоров’я й новелізації галузевого законодавства
Місцеве самоврядування як форма народного волевиявлення
Get PDFThe author of the article has studied the principles of local self-government as a form of public declaration of will. Local self-governments cannot be absolutely independent from the state, because they operate within the system of state-power relations. Organizationally disconnected from the state power, they are functionally related to it. The procedure of formation and powers of local self-governments are defined by the state authorities acts. They operate in line with the national policy – economic, environmental, culture and may be vested with certain state powers. Therefore, the presence of a certain state control over the execution of the state functions, which are delegated to local self-governments according to the law, as well as over the compliance with the legality of local self-government has been justified. However, this control should not exceed the statutory limits and cannot interfere of local administrations and other state agencies into the activities of local councils and their executive bodies.
Local government has an important form of public power in Ukraine. It creates the conditions necessary for the approximation of power to the people, a flexible system of territorial administration, adapted to local conditions and peculiarities. Local self-government promotes initiatives of citizens, but the final result – is the development of local democracy.Розглянуто засади місцевого самоврядування як форми народного волевиявлення. Наголошено, що органи місцевого самоврядування не можуть бути абсолютно незалежними від держави, адже вони діють у системі державно-владних відносин. Організаційно відокремлені від державної влади, вони пов’язані з нею функціонально. Порядок створення й повноваження органів місцевого самоврядування визначаються актами органів державної влади. Вони діють у руслі загальнодержавної економічної, соціальної та екологічної політики й у сфері культури, можуть наділятися окремими державними повноваженнями. Тому виправданим є певний контроль держави за виконанням тих державних функцій, які згідно із законом були делеговані органам місцевого самоврядування, а також контроль за дотриманням органами самоврядування законності. Однак цей контроль не може виходити за встановлені законом межі й не має перетворюватися на втручання місцевих держадміністрацій та інших органів держави в діяльність місцевих рад і їх виконавчих органів
ЮРИДИЧНИЙ ПРОФЕСІОНАЛІЗМ І МОДЕРНИЙ ПАТРІОТИЗМ КОСТЯ ЛЕВИЦЬКОГО ЯК ДЖЕРЕЛА ДЕРЖАВОТВОРЧИХ СИЛ
Get PDFThe article is focused on fundamental transformations within the formation of Ukrainian state power in the end of the ХІХ – the early ХХ century of the Eastern Halychyna, which was the part of Austria-Hungary constitutional monarchy; to the changes of national values and reference points of the state and legal development of Ukrainians; to the formative process of the new type of national patriotism and new forms of international relations between Ukrainian, Polish and Austrian parliamentary factions of the Senate and Halych Sejm. Since the middle of the ХІХ century the strategy of political struggle in creating the Ukrainian public, political and state institutes in the Eastern Halychyna, which was directed to further differentiation between leading Ukrainian and Polish national and patriotic forces got liberal democracy with the help of K. Levyrskyi. K. Levytskyi practically proved the existence of the new “modern” patriotism, which was based on the theory of liberal democracy. Ukrainian political forces and parliamentary factions mainly constructed legal, but not ideological and political character of the interaction with them and with the leaders of Polish people in the way that maximally eliminated national humiliation and negative national and patriotic feelings. K. Levytskyi adhered to the idea, that in the conditions of constitutional law in Austria-Hungary; it is necessary to pay attention not on the retrospective constituent of general history of Ukrainians and Polish, but on perspective possibility to obtain national independence of Ukrainians and Polish people in a peaceful legal way.Розглянуто фундаментальні трансформації в українському державотворенні кінця ХІХ – початку ХХ ст. Східної Галичини в складі Австро-Угорської конституційної монархії, зміни національних цінностей та орієнтирів державно-правового розвитку українського народу, формування нового типу національного патріотизму та нових форм міжнаціональних відносин між українською, польською й австрійською парламентськими фракціями Сенату та Галицького Сойму. Зазначено, що з середини ХІХ ст. стратегія політичної боротьби у розбудові українських громадських, політичних і державних інституцій у Східній Галичині, яка була спрямована на подальше розмежування між українською та польською провідними національно-патріотичними силами, завдяки К. Левицькому набула ліберально-демократичного характеру. Українські політичні сили й парламентські фракції конструювали головним чином правовий, а не ідейно-політичний образ взаємодії між собою та з лідерами польського народу у спосіб, що максимально виключав національне приниження та негативні національно-патріотичні почуття
ЧИСТКИ В МІЛІЦІЇ УСРР У 1920-ТІ РОКИ
Get PDFPurge of the ranks of law enforcement agencies from unqualified, staff unfit for such work, offenders was always relevant and challenging task. And now, with the creation of police in Ukraine, the severity of the problem has not diminished. The author of this article attempts to reveal the process of purging the ranks of Soviet militia during the NEP period.
Purges in militia occurred by the example of purges of the ranks in the ruling Communist Party then. The reason for purges was releasing the militia out of former White Guards, members of the rebel movement, gangs. Specially created attestation committees organized and carried out the purges. They were granted the right to invite, if necessary, all persons they considered appropriate, and to demand from them and organizations documents and comments on the activities of militia and its employees. All employees had to pass through these committees, regardless of experience and position. Exceptions were only the members of the party – their nominations were considered at meetings of the local communist organizations. The meetings of committees took place in social clubs, manufactories, the village assemblies. The lists of dismissed and kept militia officers after the purges were published in the newspapers, thus the process was rather transparent. The largest and class essentially purge was in 1923. The main reasons for dismissal in 1925 were mainly criminal offenses, such as bribery, abuse of detainees, drinking, contact with the criminal underworld, inadequacy to the position. Purges in militia were primarily aimed at the implementation of class line in the selection of personnel for law enforcement agencies and only then – taking into account professional features and countering crimes and misdemeanors in this environment. In general, purges, despite the dismissal of professionals on social grounds, played a positive role in the formation and development of militia in the NEP period.Розглянуто процес чисток в міліції УСРР протягом 1920-х років, проаналізовано причини цього явища, як відбувався цей процес, які мав особливості та наслідки