Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Стратегія кадрової політики Національної поліції України у контексті оновлення адміністративно-правових засад захисту прав і свобод людини
Get PDFThe author of the article presents the results of the legal and scientific researches analysis of the personnel policy strategy of the National Police of Ukraine in the context of updating administrative and legal principles of protecting human rights and freedoms.
The modern challenges and directions of the personnel policy of the National Police of Ukraine in the conditions of social conflicts escalation are determined. It is stated that the improvement of the personnel policy of the National Police in all stages of its hierarchical structure and all its units has recently influenced, first of all, on the administrative and legal status of this state structure, focusing its activities on human rights and freedoms protection as a general state priority.
The concept of “personnel policy” of the National Police of Ukraine is considered as a multidimensional process. It is focused on the implementation of legislative, organizational, administrative, research and other bases for the implementation of the main developing issue of the National Police and its structures; the regulation of procedures of structural units functioning and the police department competencies; defining the tasks, functions, rights, and responsibilities of personnel, as well as the responsibility level of police officers. It is determined that the personnel policy of the National Police is implemented through the totality of social functions of governmental institutions and determines the ways and means of provided reforms and the professionalism of their implementation. It is an important factor of the state integrity strengthening and the element of state regulation of the population lives and strategically determined by the general mission of the National Police. It involves promoting the implementation of state policy in the field of combating crime and ensuring public order, the realization of human rights and freedoms, interests of society and the state, the maintenance of public safety and the provision of services to persons in need within the limits of legislation.
It is characterized by the general requirements for the competencies, functions, rights, and responsibilities of the personnel, as well as the responsibility level of police officers. According to the modern legislation, the National Police, as well as its separate units should be transparent in their actions, open enough for external control, including public control, its staff should be able to meet the needs of all segments of the population and structures of society in legal protection and maintaining security.
It is proved that the ethical principles of the police officers’ activities are determined by the priority in serving the needs of individual citizens and society in the whole, by close cooperation and interaction with the population, territorial communities and public associations based on partnership and aimed at satisfying their needs, following the current legislation of Ukraine.
It is determined that the perspective direction of the studied issue is the development of innovative methods and forms of training and advanced training of personnel capable to meet the professional requirements and ethical standards of policing.У статті наведено результати аналізу нормативно-правової бази та наукових досліджень щодо стратегії кадрової політики Національної поліції України у контексті оновлення адміністративно-правових засад захисту прав і свобод людини. Висвітлено сучасні виклики й орієнтири кадрової політики Національної поліції України в умовах загострення соціальних конфліктів; розкрито сутність поняття «кадрова політика Національної поліції України»; визначено загальні вимоги до компетенцій, повноважень та обов’язків кадрового складу, схарактеризовано основи професійно-етичної поведінки працівників поліцейських підрозділів
Відступне в європейському законодавстві
Get PDFSince the current contractual practice demonstrates the active use of settlement and release construction by the parties of civil legal relations as one of the most flexible instruments of termination of an obligation, the issue of ensuring unity in the interpretation and practice of this legal institution remains relevant. The subject matter of this study is the norms of civil law of different Member States of the European Union, and the purpose is the study of the conceptual approaches of other states to the legislative consolidation of settlement and release structure, its recognition as one of the ways to terminate the obligation and specific features of the interpretation and application of this institution that will make it possible to enlarge the view on the essence and role of settlement and release within the system of grounds for the termination of civil obligation and national contractual practice.
The comparative and legal method was chosen as the main method of scientific research, due to which the author characterizes the main elements, purpose and essential features of legal constructions in civil law of other states, which are similar to the institution of settlement and release in Ukraine; the author pays attention to distinctive technical and legal peculiarities of civil legislation of some EU countries.
According to the results of the conducted research the author has established that civil legislation of the most European countries does not enshrine settlement and release as the institution of obligation law and does not recognize it as an independent method to terminate the obligation. At the same time, the codified acts of some states contain certain legal norms, which provide for cases of transferring a certain good by the debtor to the creditor instead of fulfillment of an obligation, as well as enshrine legal institutions that act as settlement and release.
The significance and practical significance of the paper is that the conducted study reveals new directions for further research, demonstrates the relevance and need for a more detailed and comprehensive analysis of the content and legal features of settlement and release, its importance and role in national contractual practice, as well as in the practice of other states.Стаття є оригінальною науковою роботою, в якій проаналізовано концептуальні підходи європейських держав до визнання та закріплення в цивільному законодавстві відступного як самостійної підстави припинення зобов’язання. Здійснено аналіз нормативного регулювання питань припинення зобов’язань у різних країнах – членах Європейського Союзу, визначено особливості тлумачення та застосування правових конструкцій, які є подібними до інституту відступного в Україні
Особливості використання міжнародно-правових стандартів у сфері забезпечення прав осіб, засуджених до позбавлення волі в Україні
Get PDFIt is established that international standards in the field of human rights are developed by international organizations and institutions, specified in the process of law enforcement of international judicial agencies, and subsequently applied in certain national systems, directly influencing the development of legislation and national practice of protecting the convicts. It is noted that international standards for ensuring the rights of persons sentenced to imprisonment define the mandatory or recommended for states normative minimum legal status of a convict, including his legal protection and the relevant legalities and responsibilities of state agencies and officials. The content and characteristic features of international legal standards in the field of human rights are determined. The main forms of using international legal norms, principles, rules and recommendations on the legal status of persons sentenced to imprisonment in the national legislation of Ukraine are highlighted; their content is analyzed. It is emphasized that the practical solution to the problem of application of international standards of convicts’ treatment in the penitentiary system of Ukraine, in particular, provides: prevention of prohibited methods of treatment of convicts that degrade their human dignity; ensuring the legality of the activities of the staff of penitentiary institutions and agencies; bringing the conditions of detention of convicts into compliance, providing proper medical care, general education and vocational training of convicts, etc.; creation of an effective system of resocialization and social adaptation of convicts; expansion of public control over the observance of the rights of convicts while serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment.Установлено, що міжнародні стандарти в галузі прав людини розробляються міжнародними організаціями й інститутами, конкретизуються в процесі правозастосування міжнародних судових органів, а згодом застосовуються в окремих внутрішньодержавних системах, безпосередньо впливаючи на розвиток законодавства і національної практики захисту прав засуджених осіб. Зазначено, що міжнародні стандарти забезпечення прав осіб, засуджених до позбавлення волі, визначають обов’язковий або рекомендований для держав нормативний мінімум правового статусу засудженого, в тому числі його юридичний захист і відповідні правочинності й обов’язки державних органів і посадових осіб
Запровадження проєкту «Поліцейський офіцер громади»: реальні дії з наближення поліцейського сервісу до людей (на прикладі Харківської області)
Get PDFThe author has studied the issue of further approach of the police service to the people – members of the united territorial community. The emphasis has been placed on the need to take further steps to strengthen partnership between the police and community members. Special attention has been paid to the important role of the National Police in the process of implementing the decentralization, taking measures to ensure public order and security in the territories of united communities, taking into account the views, positions and recommendations of residents of united territorial communities, the importance of interaction between community police officers and the population. The author has highlighted the importance of the pilot project “Community Police Officer” to further increase of public confidence in the police. The author has suggested appropriate measures for more effective promotion of this project, in particular: to initiate for the Department of the National Police of Ukraine to take measures aimed at creating a legal base that can ensure the effective operation of community police officers according to the legal point of view, as well as their interaction with other law enforcement agencies, introducing relevant amendments into existing regulatory documents; to prepare propositions in regard to these provisions; to develop routes and time of foot patrol by community police officers of the assigned territory, taking into account the analysis of street offenses, the location of places visited by a significant number of residents of the united territorial communities and other features of a particular united community; to make propositions for the creation of a “basic” united territorial communities in Kharkiv oblast, in terms of community police officers’ activities, to initiate and provide assistance to the Department of Preventive Activities of the Main Directorate of the National Police in Kharkiv oblast in organizing and conducting practical classes with this category of employees with visiting the specified united territorial communities; to introduce training of community police officers on the basis of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, to prepare appropriate educational and methodical material; to improve the work of community police officers to ensure effective exchange of information, opportunities to quickly make decisions in case of complications, create an Internet group in the application “Telegram”, which should include police officers working within the pilot project “Community Police Officer”.Розглянуто питання щодо подальшого наближення поліцейського сервісу до людей – членів об’єднаної територіальної громади. Акцентовано увагу на необхідності здійснення подальших кроків, спрямованих на зміцнення партнерських відносин поліції та членів громади. Звернено увагу на важливу роль Національної поліції у процесі впровадження децентралізації, вжиття заходів із забезпечення публічного порядку і безпеки на територіях об’єднаних громад, урахування в цій роботі думок, позиції та рекомендацій мешканців об’єднаних територіальних громад, значення взаємодії поліцейських офіцерів громади і населення. Висвітлено значення пілотного проєкту «Поліцейський офіцер громади» для подальшого підвищення рівня довіри населення до поліції. Запропоновано відповідні заходи щодо більш ефективного просування проєкту «Поліцейський офіцер громади»
Способи вбивств заручника або викраденої людини
Get PDFScientific opinions, as well as forensic and investigative practice on the peculiarities of the method of killing hostages or kidnapped persons have been analyzed. The content of the structure of murder methods within the system of forensic characteristics of crimes against human life and health has been revealed. The author has analyzed the essence and has revealed the concept of the method of killing hostages or kidnapped persons; the author has also analyzed its main elements.
Based on the research, the author has offered to define the method of killing hostages or kidnapped persons as a set of techniques and interrelated actions (active or passive) of a person committing a crime aimed at committing a criminal act, consisting of a set of forensic elements that assist the fastest investigation of a crime.
It has been established that currently this issue is not fully revealed. Previously, the methods of murder within the forensic aspect as general principles of crimes against life and health of a person have been repeatedly studied, but the issue about the methods of killing hostages or kidnapped persons has not been sufficiently covered in domestic science. The concept and structure of the methods of killing hostages or kidnapped persons are also insufficiently studied. The content of forensic elements of the methods of killing hostages or kidnapped persons has been revealed: 1) preparation for hostage-taking or kidnapping; 2) hostage-taking or kidnapping; 3) preparation for the murder of a hostage or a kidnapped person; 4) committing the murder of a hostage or a kidnapped person; 5) concealment of the murder of a hostage or a kidnapped person.Вивчено основні дослідження наукової літератури та практику органів досудового слідства щодо способів убивств заручника або викраденої людини. Проаналізовано наукові думки, які розкривають поняття «спосіб убивств заручника або викраденої людини», визначено конкретну структуру способів убивств заручників та викраденої людини
Проблема єдності та диференціації внутрішнього трудового розпорядку
Get PDFThe author of the article, based on the analysis of scientific views of scholars and current legislation, considers the problem of unity and differentiation of internal labor regulations. It is established that the unity of internal labor regulations is that the requirements for the organization of the labor process are applied to all employees regardless of (a) form of ownership and management, type of activity and industry affiliation of enterprises, institutions or organizations, (b) type and form of employment contract, (c) circumstances that characterize the identity of the employee and the work performed by him, etc. Differentiation of internal labor regulations is objectively due to the development of social organization of labor, the division of labor in industries, varying degrees of mechanization, the presence of harmful and dangerous working conditions, involving employees who need special protection from harmful factors (women, minors, disabled, etc.). Different categories of employees have different opportunities, work in different conditions, and therefore one of the tasks of labor law in the organization of the labor process is to adapt the general rules to these different categories of employees to ensure the compliance with the principle of equality of rights and responsibilities. Differentiation improves the process of legal regulation, increases its efficiency contributing to the coverage of heterogeneous relations and penetration into their essence.
Just as the unity of internal labor regulations cannot exist without differentiation, so the differentiation of such regulations loses its meaning without its unity. These two categories cannot be opposed, because differentiation promotes unity, and unity creates the conditions for differentiation in the regulation of the labor process. This approach is important for building the system of labor law, the correct application of labor legislation and determining the perspectives for its development. In order to ensure the appropriate level of labor discipline, rational use of working time, improving the quality and productivity of labor by creating the necessary conditions for normal high-performance work, conscious and conscientious performance of their duties, employees must develop and approve sectoral internal regulations; and if for the public sector of the economy they should be given the status of mandatory, then for the non-state sector they should be exemplary.Спираючись на аналіз наукових поглядів вчених і норм чинного законодавства, розглянуто проблему єдності та диференціації внутрішнього трудового розпорядку. Установлено, що як єдність внутрішнього трудового розпорядку не може існувати без диференціації, так і диференціація такого розпорядку втрачає зміст без його єдності. Ці дві категорії не можна протиставляти, бо диференціація сприяє єдності, а єдність створює умови для диференціації під час регулювання процесу праці
Особливості здійснення представництва в цивільному процесі
Get PDFThe thesis was devoted to the research of the peculiarities of representation in the civil process. The main objective of this thesis is the determination of the peculiarities of legal adjusting for the representation in the civil process. Methodological basis of the thesis consisted of such methods as: formal-logical, system analysis, dialectical and hermeneutical. The relevance of this thesis is evidenced in particular by there that was disclosed such facts as: the content of the institute of representation in civil law and civil process doctrine; the circle of persons who can be representatives in civil procedure. It was made a systematic analysis of the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code (CPC) of Ukraine on the subject of the implementation of the representation of individuals in civil proceedings. There were investigated the problems of restricting the circle of persons who can be representatives in civil proceedings. The analysis of standing and its confirmation by various persons who can carry out representation in civil proceedings was done. According to the results of the research, it was established that modern CPC of Ukraine does not determine the essence of relations between representatives and persons whose interests they realize. The mainstreaming and law-governing influence is mainly related to the legal personality of the representatives, their procedural status. It was also determined the range of duties and rights of representatives within the civil legal process. In addition, it was proved that the modern CPC of Ukraine is being introduced in the state, in fact, a monopoly on the representation of the parties by a lawyer in the courts, in the civil process, but leaves the possibility of realizing the relations of representation between an individual and another person who does not have the lawyer status, who ruled only in, such cold as, minor affairs. Thus, the practical significance of the conclusions reached was aimed primarily at the theoretical and methodological plane to continue the reform of the institution of representation in the civil process, as well as in the practical activities of representatives in the context of expanding the opportunities for individuals to exercise their procedure’s rights.Розкрито зміст інституту представництва в цивільно-правовій доктрині та доктрині цивільного процесу. Визначено коло осіб, які можуть бути представниками в цивільному процесі. Проведено системний аналіз положень Цивільного процесуального кодексу України на предмет особливості здійснення представництва фізичних осіб у цивільному процесі. Досліджено проблеми обмеження кола осіб, які можуть бути представниками в цивільному процесі. Проаналізовано процесуальну правоздатність та її підтвердження різними особами, які можуть здійснювати представництво в цивільному процесі
Форми здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань
Get PDFIt has been grounded that the right to freedom of peaceful assembly is a unique right that unites the right and freedom of its realization. The realization of this right by some subjects, as well as the obligation of public administration subjects to create conditions for the unimpeded realization of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly require an understanding of the outer shell (form) of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly.
Forms of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly have been studied. It has been substantiated that the realization of this right is not limited to the constitutionally prescribed forms, namely meetings, rallies, marches and demonstrations. Much more forms of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly are contained in subordinate regulatory acts. The legal order in Ukraine, based on a generally acceptable type of legal regulation, reveals a number of new forms, which in their essence are forms of realizing the right to peaceful assembly.
On the basis of the analysis of the current legislation and the current legal doctrine, the author has formulated classification features and has conducted classification of the forms of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly. The classification is based on such features as normative and legal certainty (constitutional, normatively defined forms and others), involvement of participants (internal and external forms), mobility (static and dynamic forms), isolation of participants (closed and open forms), venue (gatherings held indoors or outdoors), sphere of interests’ realization (political, social, economic, cultural, sports, etc.).
It has been summarized that the forms of realizing the right to freedom of peaceful assembly make it possible to understand the purpose pursued by the subject of realizing this right, and the place of holding a peaceful assembly significantly influences the further mechanism of ensuring its realization, since the combination of the form and content of the right to freedom of peaceful assembly makes it possible to understand the true essence of this right, as well as to adjust measures to ensure its realization in order to create optimal conditions not only for the realization of this right, but also to prevent its abuse. Thus, they guarantee the rights, freedoms and interests of the rest of the population.Досліджено форми здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань. Обґрунтовано, що здійснення цього права не вичерпується конституційно встановленими формами як-то збори, мітинги, походи та демонстрації. На підставі аналізу чинного законодавства сформульовано класифікаційні ознаки та прокласифіковано форми здійснення права на свободу мирних зібрань
Адміністративно-правові засади визначення правового режиму використання лісових ресурсів як важливого компоненту природоохоронного комплексу України
Get PDFThe author has studied the concept and content of the legal regime in the general sense and through the prism of the sphere of research of the forestry fund of Ukraine.
The elements and features of the legal regime of forestry resources of general and special purpose have been characterized. The author has offered own definition of the concept of “legal regime of the forestry fund”.
It has been emphasized that the effective protection of the forestry fund as an important component of the country’s nature-oriented complex depends directly on the proper implementation of the norms of the legislation regulating the relations concerning the use and protection of forestry resources, compliance of these norms with the provisions of European legislation and time requirements, as well as on the systematic exercise of state control over the area of use and protection of forestry resources.
It has been concluded that it is necessary to improve administrative and legal principles of the use (protection) of the forestry fund objects of the proper legal regulation of relations in this sphere by developing and adopting the Law of Ukraine “On the Forestry Fund of Ukraine”, codification of the forest legislation of Ukraine, systematic review and introduction of relevant amendments to the Forest Code of Ukraine, updating the legal status of the forestry authorities in regard to ensuring the legal regime of the forestry fund.
The author considers the scientific development of issues concerning the elaboration of the issues on improving the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the legal regime for offenses in the field of use and protection of forestry resources in Ukraine in the context of the implementation of European law into Ukrainian legislation as a perspective direction for further research.Розглянуто зміст і значення правового режиму крізь призму сфери дослідження лісового фонду України, запропоновано визначення поняття правового режиму лісового фонду. Зазначено, що ефективне збереження лісового фонду як важливого компонента природоохоронного комплексу України безпосередньо залежить від належної реалізації норм законодавства, яке регламентує відносини щодо використання й охорони лісових ресурсів, його відповідності цих норм положенням європейського законодавства та вимогам часу, а також від систематичності здійснення державного контролю за сферою використання та відновлення лісових ресурсів. Зроблено висновок про необхідність удосконалення адміністративно-правових засад використання (охорони) об’єктів лісового фонду та належної правової регламентації відносин у цій сфері шляхом розробки й ухвалення Закону України «Про лісовий фонд України» та кодифікації лісового законодавства України
Історико-правові особливості розвитку юридичної (правничої) освіти в 30–40-х роках XX століття
Get PDFHistorical and legal features for the development of legal (law) education in the pre-war period on the territory of modern Ukraine, as well as the state of regulatory provision of the educational process in higher educational institutions have been studied. The genesis of Ukrainian legal education has been analyzed and the state of training of legal personnel for state authorities has been characterized. Some features of the University education system and unification policy of the Soviet government have been highlighted. The disadvantages and advantages of the development of legal education in the studied period have been outlined.
It has been substantiated that on the eve of the Second World War there was the system of University legal education in Ukraine, which emerged on the basis of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Odesa and Chernivtsi Universities. The Soviet model of higher education of the outlined period proved itself to be a system which was accompanied by repression and arbitrariness of the authorities, imposition of Marxist ideology and lawlessness in all spheres of public life, which affected the educational activity of law faculties.
There were two opposite tendencies in 30s and 40s of the XX century: on the one hand, the return to University legal education, the normative consolidation and streamlining of the educational process, the increase in the quantitative indicators of the training of lawyers for various sectors of the national economy; on the other hand, the reorganization of a number of higher educational institutions, including those which had law faculties and emerged in independent Ukraine after 1917, namely the Kyiv Ukrainian People’s University and the Ukrainian State University in Kamianets-Podilskyi, and unjustified Stalinist repression, the imposition of Marxist ideology.Розглянуто історико-правові особливості розвитку юридичної (правничої) освіти в довоєнний період на території сучасної України, а також стан нормативно-правового забезпечення освітнього процесу у вищих навчальних закладах. Проаналізовано генезис української юридичної (правничої) освіти й охарактеризовано стан підготовки юридичних кадрів для державних органів. Висвітлено деякі особливості системи університетської освіти та уніфікаційної політики радянської влади. Окреслено недоліки та переваги розвитку юридичної (правничої) освіти в досліджуваний період