Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Суспільно небезпечне діяння як обов’язкова ознака об’єктивної сторони злочину, передбаченого статтею 330 Кримінального кодексу України
Get PDFOn the basis of the analysis of existing scientific approaches to the interpretation of socially dangerous act, provided by the legislator in the Art. 330 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the author has formulated own approach to determining its content and possible forms of such criminal behavior.
When transferring data to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives constituting the official information collected in the process of operative and search, counterintelligence activities, in the field of defense of the country, it is offered to understand the commission of any actions by the subject, which are: 1) the direct transfer of information to a representative of a foreign enterprise, institution or organization (verbally, by the delivery of material carriers, etc.); 2) forwarding information with the use of communication means (postal, telephone, telegraph, electronic, etc.) to the address of a foreign enterprise, institution, organization or their representatives; 3) creating the conditions for acquaintance or access to them by a representative of a foreign enterprise, institution or organization.
The author believes that the collection of data for the purpose of transferring to foreign enterprises, institutions, organizations or their representatives that constitutes official information collected in the process of operative and search, counterintelligence activities, in the field of defense of the country, should be considered as a process, which depending on the situation, may include: detection of information (its carriers), its recording (in memory or by technical means: photo, video, audio recording, copying of documents, electronic documents on USB, HDD, CD drives, etc.); removal of recorded information in the form of a copy or the original carrier from the location; placing the retrieved information in a specific place for storage and further transfer.
The collection of data for the purpose of its transfer should be considered as an action, which is contrary to the rules established by law and, accordingly, requires overcoming the obstacles established by law in order to get access to it. To achieve this purpose, the offender may resort to illegal means such as wiretapping, abduction, bribery, extortion, etc.Сформульовано авторський підхід до визначення змісту та можливих форм злочинної поведінки, яка полягає у передачі або збиранні з метою передачі відомостей, що становлять предмет злочину статті 330 КК України
Нормативні акти публічної адміністрації: питання класифікації
Get PDFThe author has attempted to group public administration’s normative acts. The advantages of classification as the method of cognition of state and legal phenomena and rules of its conduction have been outlined. The criteria for classification of public administration’s regulatory acts have been clarified. That made it possible to specify the content of the components identified as a result of the classification. The author has emphasized the necessity of forming theoretical system of regulatory acts as forms of public administration, establishing their clear hierarchy and competent independence.
Based on the competence of the public administration entity, it has been offered to distinguish general, departmental, interagency and local regulatory acts. The author has offered to improve the competence of public administration agencies with regard to normative and legal regulation of public administration relations. The author has indicated on the need to rethink the scope of the concept of local regulatory acts and has offered to include exclusively the acts of professional self-government agencies of socially important professions. The author has emphasized on the necessity to set general requirements for local rule-making in order to avoid procedural violations.
According to the functional purpose, the author has offered to distinguish program, regulatory, law enforcement, competence, statutory and structural acts, as well as planning acts. Competent acts define the sphere of responsibility, main tasks and powers, managerial relations within the agency of public administration and its organizational and legal form; structural acts – the territorial and functional structure of public administration agencies, distribution of powers, etc., statutory acts – the procedure of management and functioning of public institution. Program and planning acts do not cause the immediate effects of legal consequences such as the emergence, change or termination of subjective rights and legal obligations and related legal relations, which, however, does not mean that they do not lose the features of normativity. The legal force of such acts will depend on the entity that approved the act: the higher its place in the hierarchy of executive authorities, the higher its legal power.Презентовано авторську спробу групування нормативних актів публічної адміністрації. Уточнено критерії класифікації нормативно-правових актів публічної адміністрації. Запропоновано підхід до розмежування компетенції органів публічної адміністрації стосовно ухвалення нормативно-правових актів. Доведено доцільність поділу нормативно-правових актів публічної адміністрації за ознакою функціонального призначення на програмні, регламентаційні, правонаділяючі, компетенційні, статутні та структурні акти й акти планування. Виділено змістовні характеристики кожного із зазначених класів нормативно-правових актів
Дослідження процесу становлення інституту покарань у праві держав Стародавнього світу
Get PDFReview on: Логвиненко Є. С. Покарання в праві держав Стародавнього світу / Є. С. Логвиненко, І. А. Логвиненко. — Харків : ФОП Панов А. М., 2019. — 252 с.Рецензія на: Логвиненко Є. С. Покарання в праві держав Стародавнього світу / Є. С. Логвиненко, І. А. Логвиненко. — Харків : ФОП Панов А. М., 2019. — 252 с
Криміналістична характеристика типових слідів кримінальних правопорушень за фактами обігу порнографічних предметів
Get PDFThe article analyzes the scientific researches on definition of the concept and types of typical traces of criminal offenses and establishes that this topic is insufficiently investigated within the criminal offenses of pornographic facts. Accordingly, the purpose of this work is to analyze the scientific studies of typical traces of criminal offenses; study of the interdependence of typical traces of a criminal offense with other elements of forensic characteristics; determination of typical traces of criminal offenses on the facts of trafficking of pornographic objects.
In the practical activity of detecting, investigating and fixing typical traces of a criminal offense, it provides information about the person of the offender and how to commit the criminal offense. Therefore, this study can serve as a theoretical recommendation for dealing with typical traces of criminal offenses.
According to the results of the study, the interaction of the offender with the place of the criminal offense, tools and means, as well as the injured person leaves material and ideal traces, which in the detailed investigation, recording and analysis provide comprehensive information about the offense and the person who committed it. Typical traces of a criminal offense are trace information of a criminal offense, which manifests itself in changes in the material situation of the place of committing unlawful acts and the memory of people, and reflects how the offender committed the criminal offense, the tools and means used.
In addition, the typical traces of criminal offenses on the facts of trafficking of pornographic objects, as well as the methods of their forensic investigation and fixation are highlighted. The notion of typical traces as an element of forensic characteristics of the methodology of investigation of criminal offenses, as well as emphasized the presence of interdependence of typical traces of criminal offenses with other elements of criminalistic characteristics – a way of committing a criminal offense, the person of the offender, the offense.Розкрито поняття типових слідів як елементу криміналістичної характеристики методики розслідування кримінальних правопорушень, а також слідової картини цих правопорушень і механізму слідоутворення. Наголошено на наявності взаємозалежностей типових слідів кримінального правопорушення з іншими елементами криміналістичної характеристики – способом учинення кримінального правопорушення, особою правопорушника, обстановкою, знаряддями та засобами вчинення кримінального правопорушення. Виділено типові сліди кримінальних правопорушень за фактами обігу порнографічних предметів і методи їх криміналістичного дослідження і фіксації
Охорона та захист державного кордону як складова забезпечення національної безпеки України
Get PDFThe issues of borders and national foundations of state formation are of great importance in Ukraine. Ukraine is developing within the existing borders on the basis of use by the Ukrainian nation of its inalienable right for self-determination, provides the safeguard and protection of the national statehood of the Ukrainian people, and takes the lead on its territory. The inviolability of the territory of Ukraine within the existing borders implies the inviolability of these borders.
The aim of this article is to characterize the safeguard and protection of the state border of Ukraine as a component of ensuring of the national security of Ukraine.
The safeguard and protection of the state border are one of the important types of state activity.
They are of particular relevance and importance in modern conditions after the events of 2014 and subsequent years. Earlier, the issue was the safeguard of the state border of Ukraine within the framework of law enforcement activities, but today, the issues of safeguard and reliable protection of the state border, ensuring the security of the state border and cross-border security of Ukraine are considered as important components of the country’s security and defence.
In the scientific literature the content of governance in this area being considered differently. In particular, as a separate subsystem of public administration in the administrative and political sphere at the level with the management of state or military security and defence, components of national or internal security of Ukraine, etc. There is no single point of view on this matter in the theory of administrative law.
Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine, the content of the concepts of national and border security of Ukraine, scientific views, available in the theory of administrative law, the author concluded that the safeguard and protection of the state border ensure the safety of the state border of Ukraine and cross-border security of Ukraine. Cross-border security, in its turn, is an element (separate subsystem) of Ukraine\u27s national security.
Security of the state border – is protection of its inviolability and, accordingly, stability of its passing, designation, order of supply, crossing, maintenance, etc. Any violations of the state border regime must be decisively suppressed. Cross-border security – is a component of national security of Ukraine and provides security of the state border, protection of state sovereignty and territorial integrity of Ukraine within existing borders, other vital national interests of Ukraine from external and internal threats in the field of border activity (at the state border and cross-border space).На основі аналізу чинного законодавства України, наявних у теорії адміністративного права наукових поглядів щодо змісту понять охорони та захисту державного кордону, безпеки державного кордону, національної і прикордонної безпеки, сфер державного управління охарактеризовано управління у сфері охорони та захисту державного кордону України як підсистему у структурі адміністративно-політичної сфери державного управління та складову забезпечення національної безпеки України. Сформульовано авторські визначення понять «безпека державного кордону України» та «прикордонна безпека України»
Сторони акціонерного договору
Get PDFThe author of the article has studied the problem of determining the subjective aspect of a shareholders’ agreement. On the basis of the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and other countries, as well as the legal doctrine of corporate law, the author has concluded that exclusively shareholders of a particular company should be recognized as such persons, since they as the holders of subjective corporate rights, have the opportunity to exercise them in the manner determined by such an agreement.
Contracts between third-party entities and shareholders, where the latter undertake to exercise their corporate rights in shares, in accordance with the directions of third parties, can not be attributed to shareholders’ agreements because the subject matter and purpose of such agreements and shareholders’ agreements do not coincide. Accordingly, a joint-stock company and third parties (its credit grantors, persons who did not acquire shareholder’s status because of various reasons and other persons) can not be recognized as a party to such an agreement, since they are not holders of corporate rights.
The parties to a shareholders’ agreement conclude it because of corporate capacity, which is specific, characteristic for them as members of the joint-stock company. A shareholders’ agreement is an act of corporate legal capacity embodied in a contractual form. Therefore, only shareholders of a particular joint-stock company can conclude such an agreement. Contractual relationships are terminated in terms if one of the parties loses the respective obligation of such legal capacity, while the agreement itself remains valid for the parties that have retained the corporate legal capacity, unless otherwise expressly provided by it.Досліджено проблематику визначення суб’єктного складу акціонерного договору. На підставі аналізу законодавства України та інших країн, а також правової доктрини корпоративного права зроблено висновок, що такими особами слід визнавати виключно акціонерів конкретного товариства, оскільки саме вони як носії суб’єктивних корпоративних прав мають можливість їх здійснювати у визначеному таким договором порядку. Акціонерне товариство та треті особи (його кредитори, особи, які з різних причин не набули статусу акціонера, та інші особи) не можуть визнаватися стороною такого договору, оскільки не є носіями корпоративних прав
Нормативно-правове регулювання діяльності органів Національної поліції України щодо забезпечення здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань
Get PDFUnder the conditions set out in Part 2 of Art. 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine of the legal order in Ukraine, according to which state bodies to which the National Police of Ukraine belongs, their officials are obliged to act only on the basis, within the powers and in the manner provided by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, is usually an important issue regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of the bodies of the National Police of Ukraine on ensuring the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The article examines the legal acts, namely the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”, the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, as well as the departmental regulatory acts of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Head of the National Police of Ukraine regarding the right to exercise the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.
However, the norms of these acts are too general to organize and ensure the exercise of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly by the National Police of Ukraine. The author believes that the adoption of a separate law on peaceful assembly should be amended accordingly to the Law of Ukraine “On Citizens’ Appeals”, which regulates the authority of the National Police of Ukraine to respond to a message about the intention to exercise the right to peaceful assembly. In addition, the proposed amendments to the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police” will fill in the gaps in the legal regulation of the powers of the National Police of Ukraine to enforce the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.Виявлено прогалини законодавства щодо регулювання повноважень органів Національної поліції України, спрямованих на здійснення особами права на свободу мирних зібрань, що негативно позначається на правовому порядку в Україні, який ґрунтується на тому принципі, що органи державної влади, до яких належить Національна поліція України, та їх посадові особи зобов’язані діяти лише на підставі, в межах повноважень та у спосіб, передбачені Конституцією та законами України. Запропоновано низку змін до Закону України «Про Національну поліцію», які заповнять наявні прогалини законодавства у нормативно-правовому регулюванні діяльності Національної поліції України
Нормативно-правова регламентація та порядок притягнення до відповідальності посадових осіб за порушення права на доступ до публічної інформації
Get PDFThe article focuses on the violation of the right to public information’s access as a constituent of the constitutional right of a person and citizen to information. It is substantiated on the basis of received empirical data that in practice there are cases, where officials of public authorities, who are the stewards of public information, provide inaccurate / incomplete information, in connection with which there is a need for an adequate response to the offense. Attention is drawn to the fact that the provision of inaccurate information by public information’s stewards is one of the most complex problematic aspects for a number of reasons, in particular because of the complexity of verifying the information provided to the requester; the absence of possibility of proving intentionality in the actions of public information’s stewards; the complexity of the prosecution of authorized officials.
Failure to provide information, unlawful refusal to provide information, untimely or incomplete provision of information, provision of false information is qualified by the current legislation as an administrative offense, which has the effect of bringing to justice.
The legal regulation is revealed and the procedure for bringing officials to administrative liability for violations of the right to public information’s access is studied. The participation of the Verkhovna Rada Commissioner for Human Rights in this process is being researched.
It is concluded that, in practice, in regard to normative and legal regulation of the right to public information’s access, the main array of problematic aspects is concentrated mainly not in the legal part, but in the part of strict compliance with the requirements and provisions of the current legislation by the officials, who are the stewards of public information. The procedure for bringing to administrative liability for giving false / incomplete information is institutionally quite simple and effective. However, there is no need to mention that there is an objective need to do a thorough job on changing the approach and, above all, the attitude of public officials to the population; the need to develop and cultivate respect for the individual as the highest social value in the state and maintain a high flawless image, which, among other things, will help to restore public confidence in the state, its agencies and officials.Досліджено порушення права на доступ до публічної інформації як складової конституційного права людини і громадянина на інформацію. Аргументовано на основі отриманих емпіричних даних, що на практиці виникають випадки, в яких посадові особи органів державної влади, що є розпорядниками публічної інформації, надають недостовірну/неповну інформацію. Розкрито нормативно-правову регламентацію та досліджено порядок притягнення посадових осіб до адміністративної відповідальності за порушення права на доступ до публічної інформації; участь Уповноваженого Верховної Ради України з прав людини у цьому процесі
Юридична лінгвістика в правничій навчальній діяльності
Get PDFThe objective of the study is to provide characteristics to the state of academic discipline “Legal Linguistics” in Ukraine and in the countries of Romano-Germanic law, and its origin. To achieve the objective, the author has solved the following tasks: 1) description of the state of academic discipline “Legal Linguistics” in Ukrainian educational institutions; 2) “Legal Linguistics” as an academic discipline and as a research direction in the educational institutions of Germany and Switzerland and its importance for training a “European lawyer”.
It has been concluded that “Legal Linguistics” as an interdisciplinary academic discipline must be offered in the curriculum for training a lawyer in the specialty 081 “Jurisprudence” as an academic discipline of choice. The purpose of its study is to get acquainted with the main directions, ideas and problems of the current legal and linguistic science; studying theoretical and methodological principles of legal linguistics; mastering the methodology of drafting, editing and analysis of legal texts, namely normative and legal, various substatutory acts and law-enforcement documents. The tasks of the academic discipline are: students acquire in-depth knowledge, skills and abilities on the role of a language within legal regulation, the basics of legal technique, law-making and law-enforcement errors, specific features of linguistic examination of bills, mastering the methodology of drafting, editing and analysis of legal texts.
The training of a modern lawyer in Europe is increasingly directed not at the study of state legislation, but on the formation of a “European lawyer”, who thinks globally, is able to work not only with national law, but also with the acquis communautaire and to correctly interpret such acts, based on the provisions and conclusions of legal comparative studies. Training of law students in accordance with the European Credit Transfer System, which facilitates their mobility, assists in such a formation.Досліджено місце юридичної лінгвістики в правничій навчальній діяльності. Проаналізовано становище навчальної дисципліни «Юридична лінгвістика» в українських і зарубіжних ВНЗ. Акцентовано на тому, що «юридична (правнича) лінгвістика» як навчальна міждисциплінарна дисципліна має обов’язково пропонуватися в навчальних планах підготовки правника за спеціальністю 081 «Право» як вибіркова навчальна дисципліна
Кваліфіковане мовчання законодавця: проблема розпізнання
Get PDFThe problem of developing the ways of recognition of the qualified silence of the legislator has been studied. It has been stated that the “qualified silence of the legislator” is underdeveloped category of law, especially regarding the ways of recognizing such specific legislative silence within the norms of law. This problem has become more urgent due to the revival of case law in Ukraine on the application of the analogy of law and the analogy of legislation. While applying these techniques, overcoming the gaps of civil law, the courts often identify the relevant gaps of the legislation with the qualified silence of the legislator, which is a major shortcoming. Solution of this problem will allow the courts to better identify the qualified silence of the legislator in the law norms.
One of the methodological approaches in solving the problem of recognition of the legislator’s qualified silence and the gaps of the legislation is the extension of the relevant research tools. In contrast to the legal position existing in the legal doctrine, the author of the article has critically assessed the ability of systematic interpretation of the law norms to be a self-sufficient method of revealing the legislator’s qualified silence. In order to recognize the true qualified silence of the legislator, the author has offered to concentrate on explaining the legal policy that may be manifested in one or other cases of the legislator’s silent expression of will. At the same time, systematic, historical or doctrinal interpretation of legislation is of relative importance to the need for clarifying legal policy.
From the point of view of determining the degree of scientific novelty, the suggested approach has the nature of further development of doctrinal provisions. The author has noted on the necessity of further elaboration of the studied problems, in particular, in determining the location of each of the ways of recognizing the qualified silence of the legislator within the system of methods of interpretation of legal norms.Критично оцінено спроможність системного тлумачення норм права як самодостатнього методу виявлення кваліфікованого мовчання законодавця. З метою розпізнання дійсного кваліфікованого мовчання законодавця запропоновано концентруватися на з’ясуванні правової політики, яка може виявлятися в тих чи інших випадках мовчазного виявлення волі законодавцем. При цьому відносно потреби з’ясування правової політики історичне чи доктринарне тлумачення законодавства мають похідне значення