Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Сучасний погляд на інформаційні послуги сервісних центрів МВС України
Get PDFProcedures for the implementation of information services provided by service centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine have been studied. The analysis of doctrinal provisions allowed us to conclude about the multiplicity of information services and differences in the procedure for their provision, which necessitated the classification of these procedures in order to identify their fundamental features, namely: depending on the subject of provision; according to the method of providing information; depending on the need for payment; depending on the availability of the information service procedure; according to the definition of the range of consumers; depending on the possibility of refusing to provide this type of administrative services; according to the content of the information service.
The authors have singled out specific features of information services provided by service centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, which significantly distinguish them from other types (permit and registration) services, in particular: can be provided both personalized and non-personalized; the vast majority of information services are provided in electronic form and do not require a personal application to the service centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine; almost all information services are provided free of charge; most information services do not have procedures because they are provided automatically online; relative limitation of the scope of information administrative services that are reduced to: registration, operation, including driver skills, certificates of international standard providing the right to drive a vehicle, and the sale of a vehicle, as well as providing information from the information resources of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.
The authors have offered to amend the current legislation in terms of improving the procedure for the implementation of information services provided by service centers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine.Досліджено процедури реалізації інформаційних послуг сервісними центрами МВС України. Підкреслено множинність інформаційних послуг і відмінність у процедурах їх надання, що обумовило необхідність класифікації цих процедур з метою виявлення їх принципових особливостей. Виділено специфічні ознаки інформаційних послуг сервісних центрів МВС України. Запропоновано внести зміни до норм чинного законодавства щодо вдосконалення процедури реалізації інформаційних послуг сервісними центрами МВС України
Окремі проблеми правового регулювання трудової правосуб’єктності роботодавця як сторони контракту
Get PDFScientific approaches to determining the employer’s labor legal personality within labor legal relations have been studied. The norms of the Labor Code of Ukraine and the drafts of the Labor Code of Ukraine in regard to labor legal personality of the corporate employer and the employer being an individual have been researched. It has been found out that the current Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine does not clearly define the moment of emergence of labor legal personality of the employer. Besides, labor law uses different terms to denote this aspect of the contract. It has been recommended to change all synonyms of the term of “employer” for the specified term in all acts of national legislation.
It has been stated that the employer can be any legal entity. The employer powers arise from the moment of state registration. Employer powers of legal entities are vested in officials (chiefs, directors, presidents, etc.) who are given the right to hire and fire employees. Separate divisions of legal entities may be employers, if the relevant legal entity delegates part of its authority to them in order to accept the dismissal of employees and the use of their labor.
It has been substantiated that we should rely on the full civil capacity of an individual while determining the employment status of the employer being an individual.
The author has offered to envisage the following norm in the Labor Code of Ukraine and in the future Labor Code of Ukraine: “An employer may be any individual who has reached the age of eighteen. An individual who has reached the age of sixteen and wishes to be engaged in entrepreneurial activity may be an employer with the written consent of the parents (adoptive parents), guardian or a guardianship authority. An individual has employment powers from the moment of state registration as an entrepreneur”.Розглянуто наукові підходи до визначення трудової правосуб’єктності роботодавця у трудових правовідносинах. Досліджено норми Кодексу законів про працю України та проєктів Трудового кодексу України щодо трудової правосуб’єктності роботодавця – юридичної особи та роботодавця – фізичної особи. Запропоновано передбачити у Кодексі законів про працю України та у майбутньому Трудовому кодексі України таку норму: «Роботодавцем може бути фізична особа, яка досягла 18-річного віку. За наявності письмової згоди батьків (усиновлювачів), піклувальника або органу опіки та піклування фізична особа, якій виповнилось 16 років і яка бажає займатися підприємницькою діяльністю, може бути роботодавцем. Роботодавчі повноваження у фізичної особи виникають з моменту державної реєстрації її як підприємця»
Адміністративний договір у сфері медичного туризму: поняття та особливості
Get PDFThe spread of medical tourism requires the guarantee of its proper legal regulation. Given the increased state and public interest in this type of activity, a favorable climate for attracting investment into this area, there is a need to improve and develop forms of public administration in the field of medical tourism. Administrative contract is one of such forms.
The purpose of the article is to analyze theoretical and legal approaches to characterizing the content of the concept of “administrative contract in the field of medical tourism”, to outline the perspectives for its application in domestic law and to develop propositions for its improvement.
Public authorities and health care institutions currently use administrative contracts within management relationships, where they can act as parties or participants. Administrative contracts in the field of medical tourism can be vertical in parties (although they can be also horizontal at the interstate level), in terms of legal properties – coordination or subordination, in content – agreements of exchange of obligations or agreements on cooperation (interaction). The vast majority of administrative contracts in the field of medical tourism are agreements of exchange of obligations or agreements on cooperation (interaction), where the parties are public authorities or public authority together with the relevant medical, sanatorium-health-resort or other medical or health institution, medical research institution, subjects that carry out rehabilitation or restoration. Participants in these contracts may be travel agencies that organize travelling, contact consumers and relevant medical and other institutions, insurance companies, etc.
The author has formulated own definition of the administrative contract in the field of medical tourism. Anti-conflict, law-making and the function of unification of local rule-making in the studied area have been distinguished among the functions of the administrative contract, including in the field of medical tourism.Визначено сутність адміністративного договору у сфері медичного туризму. Здійснено аналіз поняття адміністративного договору, його особливостей та видів. Доведено доцільність подальшого розроблення інституту адміністративного договору у сфері медичного туризму. Сформульовано авторське визначення адміністративного договору у сфері медичного туризму, визначено сферу його застосування. Розглянуто функції адміністративного договору, зокрема у сфері медичного туризму (антиколізійна, правотворча та функція уніфікації локальної нормотворчості в досліджуваній сфері). Розроблено пропозиції щодо вдосконалення нормативно-правових актів України у досліджуваній сфері
«Права та вольності» в конституції Пилипа Орлика крізь призму ренесансних інтерпретацій справедливості
Get PDFSuch an outstanding historical monument of Ukrainian state-building as the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk of 1710 has been studied in the context of the traditions of European constitutionalism and its influence on the process of national state-building of the first half of the XVIII century. The author has determined the role of such a category of natural law as “justice” in its formation, which became pervasive in the Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk by guiding its content and spirit. Despite the more than 300-year history of this act, there are still discussions among scholars and researchers about its political and legal classification and the source base, in particular not only the contractual experience of the Hetmanate period, but also the influence of political, legal and philosophical thought that was developed since ancient times. There was an attempt to determine the grounds for protecting the “rights and liberties” of the Ukrainian people by tracing the influence of the ancient heritage of Plato and its revival in the Renaissance era, Protestant doctrine of the Reformation period, which lays the groundwork for further identification of ontological and praxeological problems of Ukrainian constitutionalism. The fundamental methodological approaches were axiological, comparative and historical, hermeneutic. Theoretical basis of the study consisted of regulatory legal documents, scientific publications and research, information materials. The Constitution of Pylyp Orlyk, being a remarkable achievement of political and legal thought of the early. XVIII century, has demonstrated the desire of its authors and the people to establish the principles of constitutionalism, law and order over the ideas of absolutism, which prevailed in Europe at that time. In this regard, the Constitution makes an unequivocal choice against the Russian autocracy, which was canceled previous agreements, in favor of the protection and restoration of violated rights and liberties, and as a consequence – the construction of an independent Ukraine. It laid down a progressive idea of expressing the aspirations and needs of the whole nation, which shows the high level of legal and philosophical culture of the Ukrainian elite of that time.Досліджено підстави захисту «прав та вольностей» українського народу в Конституції Пилипа Орлика 1710 р. як визначному історичному документі національного державотворчого процесу першої половини XVIII ст. Окреслено вплив такої категорії природного права, як «справедливість», на суть і дух Конституції через її тлумачення в античні часи Платоном, а також подальші інтерпретації в добу Ренесансу та Реформації. Простежено значення для Конституції Пилипа Орлика широкої філософсько-правової та інтелектуальної спадщини, завдяки якій акт став прогресивним для свого часу прикладом прагнення її авторів і суспільства до утвердження ідей законності та правопорядку над абсолютизмом
Поняття та класифікація таємного викрадення чужого майна
Get PDFThe author has studied the concept of covert embezzlement of the property of another, which is provided by the legislator and has analyzed the concepts revealed by leading scholars in the field of criminal law and in the field of criminalistics. The peculiarities inherent in theft in contrast to other lucrative criminal offenses have been highlighted. The statistical data for 2020 provided by the Office of the Prosecutor General regarding registered thefts on the territory of Ukraine have been analyzed. A statistical comparison of registered thefts with other lucrative criminal offenses and with all registered criminal offenses has been conducted.
The classification of covert embezzlement of the property of another provided by the legislator has been studied. The classifications of thefts provided by leading scholars in the field of criminalistics have been analyzed. The author has specified the criteria according to which the Office of the Prosecutor General classifies thefts. Each classification during its application in practice has been analyzed.
A separate type of thefts has been identified. The author has studied the devices by means of which the specified thefts are committed. The concept of devices used during the commission of thefts has been revealed. The author has provided courts verdicts on the territory of Ukraine on the fact of covert embezzlement of the property of another with the use of special devices. After the conducted analysis, the classification of thefts based on the acquired knowledge has been provided.Розглянуто поняття таємного викрадення чужого майна, виділено особливості, характерні для крадіжок. Проаналізовано класифікації таємного викрадення чужого майна за різними критеріями. Досліджено вироки, ухвалені судами України стосовно осіб, які вчинили крадіжки
Прогалини в адміністративно-правовому регулюванні інституту відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду
Get PDFThe publication is focused on studying the state of legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt. Cases of direct contempt’s manifestation are negative phenomenon, since they negatively affect the activities and image of the judicial system; they are demonstration of the level of trust to the judicial power; they create obstacles in the formation of confident relationship between citizens and the court; they prevent the state from fulfilling its obligations to ensure everyone’s right to a fair trial.
The current legislation of Ukraine has been analyzed. It has been established that the legislation has many gaps that need to be addressed immediately. Shortcomings in legal regulation hinder the full functioning of the liability institution for direct contempt on equal and fair terms, since they allow for ambiguous interpretation of the law norms and evaluation of a person’s actions.
The authors have studied some gaps in legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt. It has been offered to combine all the shortcomings of the legislation into two groups: of qualifying and procedural nature. Qualifying shortcomings include problematic issues related to the qualification of a person’s actions (regarding the forms of direct contempt, the place and time of the action, the subjects of the offense). Procedural shortcomings include problematic issues related to the procedure for prosecuting direct contempt, in particular determining the range of courts that may hear such cases and the consistency of their powers; the procedure for appointing a judge to hear such cases; the need to draw up the minutes on administrative offenses and to record the procedure of hearing the case; features of notifying a person about the time and place of hearing the case on administrative offenses, etc.
The opinions of scholars and practitioners on the functioning of the liability institution for direct contempt in Ukraine have been analyzed. The authors have formulated propositions on improving the legal regulation of the liability institution for direct contempt.Досліджено стан правового регулювання інституту відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду. Установлено, що чинне законодавство України має чимало прогалин, які потребують негайного врегулювання. За характером питань, яких стосуються прогалини законодавства, недоліки правового регулювання об’єднано у дві групи. Розкрито основні недоліки кваліфікуючого характеру й окреслено коло недоліків процедурного характеру. Надано пропозиції щодо ліквідації окремих прогалин у правовому регулюванні інституту відповідальності за прояв неповаги до суду
Правові та організаційні засади діяльності міліції Української РСР у 1956 році
Get PDFThe year 1956 was significant both in the history of Ukraine and the USSR, but also for world history. The death of I.V. Stalin in 1953 marked the beginning of the partial liberalization of the political regime in the Soviet Union; the strongest impetus for the continuation and intensification of this process was in 1956, the year of the XX Congress of the CPSU and the CPSU Central Committee Resolution “On overcoming the Stalin’s cult of personality and its consequences”, where a lot of terrible truth about the Soviet past was told for the first time. This significantly changed the political and socio-economic situation in the country, in fact prevented further mass repression of the population and significantly changed the role of law enforcement agencies, which really began to acquire the characteristics of law enforcement. There was a change of the heads of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR, which was another step in clearing the state leadership of the most odious Stalinist personnel and meant strengthening the control of the communist party agencies over the militia. The new leadership of the Ministry of Internal Affairs believed that the main shortcoming in the activities of the militia was the lack of activity in the fight against crime and the significant level of crime among police officers themselves. There were also shortcomings in the operative work on crime prevention and detection. The selection and placement of personnel was badly organized in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There were many cases, when people without proper training were assigned to important areas of operative and investigative work in the militia. Departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and militia divisions in oblasts were reorganized into unified departments of internal affairs of executive committees of oblast Soviets of Workers’ Deputies, and militia departments in cities and districts were transformed into militia divisions of executive committees of city and district councils. That meant the resumption of dual subordination of local law enforcement agencies to executive committees of councils and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. But that reorganization did not have the desired effect.Розкрито основні аспекти організації та діяльності міліції УРСР у 1956 р. Тоді відбулася зміна керівників МВС СРСР та УРСР. Недоліком у діяльності міліції була недостатня активність у боротьбі зі злочинністю. Управління МВС та управління міліції в областях реорганізували в єдині управління внутрішніх справ виконкомів обласних рад депутатів трудящих, а відділи (відділення) міліції в містах і районах перетворили на відділи (відділення) міліції виконкомів міських і районних рад. Це означало поновлення подвійного підпорядкування місцевих органів внутрішніх справ водночас виконкомам рад і МВС. Але ця реорганізація не дала належного ефекту
Племінники як суб’єкти спадкування: теоретичні та практичні аспекти
Get PDFThe article is focused on the problems of legal succession by a special category of lawful heirs – nephews. The analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied specific features of legal succession, has been carried out. All stages of legal succession in accordance with the Civil Code of Ukraine have been listed. The current legislation, court decisions, legal doctrine have been analyzed; and it has been established that inheritance by nephews has problems in practical application.
The procedure of inheritance by nephews according to the right of representation has been studied taking into account that it currently remains one of the problematic issues in practical application. It has been established that it is the way how the legislator protects the property rights and interests of the latter. The authors have determined that if there are several lawful heirs (nephew, niece), the share of the deceased testator is divided equally between lawful heirs.
It has been noted that inheritance law as an institution of civil law occupies a leading place in the system of protecting human rights and interests. It is due to the fact that hereditary relations began to be formed and protected by Roman lawyers. Both our state and many foreign states still pay much attention to improving the legislation in the field of inheritance law.
The authors have noted that the relevance of the above institution is the fact that the subject matter of these legal relations are always property rights and responsibilities, and their protection depends on the proper implementation of the law enforcement function of state authorities. Given that the legal consequences for lawful heirs occur after the death of the testator, the main task of state authorities is to ensure the proper transfer of inheritance to lawful heirs.
The authors of the paper have focused on the way how to prove the family and other relations of lawful heirs with the testator, because it is an important aspect of inheritance relations, since the correct establishment of family relationship influences the legal transfer of inheritance. It has been established that there are practical and theoretical problems in these legal relations, which are related to the procedure of inheritance transfer to the above-mentioned subjects.Статтю присвячено особливостям спадкування за законом такою категорією спадкоємців, як племінники. Здійснено аналіз наукових праць, автори яких вивчали особливості спадкування за законом. Установлено, що поряд з іншими суб’єктами, які мають право на спадщину, законодавець захищає майнові права та інтереси племінників, урегулювавши цю процедуру спадкування у вигляді права представлення. Зазначено особливості спадкування племінниками за правом представлення, охарактеризовано, яким саме чином здійснюється доказування родинних та інших відносин спадкоємців зі спадкодавцем
Краудінвестинг як сучасний напрям реалізації бізнес-ангельського інвестування в Україні
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the problem of regulating the accumulation of business angel investments for the implementation of innovative startup projects by small and medium enterprises and the issues of their legal regulation, namely the creation of affordable and effective legal means of venture capital. It is believed that the domestic legislator should pay special attention to crowdfunding.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the opportunities for the development of crowdfunding in Ukraine as a modern direction of business angel investment in innovative business activities.
The recommendations and strategies of the world\u27s business angels are useful for practical work on the study of attracting venture capital. However, problematic aspects of crowdfunding have not yet been covered in the domestic legal scientific literature.
The article considers the application of the possibilities of civil legal regulation of crowdfunding development in Ukraine. The specifics of crowdfunding for attracting investments from voluntary individual venture investors via the Internet have been studied. Leading foreign experience is analyzed and features and obstacles of application in domestic conditions are defined.
It is seen that properly organized crowdfunding platforms by private venture investors at both legislative and administrative levels will be a significant achievement in supporting small and medium enterprises innovation, provided: 1) consolidation of the individual venture investors’ legal status at the legislative level; 2) the availability of open online platforms with an easy way to find them on the Internet; 3) regulation of the online platform crowdfunding participants’ interaction within the existing contractual structures provided by the Central Committee of Ukraine, duly designed and posted on the platform\u27s website.Статтю присвячено опрацюванню проблематики регулювання бізнес-ангельських інвестицій для реалізації інноваційних проєктів стартапів малими підприємствами на стадії створення. Досліджено специфіку та визначено доцільність застосування краудінвестингу для залучення інвестицій від добровільних індивідуальних венчурних інвесторів через мережу Інтернет. Проаналізовано провідний зарубіжний досвід і визначено особливості та перешкоди застосування краудінвестингу у вітчизняних умовах. Зроблено висновок, що стимулювання індивідуального венчурного інвестування набуває особливої актуальності та поширення у глобальному економічному середовищі, тому краудінвестинг в умовах гострого дефіциту інвестиційних коштів убачається досить перспективним напрямом реалізації бізнес-ангельського інвестування в Україні
Окремі аспекти зарубіжної практики протидії умисним вбивствам підрозділами кримінальної поліції
Get PDFSome aspects of the international experience in counteracting premeditated murder by criminal police units have been studied. The main factors and features of formation and development of directions in counteraction to premeditated murders have been defined, the available models of counteraction to premeditated murders in activity of police divisions of separate countries have been allocated and analyzed.
Based on the analysis of existing models and programmes to combat premeditated murder in some Western countries, our own model of counteraction to premeditated murder has been proposed, which needs to be implemented in Ukraine. The practice of development and implementation of measures of state, regional and city complex programmes of counteraction to criminal illegality in Ukraine deserves special attention. Premeditated homicide prevention programmes should be implemented with the broad involvement of various sections of the population, the public and volunteer movements on a European model. In order to activate Ukrainian youth to participate in various programmes aimed at crime prevention, it is necessary to use the experience of countries such as the Netherlands or Israel. Such positive experience should be the subject of separate study and implementation in Ukraine. Internal state policy should be formed on the development and implementation of such programmes. The main ways to promote the participation of citizens in the provision of voluntary free police assistance in combating criminal offenses can be: a) the creation of appropriate social advertising, which must be distributed on the Internet; b) popularization of the volunteer movement and voluntary groups of student youth in higher education institutions; c) organization of media projects to cover information on the number of volunteer units in Ukraine and individual cities, the results of their activities, achievements and future plans, speeches by the Minister of Internal Affairs, National Police Chief and other leaders on the specifics of police cooperation with citizens and benefits law enforcement agencies with the public and more.Розглянуто різноманітні програми протидії умисним убивствам, які наразі діють у різних країнах світу. Проаналізовано позитивний міжнародний досвід протидії умисним убивствам, що може стати основою для розроблення відповідного законодавства України у цій сфері. Зроблено висновок, що проведення порівняльного аналізу запобігання умисним убивствам у різних країнах є основою для розвитку найбільш перспективних напрямів удосконалення вітчизняного законодавства у цій сфері