Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Окремі аспекти доказового процесу при третейському розгляді цивільних справ
No full textThe institution of proving and evidence in civil cases considered by arbitration courts has been studied. According to the author, the most significant problem that hinders the full functioning of arbitration courts and the transfer of disputes for their resolution is the presence of certain legislative gaps, as well as insufficient regulation of arbitration, in particular in the field of evidentiary activity. The purpose of the article is to determine the system of evidence in civil cases considered within the arbitration procedure, as well as the competence of arbitration courts in the field of evidentiary activity. The comparative and legal analysis of normative provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts” and the civil procedural legislation of Ukraine related to evidence and their research has been carried out. The author has for the first time studied the main problems of proving and evidence in civil cases, submitted for consideration and solution to the arbitration court by the agreement between the parties to the dispute, and has provided propositions to improve the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts” to overcome these problems. The author has substantiated the conclusion on the need to introduce a separate norm in the Law of Ukraine “On Arbitration Courts”, which should clearly define the means of proving, which are the basis for establishing the circumstances of the case during the arbitration proceedings. These should include written, physical and electronic evidence, expert opinions and explanations of parties, third parties and their representatives. It has been emphasized that the testimony of witnesses, considering the specifics of obtaining and ensuring the reliability of such a source of evidence, which may be implemented only by the state court, can not be attributed to means of evidence in arbitration. If the parties plan to use the testimony of a witness as evidence, they can refer their dispute to the state court. The results obtained during the study can be used in the process of reforming the current legislation of Ukraine regulating the activities of arbitration courts.Досліджено сутність інституту доказування та доказів у цивільних справах, що розглядаються третейськими судами. Здійснено порівняльно-правовий аналіз нормативних положень Закону України «Про третейські суди» та цивільного процесуального законодавства України, пов’язаних із доказами та їх дослідженням. Установлено наявну проблематику правового регулювання доказової діяльності третейських судів і визначено шляхи вдосконалення чинного законодавства з метою її подолання. Обґрунтовано висновок про необхідність доповнення Закону України «Про третейські суди» окремою нормою, в якій чітко визначатимуться засоби доказування, на підставі яких можуть установлюватися обставини справи під час третейського розгляду. До цих засобів слід віднести письмові, речові й електронні докази, висновки експертів, пояснення сторін, третіх осіб та їх представників, однак до них не можна відносити показання свідків
Роль загальнодержавних податків і зборів в системі обов’язкових платежів
Get PDFThe provisions of the Tax Code of Ukraine, which determine the national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments, have been studied. It has been determined that the main purpose of national taxes and fees is the formation and saturation of the State budget’s revenues. The influence of national taxes and fees on the regulation of production and consumption has been clarified. It has been stated that national taxes and fees have a general impact on each person, obliging him or her to pay taxes established by the Tax Code. It has been determined that the studied taxes and fees are a lever for regulating and preventing negative tendencies in the economy and are the part of the mechanism that ensures the relationship between national interests and the interests of local business entities. The role of national taxes and fees within the system of mandatory payments as a source of revenues of the State budget (given their stability) also determines the policy of formation of all other types of revenues. The role of national taxes and fees in the formation of local budgets in Ukraine has been analyzed, namely such instruments of budget regulation as interest deductions from national taxes and revenues, budget transfers (budget subsidies, subsidies and subventions, withdrawals to the State Budget of Ukraine, intergovernmental settlements) and budget loans.
It has been offered that the share of national taxes, which should be fixed in local budgets, is defined in proportion to the amount of the relevant national tax collected in a particular community. An important criterion for the VAT distribution between centeral and regional budgets should be the population of the region. It has been noted that national taxes are distributed between different levels of the budget system in accordance with the norms of deductions.Розглянуто положення Податкового кодексу України, що визначають загальнодержавні податки і збори в системі обов’язкових платежів. Визначено, що головним призначенням загальнодержавних податків і зборів є формування та насичення дохідної частини Державного бюджету. З’ясовано вплив загальнодержавних податків і зборів на регулювання виробництва та споживання. Зазначено, що загальнодержавні податки і збори чинять загальний вплив на кожну особу, зобов’язуючи її сплачувати податки, встановлені Податковим кодексом. Проаналізовано роль загальнодержавних податків і зборів у формуванні місцевих бюджетів в Україні
Сучасний стан правового регулювання дотримання академічної доброчесності в Україні
Get PDFThe current state of legal regulation of academic integrity in Ukraine has been analyzed. It has been found out that the standards of academic integrity are still poorly studied in the scientific field in Ukraine. However, some aspects of the legal regulation of academic integrity have already been considered in the works of national scholars. However, given the relative novelty of the term of “academic charity” in the current legislation, a number of issues of legal regulation of academic integrity in Ukraine remain relevant and unresolved.
It has been noted that the regulatory requirements for the standards of academic integrity were first enshrined only in 2017in the Art. 42 of the Law of Ukraine “On Education”. It became the legal basis for the protection of the author’s scientific work from its appropriation or unjustified publication by another person. Until now, the “standards” of academic integrity were not enshrined in law, although they were used to some extent in verifying the results of dissertation research. This aspect is still problematic from the point of view of legal regulation, and hence practical application.
The following problems of the current state of legal regulation of academic integrity in Ukraine have been identified: diversity in the approaches of educational institutions to the criteria used in testing scientific papers for literary piracy; the existence of a legal conflict regarding the regulation of the issue of “self-plagiarism” between the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Education” and the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 567 dated from July 24, 2013; the need to distinguish between additional and detailed liability for the violation of academic integrity; inconsistency of terminology in the current legislation, etc. Ways to solve existing problems have been suggested.Здійснено аналіз сучасного стану правового регулювання дотримання академічної доброчесності в Україні та виявлено такі його проблеми: різноманітність підходів освітніх закладів до критеріїв, що застосовуються під час перевірки наукових робіт на плагіат; наявність юридичної колізії щодо регулювання питання про термін «самоплагіат» між положеннями Закону України «Про освіту» та Постанови Кабінету Міністрів України від 24 липня 2013 р. № 567; потреба в розмежуванні додаткової та деталізованої відповідальності за порушення академічної доброчесності; неузгодженість термінології в чинному законодавстві тощо. Запропоновано шляхи вирішення зазначених проблем
До питання про комплексні судові експертизи встановлення факту контактної взаємодії
Get PDFThe authors of the article analyze theoretical developments on the status of multidisciplinary forensic examinations. Attention is paid to the analysis of the state of legal and methodological support in the appointment and conduct of multidisciplinary forensic examinations. On the example of multidisciplinary forensic examination on the establishment of the fact and circumstances of objects contact interaction, the authors have demonstrated the insufficiency of methodological support in this area and have substantiated the need to develop common and individual methods.
Attention is drawn to availability of a practical need for widespread use of multidisciplinary forensic examinations within investigative and judicial practice. Opinions of scholars concerning the expediency and scientific substantiation of carrying out multidisciplinary forensic examinations for establishing the fact and circumstances of contact interaction are analyzed. The lack of a full legislative and methodological regulation in this area leads to difficulties in forensic expert practice and requires additional coverage and processing.
Discussion in the scientific community as to the main aspects of determining the fact of contact interaction of objects has been going on for a long time. Some scholars strongly suggest that while interaction of two or more objects, several individual independent identification tasks are being resolved and the absence of at least one individualizing feature does not provide grounds for drawing a firm conclusion on the fact of contact interaction. We adhere to a different opinion of scholars and believe that a trace reflects both a particular property of a specific contact area and many interconnected properties of all objects in contact, and most important: the mechanism of trace formation. In the course of establishment of sufficient, unique set of generic (group) features and features of the contact mechanism, the individual complex allowing us to establish the fact of contact interaction of objects is formed.Проаналізовано теоретичні напрацювання, присвячені методології комплексних судово-експертних досліджень. Приділено увагу аналізу стану правового й методичного забезпечення питань призначення та проведення комплексних експертиз. На прикладі комплексної судової експертизи встановлення факту і обставин контактної взаємодії об’єктів серед головних проблем доведено недостатність методичного забезпечення такого різновиду досліджень та обґрунтовано необхідність розроблення загальної й окремих методик
Фінансово-правове регулювання безпеки господарської діяльності
Get PDFThe author of the article studies financial relations between the state and business entities, whose legal regulation has a significant impact on the security of economic activity as an important component of national security. The author analyzes internal and external factors affecting the finances that are at the disposal of business entities, the state of which depends on the security of economic activity. The components of financial security of business entities are studied from the point of view of organization of finances and management of the movement of financial resources, ensured by the financial and legal regulation by the state. The directions of financial and legal regulation of the security of economic activity are analyzed as an important condition for ensuring the stability, sustainability and efficiency of the movement of finances at the level of business entities.
It has been established that the legal provision of financial security of business entities is based on regulatory basis that defines the principles, methods, functions and powers of public authorities’ activity and activity of local self-government agencies in all components of the financial system, namely in budgetary, tax, currency, banking, investment, etc., in particular in the area of financial control, which facilitates the establishment of the legitimacy of financial activities and the rational use of finances. It has been determined that there is no regulatory support for financial security at all levels of the economy, including the activity of business entities, as a coherent state policy. The author proves the expediency of developing and implementing a law defining the types of threats to the stability of financial activity and the principles of counteraction, the powers of the state authorities to counteract, prevent and eliminate the threats in the financial sphere, the components of the mechanism of protection of financial interests of business entities. It has been established that financial control is the component of financial activity of business entities, and therefore the Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of Exercising State Financial Control in Ukraine” needs to be improved regarding the methods and types of financial control, powers of controlling entities in order to ensure the security of economic activity.У статті досліджуються фінансові відносини між державою та суб’єктами господарювання, правове регулювання яких має суттєвий вплив на безпеку господарської діяльності як важливої складової національної безпеки. Аналізуються внутрішні та зовнішні фактори впливу на фінанси, що є в розпорядженні суб’єктів господарювання. Визначено, що нормативно-правове забезпечення фінансової безпеки на всіх рівнях економіки, зокрема і діяльності господарюючих суб’єктів, як цілісна державна політика відсутнє. Доказується доцільність розробки та впровадження закону, що визначав би види загроз стабільності фінансової діяльності та засоби протидії, повноваження органів державної влади, механізм організації фінансового контролю як засобу попередження фінансових правопорушень
Принципи стадій юридичного процесу
Get PDFThe author has carried out theoretical study of the development of ideas in legal science on the principles of legal process; has studied the etymological meaning of the term of “principle”. The analysis of legal literature and the corresponding normative and legal material has been carried out. It has been noted that the principles of legal process are formed as a result of verified, reasoned and substantiated activities of authorized entities after the cognition of the patterns of procedural activities. Using the action of principles of legal process in the legal system as a criterion of classification, the author has singled out its general and special principles. The general principles of legal process include principles aimed at revealing the nature, character, nature of legal process. The special principles, in turn, include principles that reflect the functional orientation of the types of legal process and determine the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its individual stages. Taking into account the organizational features, specifics of means and methods of carrying out procedural activities at its separate stages, such principles of stages of legal process as the principle of written form of consolidation, the principle of legal qualification, the principle of certification of result, the principle of urgency have been singled out. The author has provided characteristics and has revealed the content of these principles.Проведено теоретичне дослідження розвитку уявлень у правничій науці щодо принципів юридичного процесу. Здійснено аналіз юридичної літератури та відповідного нормативно-правового матеріалу. Виокремлено такі принципи стадій юридичного процесу, як принцип письмової форми закріплення, принцип правової кваліфікації, принцип засвідчення результату, принцип строковості (терміновості). Надано характеристику та розкрито зміст цих принципів
Типові форми планів провадження окремих слідчих (розшукових) дій
Get PDFBased on the analysis of the state of scientific research in regard to the provision of forensic recommendations on possible forms of planning the conduct of certain investigative (search) actions, the author has grounded the need to optimize its forms based on the technology of planning certain investigative (search) actions and the author has suggested own versions of a typical detailed written plan of investigative (search) actions and a concise written plan of investigative (search) actions. Taking into account the individual features of investigative (search) actions of certain types, the author has offered standard forms of interrogation plans, simultaneous interrogation of two or more already interrogated persons (face-to-face interrogation) and search in case of its conduct in the presence of the searched person.
The most typical forms of plans for conducting certain investigative (search) actions are imaginary and written. The written plan can be concise or detailed. At the same time, a plan is always the result of planning as the process, nevertheless its form. Therefore, it must reflect the elements of this activity, set out in a certain sequence: 1) the situation of investigative (search) action; 2) versions explaining the situation; 3) tasks for each situation; 4) materials (evidence) available to the investigator; 5) organizational and tactical means of solving tasks.
The variety of investigative (search) actions, their individuality requires a differentiated approach to the choice of the form of the plan in any particular case, because the overall scheme may undergo certain changes. In particular, in case of investigative (search) actions, where the preparation of a detailed written plan for their implementation at the preparatory stage is impossible due to the lack of sufficient information base or its inexpediency due to the lack of time, the following form of plan is possible:
An individual approach to planning should be taken into account while drawing up plans of investigative (search) actions. For example, taking into account the specifics of the interrogation, its written plan may include the following elements: a) the circumstances to be clarified; b) the situation of interrogation; c) versions explaining the situation; d) tasks on the situation; e) questions to the interrogated person; e) the procedure for presenting evidence and other tactics; f) materials (evidence) available to the investigation.
The written detailed plan of simultaneous interrogation of two or more already interrogated persons (face-to-face interrogation) may include the following elements: a) the situation of simultaneous interrogation of two or more already interrogated persons; b) versions of the reasons for the contradictions in the testimony; c) tasks to clarify them; d) questions to the interrogated person; e) the procedure for presenting evidence and other tactics; e) materials (evidence) available to the investigation.
Carrying out a search in the presence of the searched person may include the following elements: a) search situation; b) versions explaining the situation; c) tasks on the situation; d) tactics; e) sequence of search actions; e) distribution of functions of search participants.На підставі аналізу стану наукових досліджень з надання криміналістичних рекомендацій щодо можливих форм планування провадження окремих слідчих (розшукових) дій обґрунтовано необхідність оптимізації його форм на основі врахування технології планування окремих слідчих (розшукових) дій та запропоновано авторські варіанти типового розгорнутого письмового плану провадження слідчих (розшукових) дій і стислого письмового плану провадження слідчих (розшукових) дій. З урахуванням індивідуальних особливостей слідчих (розшукових) дій окремих видів запропоновано типові форми планів допиту, одночасного допиту двох або більше вже допитаних осіб (очної ставки) та обшуку у випадку його провадження у присутності обшукуваного
Здійснення батьками дитини її права на свободу пересування
Get PDFThe subject matter of the work is the current legislation of Ukraine on the right to freedom of movement and the practice of its application. At present, the mechanism for parents to exercise their child’s right to freedom of movement is primarily designed to ensure the right of parents and children to communicate freely with each other. However, it somewhat restricts the child’s right to freedom of movement. Judicial practice demonstrates that cases of granting permission for temporary departure of a child abroad without the consent of the father (mother) and cases of returning the child to permanent residence in Ukraine are often decided by courts without taking into account the interests of the child. The purpose of the research is to analyze the current legislation of Ukraine, which establishes the mechanism for exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement by his parents and the practice of its application. The author of the article for the first time has studied and analyzed the main aspects of the mechanism of exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement. Based on a consistent analysis, the author has elaborated recommendations to eliminate differences in the current regulatory acts, the norms of which establish the mechanism for exercising the child’s right to freedom of movement, in order to avoid unjustified restrictions on this right.
The example of the child’s right to freedom of movement can assist in tracing the organic interaction between public and private law mechanisms for regulating the exercise of this right. The sphere of public law establishes the general content of this right and the basic conditions of its exercise. Private law establishes certain mechanisms for exercising this right and ensures its protection.
It has been concluded that public authorities while exercising the right of a child to freedom of movement by parents, are largely based on the principle of equal rights and responsibilities of parents in the upbringing children, while the best interests of the child should be given priority.
Besides, certain requirements of the Family Code of Ukraine create additional bureaucratic obstacles and restrict the child’s right to freedom of movement. It is important to find a balance between the interests of the child, his parents and public order, as well as the time factor that can both positively and negatively affect the child’s relationship with a parent who does not live with the child. An urgent issue for Ukraine is the development of an effective mechanism for implementing decisions on the return of a child to his / her place of permanent residence.У статті проведено аналіз чинного законодавства України щодо здійснення права дитини на свободу пересування її батьками та практики його застосування. На підставі цього аналізу розроблено рекомендації щодо усунення суперечностей в чинних нормативно-правових актах, норми яких установлюють механізм реалізації права дитини на свободу пересування, з метою уникнення необґрунтованого обмеження цього права. Авторка дійшла висновку, що у здійсненні батьками права дитини на свободу пересування державні органи частіш за все виходять із принципу рівності прав та обов’язків батьків у вихованні дитини, тоді як першочергове значення слід приділяти інтересам дитини. Деякі вимоги СК України створюють додаткові бюрократичні перешкоди та обмежують право дитини на свободу пересування. Крім того, важливим є винайдення балансу між інтересами дитини, її батьків та громадського порядку, а також фактор часу, який може як позитивно, так і негативно вплинути на відносини дитини з тим із батьків, хто не проживає з нею спільно
Догматична конструкція універсального правонаступництва у сфері спадкового права
Get PDFThe purpose of the article is to clarify the essence of universal legal succession in the field of inheritance law.
The relevance of the research topic is due to a number of factors. First of all, it is the need to ensure both the proper posthumous transfer of the rights and responsibilities from the ancestor to lawful heirs, and the stability of property relations. Besides, it should be noted that the process of recoding (updating) the civil legislation of Ukraine has begun.
As a result of the conducted research, it has been concluded that hereditary legal succession and hereditary legal relationship are not identical concepts. Succession, as a one-time transition, is the dynamics, movement of the hereditary legal relationship or a manifestation of the latter. If the moment of the hereditary legal relationship’s origin is related to the time of the opening of the inheritance, then the succession, as the dynamics of the legal relationship, occurs with the acceptance of the inheritance by lawful heirs.
The integrity of the construction of universal hereditary legal succession is ensured by a set of the following factors: 1) the succession passes to lawful heirs unchanged as a cohesive whole, with all the methods of provision and the burdens imposed on it; 2) immediacy, which is manifested in the fact that the lawful heir acquires the succession directly from the ancestor without prior transfer to third parties; 3) the uniqueness of the transfer of the succession to lawful heirs from the time of its opening, regardless of the time of acceptance and state registration; 4) the rights and obligations that belonged to the ancestor are transferred to lawful heirs in the same form in the composition, volume and value, which existed at the time of the opening of the succession; 5) conclusiveness and unconditionalness of the acts of the succession’s acceptance and refusal of its acceptance.
The universality of inheritance legal succession is a principle of inheritance law, which determines its content, direction of legal regulation and fully covers all institutions of inheritance law. That is why the essence of the construction of universal legal succession as a basic category of inheritance law is not limited to the concept of succession, contained in the Art. 1216 of the Civil Code of Ukraine.З’ясовано сутність конструкції універсального правонаступництва у сфері спадкового права. Обґрунтовано віднесення універсального правонаступництва до категорії принципів спадкового права, що визначає його специфіку та повною мірою охоплює всі інститути спадкового права. Виявлено сукупність чинників, що забезпечують цілісність конструкції універсального спадкового правонаступництва. Розкрито співвідношення категорій «спадкове правовідношення» та «спадкове правонаступництво»
До питання суддівської винагороди як елемента конституційно-правового статусу судді
Get PDFThe article focuses on the use of the categories of «permanent population» and «existing population» while applying the regional coefficients in determining the basic amount of salary of a judge, since the judge’s salary guarantees the independence of the judge and is an integral part of his constitutional legal status. Attention is drawn to the fact that, since the judge’s salary can be determined only by the Law of Ukraine «On Judicial System and Status of Judges» the issue of the uniqueness of the application of regional coefficients requires an additional focus of scholars and practitioners, which, in turn, is related to the uncertainty of the provisions of paragraphs 2, 3, 4, Part 4 of the Art. 135 of the above mentioned Law. Determination of the regional coefficient for the calculation of the judge’s salary substantiates the feasibility of applying regional coefficients in practice based on the data, in particular, the basic indicators of the effectiveness of the courts of settlements, population of which exceed 1 million and total population of which is less than 100 thousand. Relevant comparative data on the burden on judges of such courts is provided. Based on the obtained empirical data, it is concluded that there are ambiguities in the use of the categories «existing population» and «permanent population» by the State Judicial Administration of Ukraine while approving staffing of courts in the period of 2017-2020 on the example of Odesa City, despite the relatively constant number of permanent and existing population in the city during this period. The necessity to apply the category of «existing population» in determining the basic salary of a judge is argued, as well as the advisability of amending the paragraphs 2-4 of Part 4 of the Art. 135 of the Law of Ukraine «On Judicial System and Status of Judges» in regard to the need for uniform application of this rule in practice and ensuring that the social guarantees of judicial independence are respected.Проаналізовано використання категорій «постійне населення» і «наявне населення» під час застосування регіональних коефіцієнтів для визначення базового розміру посадового окладу судді, оскільки суддівська винагорода виступає гарантією незалежності судді та невід’ємною складовою його конституційно-правового статусу. Зазначено, що оскільки суддівська винагорода може бути визначена лише Законом України «Про судоустрій і статус суддів», додаткової уваги з боку науковців і практиків потребує питання однозначності застосування регіональних коефіцієнтів, що пов’язано, у свою чергу, з невизначеністю положень абзаців 2, 3 і 4 ч. 4 ст. 135 вищевказаного Закону. Запропоновано визначення регіонального коефіцієнта під час нарахування суддівської винагороди та обґрунтовано доцільність застосування регіональних коефіцієнтів на практиці