Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Визначення поняття принципів правового регулювання заохочення працівників Національної поліції України
Get PDFThe author has researched one of the directions of the modern formation and development of the rule of law state related to the improvement of various branches of law and the relevant legislation in the field of labor law, the definition of the concept and principles of legal regulation of encouragement applicable to the employees of the National Police of Ukraine.
The concept of the principles of legal regulation of encouragement of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine has been defined. It has been found out that encouragement as a mean of legal influence is stimulation of certain behavior of a person under the impact of a certain motive or motives. Legal regulation has been considered as a specific system of normative influence on socially significant, conscious-willed, repeated and stable social relations with the purpose of ordering them. Principles of legal regulation of encouragement of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine have been defined as basic ideas of the system of normative influence on legal relations concerning the encouragement of the specified employees, which determine the content and orientation of its norms and are characterized by systematic, mutually consistent, universal, comprehensive, subjective and regulatory nature. It has been offered to divide these principles into basic and optional ones.
The author has analyzed the scholars’ opinions on determining the concept of promotion in labor law, has studied the essence of promotion in labor law, the definition of legal regulation as a specific system with further clarification of the concept of “principles of legal regulation of promotion of the employees of the National Police of Ukraine”.Досліджено визначення поняття принципів правового регулювання заохочення працівників Національної поліції України. З’ясовано, що заохоченням як засобом правового впливу є стимулювання певної поведінки особи під дією певного мотиву або мотивів. Правове регулювання розглянуть як специфічну систему нормативного впливу на суспільно значущі, свідомо-вольові, повторні та стійкі суспільні відносини з метою їх упорядкування. Принципи правового регулювання заохочення працівників Національної поліції України визначено як такі засадничі ідеї системи нормативного впливу на правовідносини з приводу заохочення вказаних працівників, які визначають зміст і спрямованість його норм і характеризуються системністю, взаємоузгодженістю, загальнообов’язковістю, універсальністю, стабільністю, предметною визначеністю, загальнозначущістю й регулятивністю. Указані принципи запропоновано поділяти на основні та факультативні
Принципи адміністративного права як призма оцінювання змісту нормативно-правових положень: можливості для встановлення проблем і шляхи їх вирішення
Get PDFThe author of the article assesses the content of administrative normative and legal acts (on the example of legal regulation of restrictions on receiving gifts) through the prism of modern understanding of the principles of administrative law, which made it possible to distinguish a number of problems for determining the content of some of them and to work out the ways to solve them, namely:
1) Having studied the norms of the laws of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” and “On Charitable Activities and Charitable Organizations” through the prism of the principle of humanism and justice in the relations between the individual and the state, it is proved that the legal possibility in the sphere of legal relations in the sphere cannot be restricted (forbidden) humanism and charity;
2) an analysis of the law enforcement practice of implementing the prohibition on gift giving has often revealed a flagrant violation of the rule of law; emphasized that ensuring the legal certainty of the described ban can be ensured by revealing its content by the National Anti-Corruption Agency;
3) installed:
– uncertainty about the specific characteristics of “allowed gifts”, which requires amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On Corruption Prevention” to exclude them or to provide clear explanations within the framework of the NACC Guidelines;
– violation of the provisions of the Typical Anti-Corruption Program of a Legal Entity approved by the Decision of NAPC No. 75 dated from March 2, 2017 No. 75 on the principle of hierarchical highness of law, which requires amendments to them in accordance with the provisions of the Art. 23 of the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption", which defines uniform rules for determining the amount of "allowed gift";
– the content of the concept of "gift" does not correspond to such an important element of the rule of law as "prohibition of discrimination and equality before the law", which requires amendments to the Law of Ukraine "On Prevention of Corruption" in the part of the correction of the concept of "gift" as such is bounded by the restriction of "family-private" relations not related to the performance of functions of the state or local self-government.
As a result, it was found out that the principles of administrative law in order to improve the regulatory acts of the sphere of administrative and legal regulation are: 1) as a criterion for assessing the content of provisions of regulatory legal acts, resulting in the isolation of their shortcomings; 2) legal bases for elaboration of amendments and additions to administrative normative legal acts.Здійснено оцінювання змісту адміністративних нормативно-правових актів (на прикладі правового регулювання питань обмежень щодо одержання подарунків) крізь призму сучасного розуміння принципів адміністративного права, що дало можливість виокремити цілу низку проблем, визнати зміст деяких і них та напрацювати шляхи їх вирішення.
Установлено, що принципи адміністративного права з метою вдосконалення нормативно-правових актів сфери адміністративно-правового регулювання виступають: 1) у ролі критерію оцінювання змісту положень нормативно-правових актів, наслідком чого є виділення їх недоліків; 2) правовими підставами для напрацювання змін і доповнень до адміністративних нормативно-правових актів, що забезпечить відповідність адміністративно-правового регулювання основам сучасного розуміння адміністративного права
Способи перевірки речових доказів у кримінальному процесі України
Get PDFTaking into account the fact that evidence verification remains a poorly researched criminal and procedural phenomenon, and physical evidence is an important mean of establishing the circumstances of criminal proceedings, the purpose of the study was to determine and characterize the methods of verifying physical evidence in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine. To achieve this purpose, the author has set the following tasks: to analyze the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine in order to identify the methods of verifying physical evidence; to determine the peculiarities of physical evidence verification. As a result of the study, the author, for the first time, has provided all the means of verifying physical evidence available to the subjects of evidence in Ukraine. The Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine adopted on April 13, 2012, as well as the court practice have been analyzed. The author has determined the following methods of physical evidence verification in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine: comparison of physical evidence with the minutes of examination of physical evidence and its annexes (photo, video materials); verification of compliance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the Implementation of Certain Provisions of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine” dated from November 19, 2012 No. 1104, which approved the Procedure for the storage of physical evidence by the prosecution, their implementation, technological processing, destruction, implementation of costs related to their storage and transfer, the safekeeping of temporarily confiscated property during criminal proceedings concerning its storage, with regard to the storage of physical evidence; examination of physical evidence by the court, familiarization with the physical evidence of the participants in the court proceedings and, if necessary, other participants in the criminal proceedings, focusing the attention of the court on those or other circumstances related to the item and its examination, which is carried out by the persons, who are subjects for the examination of physical evidence; putting questions about physical evidence to witnesses, experts, specialists who inspected the item and responding these questions; comparison of physical evidence with other evidence in order to ascertain their admissibility and credibility.На основі положень Кримінального процесуального кодексу України, ухваленого 13 квітня 2012 р., та судової практики наведено та проаналізовано способи перевірки речових доказів у кримінальному провадженні
Окремі аспекти забезпечення безпеки конфіденційного співробітництва осіб з правоохоронними органами
Get PDFThe organizational and legal provision of security of confidential cooperation in Ukraine has been analyzed. The information on modern problems of ensuring security of the Institution of confidential cooperation has been systematized. The risks arising during the confidential cooperation have been outlined. The author has raised the issue of keeping the balance in ensuring security of a confidant’s personality on the one hand and the need of procedural recording of the information obtained from the confidant on the other hand. Normative and legal regulation of protecting confidants in Ukraine and abroad has been compared. The problematic issues of guarantees for the protection of confidants in the Ukrainian legislation have been revealed; the ways to solve them have been offered. The protective mechanisms that in one form or another should be applied to the confidants have been analyzed: guarantees of social and legal protection, restrictions on the use of certain categories of persons as confidants, etc. The issue of ensuring the safety of the confidants after the cooperation with law enforcement agencies has been raised. The author has offered to establish appropriate security measures for such confidants, to determine the reasons and grounds for the application of such measures, and to outline the mechanism of the implementation of such measures at the regulatory level.
The limits of permissible behavior of confidants during the fulfillment of crime counteraction tasks have been studied. It has been offered to supplement the Art. 43 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine with the norm that would extend the rights of persons who under the law, perform a special task by participating in an organized group or criminal organization, to confidants, who assist law enforcement agencies in preventing and/or investigating a serious or particularly serious crime.
In the context of involving a confidant in accomplishing the tasks of criminal investigation, the author has offered to provide a separate, secret investigative (search) action, which, by analogy with the norm of the Art. 272 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine should be conducted according to the resolution of an investigator, agreed with the head of the pre-trial investigation agency, and the decision of a prosecutor.Проаналізовано організаційно-правове забезпечення безпеки конфіденційного співробітництва в Україні. Систематизовано інформацію про сучасні проблеми забезпечення безпеки інституту конфіденційного співробітництва. Порівнено нормативно-правове регулювання убезпечення конфідентів в Україні та за її межами. Розкрито проблемні питання гарантій захисту конфідентів в українському законодавстві. Запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення. Порушено питання забезпечення безпеки конфідентів після завершення співробітництва з правоохоронним органами. Розглянуто межі допустимої поведінки конфідентів під час виконання завдань протидії злочинності
Призначення та проведення експертиз: проблеми законодавства і практики
Get PDFIt has been noted that the problems of procedural guaranteeing of the rights of victims, suspects (accused) in terms of reforming the criminal procedural legislation are relevant during the appointment and holding of the examination and require further research.
The aim of this study is to analyze the current criminal procedural legislation on the appointment and conduction of examination and to develop propositions for its improvement.
The authors of the article have analyzed the existing procedural legislation on the appointment and conduction of examination; have defined the problematic issues of procedural guaranteeing of the rights of victims, suspects (accused) in the appointment and conduction of examination; and have offered the ways to solve them; have substantiated the need for legislative regulation of additional and re-examination of explosive and technical examination and have provided forensic recommendations to eliminate these problems.
Based on the conducted research, the authors have provided the following suggestions and recommendations:
1) to enshrine the right of the prosecution and defense parties in the Art. 243 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine (CPC) to independently appoint an examination;
2) to declare it appropriate to supplement Section 3 of the CPC with the Art. 56-1 “Rights of the victim in the appointment and conduction of examination”, which should enshrine the relevant rights;
3) to declare it expedient to supplement Section 20 of the CPC of Ukraine with the Art. 242-1, which should determine the rights of the suspect (accused) in the appointment and conduction of examination;
4) to standardize the procedure for the appointment of additional expertise in paragraph 11 of the Art. 101 of the CPC;
5) to standardize the procedure for the appointment of re-examination in paragraph 12 of the Art. 101 of the CPC;
6) to recommend investigators and judges to determine the expert’s questions depending on the objects of expert examination;
7) to improve the stage of experimental testing of objects in carrying out explosive examination.Розглянуто проблемні питання призначення та проведення експертизи, обґрунтовано необхідність унормування процесуальної процедури призначення повторної та додаткової експертиз. Проаналізовано практику призначення та проведення вибухотехнічних експертиз, надано рекомендації щодо підготовки експертних об’єктів
Освітня діяльність науково-дослідних установ у сфері експертного забезпечення правосуддя: актуальні питання адміністративно-правового регулювання
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to study actual issues of administrative and legal regulation of providing educational activities to research institutions in the sphere of expert ensuring justice. It is devoted to the clarification of certain issues of the activity of research institutes of forensic examinations, which provide educational activities at the third (educational-scientific) level of higher education (preparation of applicants for higher education of the degree of doctor of philosophy). The modern administrative legislation is analysed and the proposals are given for improving educational activities, which affects the development of expert ensuring of justice in general.
Studying of various scientific works on the problems of administrative and legal regulation of higher education institutions and scientific institutions during the training of highly qualified personnel (doctors of philosophy) allowed the author to form his own position regarding the educational activities of research institutes in the sphere of expert ensuring justice. The author focuses on the existing shortcomings and gaps in the administrative and legal regulation of the activities of research institutions, in particular, the issues related to the organization of the postgraduate departments’ departments and the problem of introducing information into the General Pablic Electronic Base on Questions of Education.
It is emphasized the special legal nature of the Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations, who, besides forensic, scientific, scientific and technical, scientific and organizational activity, is attracted to the implementation of educational activities, which directly affects the development in the field of expert ensuring justice. The educational activity of Hon. Prof. M. S. Bokarius Kharkiv Research Institute of Forensic Examinations in the field of higher education is considered as an additional type of activity of the scientific institution.Висвітлено окремі аспекти діяльності науково-дослідних установ судових експертиз, які забезпечують провадження освітньої діяльності на третьому (освітньо-науковому) рівні вищої освіти (підготовка здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня доктора філософії). Проаналізовано сучасне адміністративне законодавство та надано пропозиції з удосконалення освітньої діяльності, яка впливає на розвиток сфери експертного забезпечення правосуддя в цілому. Акцентовано увагу на наявних недоліках і прогалинах в адміністративно-правовому регулюванні діяльності науково-дослідних установ, зокрема висвітлено питання щодо організації діяльності відділів аспірантур та розглянуто проблему внесення інформації до Єдиної державної електронної бази з питань освіти. Запропоновано освітню діяльність Харківського науково-дослідного інституту судових експертиз ім. Засл. проф. М. С. Бокаріуса у сфері вищої освіти розглядати як додатковий напрям діяльності наукової установи
Юридичний і моральний боки конфіденційного співробітництва осіб із правоохоронними органами
Get PDFThe legislative regulation of using confidants in Ukraine, as well as the moral aspects of confidential cooperation between individuals and law enforcement agencies have been analyzed. Some reasons that contributed to the regulation of confidential cooperation at the legislative level have been revealed in the historical retrospective; the correlation of the terms of “assistance” and “cooperation” used in the operative and search legislation has been demonstrated. It has been substantiated that in the course of studying the activities of special forces of operative and search activity it is advisable to use a narrower term of “cooperation”, which reflects the specifics of the activity of such forces. The norms of not secret normative legal acts have been outlined, which enshrined the conceptual bases of work with confidants. The emphasis has been made on the need to regulate not only the rights of the confidants, but also their obligations.
A comparative analysis of the society’s attitude to confidential cooperation in different countries has been conducted. The moral and ethical grounds for involving persons into confidential cooperation have been studied. The author has outlined the essential role of the ideological component in the work of the state apparatus, which influences the attitude of society to confidential cooperation. The interdependence of moral and legal aspects of confidential cooperation has been proved. It has been established that the involvement of persons, from a moral point of view, into confidential cooperation is determined by: the voluntary nature of such involvement; public duty; perception of appropriate cooperation as the assistance to the community for its proper functioning; compulsory use of confidants for the prevention and detection of latent crimes; counteracting aggressive protection of criminal interests; guaranteeing the public interests by saving the costs for law enforcement function, since the use of confidants is more financially effective than attracting additional law enforcement forces and means.Проаналізовано законодавче регулювання використання конфідентів в Україні, а також моральний бік конфіденційного співробітництва осіб із правоохоронними органами. Розкрито співвідношення термінів «сприяння» та «співробітництво», які використовуються в оперативно-розшуковому законодавстві. Наведено норми, якими були закріплені концептуальні основи роботи з конфідентами. Проведено порівняльний аналіз ставлення суспільства до конфіденційного співробітництва в окремих країнах. Досліджено морально-етичні підстави для залучення осіб до конфіденційного співробітництва. Доводиться взаємообумовленість моральних та юридичних аспектів конфіденційного співробітництва
Місце органів виконавчої влади у здійсненні права на свободу мирних зібрань
Get PDFThe issue of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly is one of the most pressing and problematic issues in the development of democratic relations in society. Since the realization of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly implies that the subject of realizing this right has a duty to notify, the purpose of this article is to determine the place of executive authorities while notifying the intention to the realization of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.
The scientific novelty consists in the fact that the article describes the executive agency as the object of notification of the intention to realize the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and the legal regulation of this object in obtaining such notice. In particular, the legal regulation of the powers of executive authorities, as objects of notification of the intention to realize the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and the legislative regulation of the latter to be such objects.
The current national legislation of Ukraine does not contain norms that would directly determine the executive authorities as objects of notification of the intention to realize the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The existing legislative provisions on the object of the notification determine the object in general, using an alternative way of presenting the norm, which does not contribute to legal certainty and predictability. At the same time, this state of affairs, with the definition of the executive authorities as the object of notification, makes it impossible for the timely and complete fulfillment of the obligation of the holder of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly, which may lead to unjustified application of legal liability measures.Здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань передбачає виконання суб’єктом його здійснення обов’язку зі сповіщення, тому метою цього дослідження обрано з’ясування місця органів виконавчої влади під час сповіщення про намір здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань.
Висвітлено орган виконавчої влади як об’єкт сповіщення про намір здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань та правове регулювання цього об’єкта щодо отримання такого сповіщення
Європейський досвід регламентації права особи на безоплатну вторинну правову допомогу
Get PDFThe author has analyzed the opinions of scholars on the necessity of introducing the European experience of regulating human right to free secondary legal aid into the national system of protecting human rights. It has been proved that the experience of the European countries is the key to creating the institutional and regulatory base necessary for providing free legal aid, ensuring the financial capacity and stability of the functioning of human rights protection system in Ukraine.
There author has defined two key conditions for ensuring human right to free legal aid: 1) the condition of the state or the “poverty and need test”, which is based on a financial criterion, which allows to determine the lack of sufficient funds to pay for legal aid of a lawyer; 2) a condition of the essence or a “test for the interest of justice” that links the provision of free legal aid to the requirements of justice.
On the basis of the analysis of the basic normative acts of the European countries and the judgments of the European Court of Human Rights, the author has distinguished basic criteria of the necessity of rendering a person free legal aid: 1) demand of interests of justice; 2) the complexity of the court case; 3) the need for the services of a lawyer in regard to the particular circumstances of the case; 4) financing of legal aid by the state.У статті на підставі аналізу наукових позицій учених, а також аналізу європейських нормативних актів, спрямованих на забезпечення права людини на безоплатну правову допомогу, та рішень Європейського суду з прав людини виокремлено основні критерії необхідності надання особі безоплатної правової допомоги та можливості адаптації європейського досвіду в Україні
Програмне регулювання та стратегічне планування у сфері охорони здоров’я
Get PDFThe article deals with the legal characteristics of forecasting and strategic planning in the health care sector through program regulatory acts, their rationality and effectiveness of application, revealing the main characteristics and regularities of such regulation and the place in the system of national legislation, as well as identifying problems and shortcomings of program regulation of the health care sector in Ukraine, the formulation of propositions to eliminate the relevant complications in domestic practice.
The objective of the article is to analyze the problems of program regulation of legal relations in the health care management system in Ukraine and its legal provision.
The methodological basis of the article is a set of generally scientific and special research methods. In particular, through the dialectical method, the set tasks are considered in the unity of their social content and legal form.
The author of the article discusses the development and implementation of regulatory programs in the health care sector in Ukraine. It has been found out that the draft target-oriented program should be developed on the basis of forecasts of economic and social development of Ukraine, forecasts of the development of the health care sector for the medium-term period of the approved concept by the state customer or its designated developer. Accordingly, health regulatory programs are used at the interstate, nationwide, governmental, departmental and regional levels.
The authorities of state agencies in this field have been revealed; the system, content and orientation of the main legal programs in the health care sector have been analyzed. In particular, the Program of Medical Guarantees and State Health Strategies, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers in November 2019, becomes particularly important in the context of the health care sector reform. The content of existing programs in the health care management system has been studied and the need for their widespread use has been proved.
The main problems of program regulation in the health care sector have been distinguished. These are disadvantages of both the general system of organization and effectiveness of the programs, as well as of certain mechanisms of the implementation, in particular financing of programs on a residual principle (underfunding, and sometimes even its absence); unclear formulation of the purpose and objectives of the programs, which indicate the process rather than the final result; the absence of clearly identified performers and obligated entities; insufficient analytical activity; lack of responsibility for non-compliance with mandatory measures and action plan; insufficient control over funds spending; declarative nature, etc.Статтю присвячено правовій характеристиці прогнозування та стратегічного планування у сфері охорони здоров’я за допомогою програмних регулятивних актів, їх раціональності та ефективності застосування. Розкрито повноваження державних органів у цій сфері, проаналізована система, зміст та спрямованість основних правових програм у сфері охорони здоров’я. Досліджено зміст діючих програм, доведено потребу в їх широкому застосуванні. Виокремлено основні проблеми програмного регулювання у сфері охорони здоров’я, якими є недоліки як загальної системи організації та дієвості програм, так і окремих механізмів виконання. Зроблено висновок щодо необхідності посилення результативності програм на міждержавному, загальнодержавному, урядовому, регіональному рівнях