Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Особливості взаємодії підрозділів кримінальної поліції з іншими суб’єктами у протидії кримінальним правопорушенням проти моральності
Get PDFThe author has defined the peculiarities of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in counteracting criminal offenses against morality, which should help to solve the problem of scientific provision of the activities of law enforcement agencies in this area. Taking into account the set purpose, the specifics of the object and the subject matter of the research, the author has chosen the methodological tools. During the research the author has used the system of methods of scientific cognition: formal logic (abstraction, analogy, deduction, induction, synthesis) for the detailed clarification of the content of the considered issues; empirical – during the experimental study; method of system analysis – to determine the directions of introduction of innovative approaches to solve the problem; theoretical – during the study of scientific and educational literature; modeling – in the study of certain objects by modeling their individual features.
Based on the analysis of the current practice of law enforcement agencies in combating criminal offenses against morality, the author has defined the current features of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in this area. Besides, the author has formulated own concept of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in combating criminal offenses against morality; has provided general characteristics of such entities; and has highlighted some recommendations on the use of their capabilities by operative units of the National Police during the detection, documentation and investigation of these criminal offenses.
It has been established that criminal police units interact with other entities as part of the National Police. In fact the capabilities of Interpol and Europol are used. Besides, cooperation with other international and non-governmental organizations is envisaged. Certain features of the interaction of criminal police units with other entities in combating criminal offenses against morality can be used by law enforcement officers, as well as scholars in conducting further research in this area.На підставі проведеного аналізу чинної практики роботи правоохоронних органів щодо протидії кримінальним правопорушенням проти моральності визначено сучасні особливості взаємодії підрозділів кримінальної поліції з іншими суб’єктами в цій сфері. Сформульовано авторське поняття взаємодії підрозділів кримінальної поліції з іншими суб’єктами у протидії кримінальним правопорушенням проти моральності, надано загальну характеристику таких суб’єктів, а також висловлено певні рекомендації з використання їх можливостей працівниками оперативних підрозділів Національної поліції під час виявлення, документування та розслідування цих кримінальних правопорушень
Правове регулювання стимулювання праці поліцейських
Get PDFBased on the analysis of scientific views of scholars, the author has established that the legal regulation of incentives for police work is the regulation of public relations by law means in regard to external incentives for police officers to highly professional, conscientious and dedicated performance of professional and official tasks, functions and powers, as well as their encouragement to achieve positive results in this work.
It has been emphasized that the need for legal regulation of incentives for police work is due to the fact that, first of all, employees must know and understand what they can expect in case of successful, dedicated, high-quality and effective performance of their duties and responsibilities, as well as what they can expect in case of improper (not effective, in terms of the violation of law, official discipline, norms of public morality, professional ethics, etc.) perfomance of their powers; secondly, work incentives are provided not only through positive motivation and encouragement, i.e. in the form of receiving appropriate remuneration by a police officer or public recognition of his or her merits, but also through the possibility of prosecuting a police officer for improper performance of official duties.
The author has proved that it would be appropriate to provide the right of other subjects, such as members of the public, to raise the issue of encouraging a police officer in order to reduce the dependence of police officers on their immediate superiors in terms of incentives for conscientious work and special merits to society, since police officers serve not the superior officer, but to the people of Ukraine.
It has been clarified that the normative principles of implementing the incentive measures within the system of police agencies cause certain remarks that do not allow to consider incentives as an unequivocally effective tool for influencing the efficiency and quality of police officers’ performance of their professional tasks, functions and responsibilities; a tool that really encourages them to selfless and conscientious work in the interests and for the benefit of the people of our state.На підставі аналізу наукових поглядів учених і норм чинного законодавства досліджено сутність стимулювання та мотивації праці поліцейських як необхідної умови забезпечення належного рівня законності їх поведінки й дисциплінованості, досягнення високого рівня професійності, самовідданості та сумлінності під час виконання ними своїх завдань і повноважень. Визначено поняття та значення правового регулювання стимулювання праці поліцейських. Розглянуто стан законодавчого регулювання стимулювання праці поліцейських. Звернено увагу на наявні проблеми в нормативно-правовому забезпеченні цієї процедури та визначено можливі кроки щодо його покращення
Теоретико-правові підходи до визначення змісту поняття «медичний туризм»
Get PDFThe author has proved the prospects of medical tourism development in Ukraine. The analysis of the concepts of “tourism” and “health tourism” has been carried out; their features have been singled out. The expediency of distinguishing the concept of “health tourism” on “medical” and “health” has been proved. It has been offered to amend the Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Tourism” by defining the terms of “medical tourism” and “health tourism”.
The content of the concept of “medical tourism” has been studied; its constituent elements have been singled out; the author’s definition of the concepts of “health tourism”, “medical tourism” has been formulated; the sphere of their law-enforcement has been defined.
The author has developed propositions to improve the regulatory acts regulating the circulation of medical tourist services (health and medical) in Ukraine, namely: the Tax Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine “On Public and Private Partnership”, the Law of Ukraine “On Licensing of Economic Activities”. The author has also offered to develop and approve the National Program for the Development of Medical Tourism in Ukraine.Доведено перспективність розвитку медичного туризму в Україні. Здійснено аналіз понять «туризм» і «лікувально-оздоровчий туризм» виокремлено їх ознаки. Доведено доцільність розмежування поняття «лікувально-оздоровчий туризм» на «лікувальний» і «оздоровчий». Досліджено зміст поняття «медичний туризм», виокремлено його складові елементи. Сформульовано авторське визначення понять «оздоровчий туризм», «лікувальний туризм», «медичний туризм», визначено сферу їх правозастосування. Розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення нормативно-правових актів, які регламентують обіг медичних туристичних послуг (оздоровчих і лікувальних) в Україні
Здійснення реєстраційних дій як прояв правової форми публічного адміністрування
Get PDFThe issue of carrying out registration actions as a manifestation of the legal form of public administration at the present stage of development of national practice has been analyzed. The level of scientific developments in this area has been clarified and the lack of a unified approach to determining the implementation of registration actions in the context of the realization of legal forms by public administration entities has been emphasized, which leads to difficulties in law-enforcement. It has been concluded that the implementation of registration actions as a manifestation of the legal form of public administration involves official recognition of a certain fact by the state certifying that has legal consequences, and / or in order to ensure the exercise of certain rights by individuals. It has been found out that the result of these actions is the act – the expression of the will of the subject of public administration (decision) or registration actions. It has been substantiated that legal and preventive control is carried out during registration actions, where the subject of public administration has the right to check the scope of legal personality and their behavior of the subjects who applied for registration actions.
The implementation of registration actions in the context of providing administrative services with different content and public legal nature has been studied. The issues of the nature of legal relations formed during the implementation of registration actions between the recipients of relevant administrative services and public administration entities have been studied.
The author has emphasized problematic issues of delimitation of jurisdictions during the resolution of disputes by courts, which arise during the provision of administrative services for the implementation of registration actions. It has been concluded that relations arising during the implementation of registration actions between the subjects of public administration from the point of view of legal protection of the recipient of the relevant administrative service, may be of private or public legal nature.Установлено відсутність єдиного підходу до визначення здійснення реєстраційних дій у контексті реалізації правових форм суб’єктами публічного адміністрування. Зроблено висновок, що здійснення реєстраційних дій як прояв правової форми публічного адміністрування передбачає офіційне визнання шляхом засвідчення державою певного факту, що має юридичні наслідки, та/або з метою забезпечення реалізації певних прав особою. З’ясовано, що результатом цих дій виступають акт – волевиявлення суб’єкта публічного адміністрування (рішення) або реєстраційна дія
Історико-правові передумови виникнення локального правового регулювання трудових правовідносин в Україні
Get PDFBased on the analysis of scientific views of scholars, the author has studied the historical and legal preconditions for the origin of local legal regulation of labor legal relations in Ukraine. It has been noted that the foundations of legal regulation of labor legal relations were laid during the existence of the Roman Empire. Despite the fact that this historical period is characterized by a slave-owning type of economy, we can still talk about the existence of legal regulation of labor at that time.
It has been emphasized that an important stage in the development of local regulation of labor relations in Ukraine is the period of Kievan Rus (late IX – mid XIII century), which is characterized by the fact that the legal regulation of labor relations was mainly limited to the issuance of orders by the prince. It has been established that there were no significant changes in the legal regulation of labor relations after the disintegration of Kievan Rus: there were employees in the civil service, who carried out their activities on a contractual basis, and centralized regulation was carried out by the princes of the respective lands.
The author has revealed the content of a number of normative and legal acts of the Russian Empire, the norms of which were aimed at regulating labor legal relations. It has been found out that the period of 1861-1917 was characterized by active rule-making activities of the state to regulate labor relations, the adoption of a large number of laws and regulatory acts that were designed to regulate labor relations. It has been emphasized that an important achievement of that period was the expansion of the rights of authorized entities in regard to local rule-making activity. It has been stated that the first legislative foundations were laid at that time in order to implement local legal regulation of labor legal relations.На основі аналізу наукових поглядів учених досліджено історико-правові передумови виникнення локального правового регулювання трудових правовідносин в Україні. Акцентовано увагу, що перші нормативні акти, які регулювали трудові відносини, виникли в середині XIX ст. і стосувалися окремих аспектів правового регулювання фабричних відносин. З’ясовано, що період 1861–1917 рр. характеризувався активною нормотворчою діяльністю держави щодо регулювання трудових відносин. Наголошено, що важливим досягнення в зазначений період було розширення прав уповноважених суб’єктів щодо локальної нормотворчості
Сучасний стан адміністративно-правового регулювання діяльності спеціально уповноважених суб’єктів у сфері протидії корупції в Україні
Get PDFThe author has revealed the content of the term of “specially authorized entities in the field of combating corruption” contained in Part 1 of the Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption”. By analyzing the current administrative legislation of Ukraine, the range of public authorities that fall under this concept has been identified. Based on the classification of public authorities existing in administrative science, which are divided into agencies of general and special competence, the author has provided recommendations to improve the list of those public agencies that have the status of specially authorized entities in the field of combating corruption. According to the results of the study, the author has formulated an exhaustive list of specially authorized entities in the field of combating corruption in Ukraine, has provided propositions to improve the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” and the Law of Ukraine “On Prosecutor’s Office” in regard to the administrative and legal status of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office. The author has offered to amend Part 1 of the Art. 7 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Prosecutor’s Office”, supplementing it with the word “agencies” after the word “system” and before the word “prosecutor’s office”. Thus, this norm will look like this: “the system of agencies of prosecutor’s offices will consist of: 1) Attorney General’s Office; 2) prosecutor’s offices in oblasts; 3) regional prosecutor’s offices; 4) Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office. It has been established that only the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office can be recognized as a specially authorized entity in the field of combating corruption among the existing prosecutor’s offices. In this regard, the application of the term of “agencies of prosecutor’s office” in Part 1 of the Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” is not grounded and leads to a false expansion of the range of anti-corruption entities. In practice, this may lead to an ambiguous interpretation of this legal norm. In this regard, the author has offered to specify the range of prosecutorial agencies that are specially authorized entities in the field of counteraction by replacing the phrase “agencies of prosecutor’s office” with the phrase “Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office”. It has been determined that either the National Police of Ukraine or its separate agencies are not specially authorized entities in the field of combating corruption. In this regard, it has been offered to amend Part 1 of the Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine “On Prevention of Corruption” by replacing the phrase “National Police” with the phrase “National Police Units”. Thus, those structural subdivisions of the National Police agencies that exercise competence in the field of combating corruption may be recognized as specially authorized entities in the field of anti-corruption.Розкрито зміст поняття «спеціально уповноважені суб’єкти у сфері протидії корупції», закріплено в ч. 1 ст. 1 Закону України «Про запобігання корупції». На основі аналізу чинного адміністративного законодавства України визначено органи державної влади, що підпадають під це поняття. На підставі наявної в адміністративній науці класифікації органів державної влади, що поділяє їх на органи загальної та спеціальної компетенції, надано рекомендації щодо вдосконалення переліку тих державних органів, які мають статус спеціально уповноважених суб’єктів у сфері протидії корупції
До проблеми окреслення ознак дискримінації у сфері праці
Get PDFThe Constitution of Ukraine guarantees the right to labor to everyone, including the possibility to earn one’s living by labor that he or she freely chooses or to which he or she freely agrees. However, discrimination is still one of the main problems in the labor sphere.
The article is focused on studying the problem of discrimination in the labor sphere. The author of the article has studied the problem of description of the characteristic features of discrimination in the labor sphere because there is no single point of view on this matter in the theory of labor law.
The analysis of legal literature, the corresponding normative and legal material has been carried out. While analyzing legal literature, regulatory base, international legal acts and the judgments of the European Courts of Human Rights the author has established and revealed the features of discrimination in the labor sphere. At the same time, based on the views of current authors, the nature of discrimination in the labor sphere has been revealed.
It has been substantiated that the Labor Code of Ukraine needs to be updated, based on the realities of the present day. Based on a consistent analysis, the author has elaborated propositions to eliminate differences in the current regulatory acts. First and foremost, their availability is due to the obsolete version of the current Labor Code of Ukraine. Therefore, the range of propositions has been formulated related to the current labor legislation improvement concerning the discrimination’s non-admission in the labor sphere. Thus, the most appropriate way of solving the problems of discrimination in labor relations is the adoption of the new Labor Code of Ukraine and active participation of Ukraine in international relations on the harmonization of national labor legislation with international and European standards.
The practical significance of the article is that the conducted study reveals new directions for further research, demonstrates the relevance and need for a comprehensive analysis of the content and legal features discrimination in the labor sphere. The author has emphasized the necessity of forming legal definition of discrimination in the labor sphere.На підставі комплексного аналізу вітчизняних та зарубіжних законодавчих положень, міжнародно-правових актів і практики Європейського суду з прав людини у спорах із захисту прав осіб, які постраждали від дискримінації, а також узагальнення наукових поглядів щодо розуміння сутності дискримінації у сфері праці окреслено притаманні цьому явищу характерні ознаки. Сформульовано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного трудового законодавства стосовно недопущення дискримінації у сфері праці
Адміністративно-правовий захист прав споживачів косметологічних послуг
Get PDFThe purpose of the study is to define the concept and content of administrative and legal protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services, as well as to develop propositions to improve domestic legislation in this area.
The violation of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services and cosmetic products has been analyzed. On this basis the author has concluded that there is no effective system of protection of their rights.
The authors have formulated own definition of the term of “administrative and legal protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services”. It has been established that the object of administrative and legal protection is the violated rights and interests of consumers of cosmetological services. Elements of administrative and legal mechanism of the protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services have been singled out, which include administrative and legal norms, subjects endowed with relevant administrative powers in the field of protection of the rights of consumers of cosmetological services, means, measures and procedural actions aimed at restoring violated rights of cosmetological services’ consumers, as well as administrative liability.
The authors have elaborated propositions for improving regulatory acts regulating the production and circulation of cosmetic products and regulating the provision of services in Ukraine. The expediency of making changes to the Handbook of Qualification Characteristics of Occupations of Employees, approved by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine dated from March 29, 2002 No. 117, by providing the profession of cosmetologist and developing appropriate qualification requirements for this profession. It has been offered to update the industry standard of Ukraine GSTU 201-05-97 “Services of a Cosmetologist. General Technical Conditions” and State Sanitary Rules and Norms 2.2.9.027-99.
In order to bring cosmetic products produced and used on the domestic market in accordance with the requirements of international standards, it has been offered to approve the draft Technical Regulations for cosmetic products, published by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine on the official website.Розглянуто питання адміністративно-правового захисту прав споживачів косметологічних послуг. Проаналізовано порушення прав споживачів косметологічних послуг та зроблено висновок про неефективність наявного механізму захисту їхніх прав. Сформульовано авторське визначення терміна «адміністративно-правовий захист прав споживачів косметологічних послуг». Визначено об’єкт адміністративно-правового захисту. Виокремлено елементи адміністративно-правового механізму захисту прав споживачів косметологічних послуг. Розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення нормативно-правових актів, які регламентують виробництво й обіг косметичної продукції та регулюють ринок косметологічних послуг послуг в Україні
Об’єктивні ознаки адміністративного правопорушення, передбаченого статтею 443 КУпАП, та їх вплив на обсяг повноважень Національної поліції України
Get PDFThe author of the article has stipulates that public relations in the field of labor protection and public health are the generic object of an administrative offense under the Art. 443 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses. The legislator has formed a generic object out of two relatively independent parts: 1) public relations on labor protection and 2) public relations on public health. The direct object of an administrative offense under the Art. 433 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses can be defined as public relations to protect the population from infectious diseases and ensuring its sanitary and epidemic well-being. The author has established the content of a socially dangerous act, which stipulates administrative liability under the Art. 433 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses: 1) violation of the rules provided by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine “On the prevention of the spread of an acute respiratory disease COVID-19 caused by the corona virus SARS-CoV-2 on the territory of Ukraine” dated from March 11, 2020 No. 211; 2) violation of the requirements of regulatory acts (orders, instructions, rules, regulations, etc.) of the Ministry of Health, which establish sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-anti-epidemic rules. The author has established the competition of norms of the Art. 42 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and the Art. 433 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses according to the object and socially dangerous act; the author has suggested legislative amendments related to the elimination of the specified collision by the disapplication of the Art. 42 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses.
In the course of the research of objective features of administrative offenses provided by the Art. 433 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, the author has substantiated the need and has provided propositions for legislative amendments to delimit the powers of the National Police of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, and local self-government agencies in Ukraine in the sphere of counteracting violations of sequestration rules, sanitary and hygienic, sanitary and anti-epidemic rules and norms.У статті визначено родовий та безпосередній об’єкти правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 433 КУпАП, зміст суспільно небезпечного діяння. Досліджено проблему конкуренції норм ст. 42 КУпАП та ст. 433 КУпАП за об’єктивними ознаками, запропоновано законодавчі зміни щодо усунення зазначеної колізії. Шляхом дослідження об’єктивних ознак адміністративного правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 433 КУпАП, обґрунтовано необхідність і надано пропозиції законодавчих змін із метою розмежування повноважень Національної поліції України, Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, Державної служби України з питань безпечності харчових продуктів та захисту споживачів, а також органів місцевого самоврядування в Україні у сфері протидії порушенням правил щодо карантину людей, санітарно-гігієнічних, санітарно-протиепідемічних правил і норм
Адміністративне затримання: відповідність норм КУпАП суспільним потребам та сучасному стану дотримання прав і свобод людини
Get PDFThe author has studied administrative detention as a measure to ensure proceedings in cases on administrative offenses, its use in documenting administrative offenses and interdependent measures, as well as the use of data obtained as evidence in proceedings in cases on administrative offenses.
One of the effective means of ensuring proceedings in cases on administrative offenses, termination and documentation of administrative offenses is administrative detention, which restricts a number of human rights and freedoms. Administrative detention also essentially occurs, when a person is forced to stay with the authorized person at the crime scene while drawing up a report on administrative offenses or making a decision, because this person can not leave the place without the permission of the authorized official and move in accordance with the chosen route.
It is alleged that administrative detention creates additional guarantees for the rights and freedoms of a person, who is subject to administrative liability, and whose right to freedom of movement and personal inviolability is limited.
We are confident that the offered amendments to the legislation will help to build the sphere of administrative and tort law and its institutions, which will have a positive impact on the legal system and legislation of independent Ukraine, raise the prestige of its legal system in the world and serve as a convincing argument for citizens for the possibility to be the victim of the arbitrariness of authoritative agencies.Досліджено адміністративне затримання як захід забезпечення провадження у справах про адміністративні правопорушення, його застосування під час документування адміністративних правопорушень та взаємозалежність цих заходів, а також використання здобутих даних як доказів під час провадження у справах про адміністративні правопорушення