Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Сутність та зміст конкурентоспроможності працівників Національної поліції України
Get PDFIt has been stated that the current Labor Code of Ukraine is outdated, the content of some of its provisions does not correspond to modern economic and social realities. Besides, a significant number of problematic issues remain unresolved, for example in regard to ensuring the guarantees of competitiveness of individual employees, in particular those who work in public authorities (in our case – law enforcement agencies), where one of the most important is certainly the National Police of Ukraine. It has been proved that competitiveness is a characteristic of the modern labor market. There are subjective and objective factors that affect the competitiveness of the profession of the National Police officer at the labor market.
The following key conclusions have been formulated regarding the essence of the category of “competitiveness” in the context of the issues mentioned in the article: 1) competitiveness of an employee of the National Police of Ukraine is a set of professional characteristics of an employee that characterize his ability to effectively perform the tasks and responsibilities assigned to him to protect law and order and combat offenses, the realization of the relevant rights; 2) the competitiveness of the profession is a set of working conditions that makes this profession more attractive and prestigious among other professions at the labor market; 3) a competitive employee is an employee who, by his professional and moral and business qualities, best meets the requirements of the vacant position and has certain advantages over other employees; 4) competitive profession is a profession that is the most attractive among other professions at the labor market of Ukraine.
It has been generalized that the competitiveness of employees may depend on various objective and subjective factors. Objective ones include certain personal qualities of a person of physical and moral nature (age, intellectual development, gender, psycho-physiological state, communication skills, stress resistance, as well as other personal data that characterize the moral and physical stability of employees). In our opinion, subjective factors include the availability of higher specialized education, a high level of efficiency, initiative, continuous professional development, etc.Вивчено теоретичні підходи до змісту понять «конкуренція» та «конкурентоспроможність». Обґрунтовано, що конкуренція серед конкурентоспроможних працівників поліції під час зайняття тієї чи іншої посади дозволить досягти високого якісного рівня кадрового складу органів поліції. Узагальнено, що конкурентоспроможність працівника органів Національної поліції України – це сукупність його професійних характеристик, які характеризують його здатність до ефективного виконання покладених на нього завдань та обов’язків щодо охорони правопорядку й протидії правопорушенням і реалізації відповідних прав
Проблемні питання превентивної діяльності слідчого і дізнавача в законодавстві України та окремих зарубіжних країн
Get PDFThe author has carried out a comparative analysis of the normative provisions of the legislation of Ukraine and some foreign countries on preventive activities, in particular the regulation of tasks to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to the crime during the pre-trial investigation. The annual increase in the number of criminal offenses indicates the need to introduce the institution of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators into the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine. The scientific views of scholars have been studied and the own vision of the raised problems has been developed.
The issue of the essence of identifying the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of a criminal offense and its normative enshrinement in legislation at some historical stages of the development of our country and the world community has been studied.
Based on the analysis of theoretical developments of scholars on criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine and the practice of pre-trial investigation and inquiry of some post-Soviet countries on issues related to the research topic, the author has placed emphasis on the significant shortcomings of legal regulation of preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation.
The author has presented own point of view on the preventive activities of investigators and interrogators during the pre-trial investigation as one of the main tasks of such an investigation, in particular to identify the causes and conditions that contributed to criminal offenses and take necessary and effective measures to eliminate them through the appropriate agencies and their chiefs, which is offered to be enshrined in the current Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine and the departmental regulatory base.Досліджено запровадження механізму реалізації запобіжної діяльності слідчого і дізнавача в досудовому розслідуванні. Здійснено порівняльний аналіз положень чинного КПК України і попереднього КПК України 1960 р. та аналогічних кодексів деяких окремих держав стосовно форми запобігання кримінальним правопорушенням під час розслідування кримінального провадження. Сформульовано пропозиції та рекомендації щодо внесення змін у чинне кримінальне процесуальне законодавство України
Нові напрями розвитку медіації в Україні
Get PDFThe rapid development of public relations in view of the spread of the new disease and acute crisis has an impact on all social institutions without exception. Mediation is no exception, so the current subject of the research is the analysis of new areas of the development of the social and legal institution of mediation in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to identify new areas of mediation development in Ukraine, taking into account the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the most important areas of public life. In accordance with the purpose, the following tasks are formulated: to research the features of mediation in the field of health care; to study the development of online mediation; to study the features of school mediation as a mean of combating bullying. The research was based on a forecasting method to determine the perspectives for the use of mediation to resolve acute social conflicts.
New directions of mediation development in Ukraine have been studied in view of the COVID-19 pandemic and the caused social, political and economic crisis. New challenges of today are considered, where mediation should become an effective tool: a growing number of medical and family disputes, combating domestic violence, combating bullying (school mediation). The slow process of institutionalization of mediation hinders its accessibility, so online mediation may be a new direction of its development in Ukraine. The need to create legislation on mediation remains relevant, which should provide regulations on mediation on the Internet. Modern mediators must adapt new requirements of their activities: to acquire new knowledge (in particular, in the field of medicine as the most perspective area) and use the Internet space for mediation. School mediation should be further promoted and understanding services should be encouraged to prevent violence among children.Досліджено нові напрямки розвитку медіації в Україні з огляду на пандемію COVID-19 та соціальні, політичні й економічні кризові явища, які вона спричинила. Розглянуто нові виклики сучасності, де медіація повинна стати дієвим інструментом, як-от зростаюча кількість медичних і сімейних спорів, протидія домашньому насильству і протидія булінгу (шкільна медіація). Уповільнений процес інституалізації медіації перешкоджає її доступності, тому новим напрямком її розвитку в Україні визначено онлайн-медіацію
Класифікація органів виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні
Get PDFAs a result of the conducted scientific research the range of executive agencies in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activity in Ukraine has been established. The latter are not individually represented in the mechanism of the state apparatus. Nowadays they include: the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, the Ministry of Strategic Industries of Ukraine, the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine, the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the Ministry of Protecting Environment and Natural Resources of Ukraine, the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the Council of Ministers of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and local state administrations.
It has been established that the latter are represented at all levels of executive power: higher, central and local. Some of them are agencies of general competence, while others are sectoral. Most of them are presented in the form of single-governing agencies; some are presented in the form of collegial ones. It has been additionally determined that the executive authorities in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activities in Ukraine are part of the group of governing agencies of social development and culture. The author has offered own classification of executive agencies in the field of scientific, scientific and technical activity in Ukraine depending on whether the function of management of the field of science and technology is basic or optional for them. According to this criterion, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine is assigned to the first category, all others – to the second group.У результаті дослідження встановлено коло органів виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні. Надано їх класифікацію відповідно до класифікації органів виконавчої влади в цілому. Визначено, що органи виконавчої влади у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні входять до групи органів управління соціальним розвитком і культурою. Вони представлені на всіх рівнях виконавчої влади: вищому, центральному та місцевому
Проблемні питання співвідношення кримінального і кримінального процесуального законодавства при застосуванні примусових заходів медичного характеру
Get PDFThe author of the article proves that the possibility for a court to apply coercive medical measures to an insane person who has committed a socially dangerous act is regulated by the norms of the law on criminal liability and the provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine. Their implementation is carried out in the interaction of substantive and procedural law, in particular in certain forms of criminal liability and in measures that are not covered by criminal liability, but are called criminal coercion, and is resolved through individual procedural institutions. The scientific positions of certain scholars and representatives of scientific schools on these issues were studied. On their basis the author expressed a number of own conclusions on problematic and debatable areas and issues raised in the article. Based on the results, the author of the article made some conclusions about the application of coercive medical measures: establishing the fact of committing a criminal offense by a specific person; after a forensic psychiatric examination to determine that such a person is mentally ill and according to its results cannot be sane; such a person is socially dangerous to society and must be isolated for the period of involuntary treatment. In the absence of at least one of the elements of the specified structure, coercive medical measures cannot be applied. The author made generalization, based on the initial provision that the main component of criminal liability is the conviction of a person, the adoption of a court conviction, which provides a legal assessment of the act and the specific person who committed it. Comparison of the current criminal and criminal procedural legislation provides an opportunity to assess coercive medical measures by coercive measures of a criminal law nature, as those used in criminal law relations against persons who committed a socially dangerous act, are ill with certain types of mental illness at the moment of the commission of a crime. The tendency of modern development of the direction in criminal law about delimitation of concepts and essence of "release of the person from criminal liability" and "punishment" from "exclusion of such responsibility" and existence and allocation at the same time of other direction - "criminal coercion" is distinguished. At the same time, the conclusions concerning persons who fell ill with a mental illness after the commission of a crime or while serving a sentence in places of imprisonment that relate to the procedural mechanism of temporary suspension of the imposed criminal punishment, were singled out. The results of the study of criminal and criminal procedural legislation on the application of coercive medical measures confirm and present the mechanism of interaction and implementation of substantive and procedural legislation to ensure the objectives of criminal proceedings under the Art. 1 of the Criminal Code and the Art. 2 of the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine.Доведено, що можливість застосування судом примусових заходів медичного характеру до неосудної особи, яка вчинила суспільно небезпечне діяння, регулюється нормами закону про кримінальну відповідальність і положеннями кримінального процесуального законодавства України. Їх реалізація здійснюється у взаємодії матеріального і процесуального права, зокрема у певних формах кримінальної відповідальності та у заходах, що кримінальною відповідальністю не охоплюються, а йменуються кримінально-правовим примусом, а також забезпечується за допомогою окремих процесуальних інститутів. Досліджено наукові позиції окремих учених та представників наукових шкіл із зазначених питань, на підставі яких надано низку власних висновків щодо порушених проблем
Українсько-російські взаємовідносини в 1917–1918 роках: уроки історії
Get PDFThe author has carried out a comparative analysis of Ukrainian-Russian relationship between the days of the Ukrainian Central Rada and the modern period. The character and ideological basis of stable tendencies in Russia’s policy towards Ukraine have been demonstrated. The similarity in the approaches of the Russian central government to the so-called “solution of the Ukrainian issue” has been determined; the essence of Russian chauvinism in understanding the right of nations to self-determination has been demonstrated. The causes and consequences of the war between Soviet Russia and the Ukrainian People’s Republic have been analyzed. The author has determined the main significant, fateful mistakes of the leaders of the Central Rada within relations with the People’s Commissar of Russia, which led to the loss of authority and support of the Ukrainian people for national power and, as a consequence, the collapse of the Ukrainian People’s Republic. The nature and essence of the ideology of the so-called “Russian world” have been revealed. It has been concluded that the history of Ukrainian statehood in 1917-1918 is instructive in many aspects, since it shows that one of the main reasons for the defeat of the Ukrainian Central Rada, which ultimately failed to defend the Ukrainian People’s Republic, was the lack of necessary consolidation of national political forces in solving urgent state affairs (creation and development of own army, timely solution of social, economic problems, efficiency of work of legislative and executive agencies, etc.). It has been noted that the challenges currently facing the Ukrainian state – Russia’s annexation of Crimea, the invasion of its troops in the East, the information war, the propaganda of the so-called “Russian world”, etc. – are not new. In many ways, they repeat what happened in 1917-1918. In particular, the proclamation of puppet pseudo-republics “DNR” and “LNR” in the East of Ukraine, through which Russian troops de facto launched the war against Ukraine. That is why modern Ukrainian politicians need to learn the lessons from the past. Nowadays, when Ukraine is defending its independence from Russia, Ukrainian statesmen and politicians must abandon their narrow party and self-interests and work together to protect national achievements from the encroachments of the “Russian world”, the most important of which is the state of Ukraine.Проведено порівняльний аналіз українсько-російських взаємовідносин доби Української Центральної Ради та сучасного періоду. Показано характер та ідеологічне підґрунтя стійких тенденцій у політиці Росії стосовно України. Визначено схожість у підходах російської центральної влади до так званого вирішення українського питання. Показано сутність російського шовінізму в розумінні права націй на самовизначення
Загальнотеоретична характеристика інституту дисциплінарної відповідальності у трудовому праві
Get PDFIt has been specified that disciplinary liability should be understood as the employee’s obligation to stand surety to the employer, who is endowed with the disciplinary authority, for his violation of labor discipline in the form of non-performance or improper performance of his labor duties due to the employee and as the result, bear negative consequences provided by labor law.
It has been substantiated that the purpose of disciplinary liability has two aspects: the first is to ensure proper discipline in order to ensure the further effective functioning of the enterprise (organization, institution, etc.), and therefore its presence is an important preventive measure of disciplinary offenses’ commission. The second aspect is to apply negative measures to the offender, which, in turn, allows to restore the violated labor (including official) rights, to avoid the negative consequences of the offense and to educate the employee in the spirit of legality and discipline.
The main tasks of disciplinary liability include: to ensure the compliance with labor discipline by each employee in performing their duties; to create comfortable working conditions for each employee (state official); to create a favorable, friendly atmosphere in the team; to punish the employee who committed a disciplinary offense; to prevent situations, when an employee may commit a disciplinary offense.
It has been argued that the functions of disciplinary liability are: educational, punitive, protective, stimulating, renewing, informative, preventive and staffing.
It has been generalized that the essence and content of disciplinary liability as an institution of labor law are as follows: first of all, despite the fact that disciplinary liability, is although a kind of legal liability, it has its own characteristics inherent in labor law; secondly, the employer is not obliged to apply penalties to the violator of labor discipline, such application is his right; thirdly, the employee, in turn, is responsible to the employer and not to the state for non-compliance with labor discipline, i.e. for culpable improper performance of obligations imposed by the employment contract.На підставі аналізу поглядів учених щодо тлумачення понять «дисципліна» та «дисципліна праці» запропоновано авторське визначення дисциплінарної відповідальності у трудовому праві. Обґрунтовано, що мета дисциплінарної відповідальності має два аспекти: перший полягає у забезпеченні належної дисципліни праці для подальшого забезпечення ефективного функціонування підприємства, другий – у застосуванні до порушника негативних заходів, що, у свою чергу, дозволяє поновлювати порушені трудові (в тому числі й службові) права. Відповідно до мети сформульовано завдання дисциплінарної відповідальності
Заходи протидії домашньому насильству, вчиненому дітьми: проблемні аспекти
Get PDFThe problem of domestic violence is quite urgent in our country. Domestic violence is a heavy burden both for the victim and for society in the whole. Typically, the most vulnerable family members who suffer from domestic violence are women, children and the elderly, and the perpetrators are most often men. But a child can also commit domestic violence, as evidenced by the legal definition of the term of “a child- abuser”. However, this phenomenon is insufficiently studied and is rarely discussed by Ukrainian scholars.
The purpose of this article is to study measures to combat domestic violence committed by children by analyzing the current legislation of Ukraine in the field of preventing and combating domestic violence and gender-based violence.
The author has analyzed the definition of the term of “a child-abuser” enshrined in the law. On this basis it has been concluded that a child of any age can be an abuser. It has been established that children most often commit domestic violence in psychological, physical and economic forms.
The emphasis has been placed on the inexpediency of bringing parents or persons replacing them to administrative liability under Part 3 of the Art. 184 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses in cases, when their child, who has not reached the age of administrative liability, is the offender, and his victim is a father (mother) or a person who replaces them.
The author has analyzed the algorithm of actions, according to which the police now act in case of detection of facts of domestic violence by a child under the age of sixteen.
It has been found out that the legislation does not set the age from which such a special measure to combat domestic violence is allowed to be taken as an urgent prohibition, which is the basis for taking a child-abuser for preventive registration by juvenile prevention units. It has been noted that the settlement of this issue will allow us to make informed decisions on the registration or non-registration of a child-abuser who has not reached the age of sixteen and has committed domestic violence against parents, which will further affect the determination of the subject of individual prevention.Проаналізовано положення нормативно-правових актів, присвячених заходам протидії домашньому насильству, вчиненому дітьми. Установлено ключові проблеми реалізації таких заходів і запропоновано шляхи їх вирішення. Розкрито зміст процедур здійснення профілактичної діяльності, спрямованої на запобігання вчиненню дітьми домашнього насильства, в аспекті взаємодії суб’єктів, які здійснюють заходи у сфері запобігання та протидії домашньому насильству і насильству за ознакою статі
Захист прав клієнтів у процесі мікрокредитуванні
Get PDFThe author has analyzed the role and significance of overdraft for microcredit of the needs of the poor in the conditions of economic crisis and low wages. The positive and negative aspects of overdraft in the context of integration of the country’s financial system into the world community have been clarified. Inconsistency of normative provisions of legislative acts reduces the efficiency of the banking sector of the economy. Bank managers resort to abuse, do not fully explain the terms of microcredit, and do not create conditions for the management of balances and control over them. Customer complaints are considered formally, without their participation. Using the trust of the client, bank managers offer a variety of services in order to receive commissions. The business reputation of a bank employee depends on the amount and amount of funds attracted by the client, but not on the quality of services. It has been offered to strengthen state control over the activities of the banking sector, as well as to increase the legal awareness of young people in the process of using financial services of foreign and domestic banks and credit institutions.З’ясовано негативні сторони овердрафту в процесі оформлення та обслуговування клієнтів. Менеджери банків удаються до зловживань, не пояснюють досконало умови мікрокредитування, а також не створюють умов для управління залишками коштів і контролю за ними. Скарги клієнтів розглядаються формально, без їхньої участі. Користуючись довірою клієнта, менеджери банків пропонують різноманітні послуги з метою отримання комісійних. Запропоновано посилити державний контроль за діяльністю банківського сектора
Обстановка вчинення злочинів у банківській сфері: нормативно-правовий аспект
Get PDFThe historical way of the development of banking business and the state of its legislative provision, which had an impact on criminal behavior in this area, has been studied. It has been noticed that the responsible officials of banking institutions, due to their high level of education, skillfully used gaps or contradictions in the legislation for the useful purposes of illegal enrichment. They quickly adapt to amendments in normative and legal regulation and invent new schemes of criminal technology.
The key factors in the situation of committing crimes in the presented area are: search for opportunities for criminal enrichment by using existing powers; conspiracy of officials of commercial banks with representatives of supervisory agencies (curators from some units of the National Bank of UKraine) in order to cover up criminal activity; development of a plan of financial fraud with representatives of commercial organizations in order to steal the entrusted funds and their further legalization. Typically, such criminal “associations” try to have long-term relationships under the guise of corrupt relations with supervisors and banking secrecy in order to systematically generate illicit proceeds. In case of the risk of detecting criminal schemes, the banking institution may be brought to bankruptcy, which is used as the method to hide traces of criminal activity.
Analysis of the impact of regulatory factor in the context of committing economic crimes in the banking sector is a perspective and relevant area of further research. In this regard, the development of the doctrine of forensic forecasting in conditions of instability of processes in the economy in its individual segments (lending, currency regulation), weak control over the conduct and accounting of banking transactions, etc. is of great importance.
Equally important is the development of cooperation between law enforcement agencies involved in the fight against crime in the banking sector, with the units of the National Bank, the State Fiscal Service and financial monitoring; the improvement of the methodology of conducting certain types of examinations, etc. Provisions for such cooperation are enshrined in law and are in force, but some need to be revised in the light of central government reforms.Проведено криміналістичний аналіз впливу зовнішніх умов на механізм учинення економічних злочинів у банківській сфері. Зокрема, детально розглянуто нормативно-правовий фактор обстановки вчинення злочинів, який впливає на вибір способу здійснення зловживань, приховання слідів протиправної діяльності та особливості проведення розслідування і призначення різного роду експертиз. Зроблено висновок, що прогалини або недоліки в законодавстві, що регулює банківську сферу та регламентує роботу правоохоронних, контролюючих органів і експертних служб, уміло використовуються посадовими особами комерційних банків та підрозділів Національного банку України