Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Атестування поліцейського як професійний стандарт його трудової діяльності
Get PDFTopical issues of certification of police officers have been considered. The approaches of scientists to the definition of such concepts as "certification" of police officers have been studied. The views of scientists on the institute of certification, its legal regulation and the expediency of conducting have been analyzed. The history of the certification procedure and the grounds for its application have been considered, the main characteristics of the attestation and types have been clarified. The purpose of certification is seen in the most rational use of personnel, increasing the efficiency of their work.
It was found that the definition of "certification" of police officers was first enshrined in law during the reform of the law enforcement system. Certification of police officers is enshrined in the new Law of Ukraine "On the National Police" from July 2, 2015 № 580-VIII, on the basis of which a new body was established, that is the police.
Police certification is considered a professional standard and one of the important criteria in police service. Certification has no periodicity and has a special subject. We consider the desire for openness and transparency of its conduct to be positive in the police certification procedure. Three types of police certification have been studied. An exhaustive list of types of certification has been established.
Based on the analysis of the legal regulation of the procedure of certification of police and scientific views of scientists, the definition of " certification " has been defined and characterized. The materials of the judicial practice on appealing the decisions of the certification commissions of the National Police bodies on dismissal of police officers as a result of their failure to pass the certification in Ukraine have been studied. The current state of legal regulation of the procedure of certification of police officers in Ukraine has been analyzed, its positive and negative aspects have been clarified.Розглянуто актуальні питання атестування працівників поліції. Досліджено підходи вчених щодо визначення таких дефініцій, як «атестація» та «атестування» поліцейських. На основі аналізу правового регулювання процедури атестування поліцейських і наукових поглядів учених визначено й охарактеризовано дефініцію «атестування», досліджено матеріали судової практики оскарження рішень атестаційних комісій органів Національної поліції про звільнення працівників поліції внаслідок непроходження ними атестації в Україні. Проаналізовано сучасний стан правового регулювання процедури атестування поліцейських в Україні. З’ясовано позитивні та негативні її аспекти
Принципи діяльності Антимонопольного комітету України
Get PDFThe article examines the principles of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine. The current legislation establishing the peculiarities of the implementation of the principles of activity of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine is analyzed. It is established that the principles of activity of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine are legality, publicity, protection of competition on the principles of equality of physical and legal persons before the law and priority of the rights of consumers. It is concluded that the principle of protection of competition on the principles of equality of individuals and legal entities before the law is the main course of practice of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.
It is established that the principles of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine are legality, publicity, protection of competition on the basis of equality of individuals and legal entities before the law and the priority of consumer rights.
It is determined that the implementation of the principle of legality in the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, its bodies and officials is directly provided by current legislation of Ukraine, and therefore its observance is a guarantee of legality in the state as a whole, not only the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine.
It is proved that the principle of publicity in the activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine is reflected in the public information activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, its bodies and officials, in particular on informing the public about its activities, publishing reports, analytical reports, proposals to improve antitrust law, cases pending, etc.
It is emphasized that the principle of protection of competition on the basis of equality of individuals and legal entities before the law and the priority of consumer rights provides for the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine to implement a number of measures to comply with competition, legislation on public procurement and more.
The priority areas of further research are the study of foreign experience in regulating the principles of similar Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine bodies.У статті досліджено принципи діяльності Антимонопольного комітету України. Проаналізовано чинне законодавство, що встановлює особливості реалізації принципів діяльності Антимонопольного комітету України. Встановлено, що принципами діяльності Антимонопольного комітету України є законність, гласність, захист конкуренції на засадах рівності фізичних та юридичних осіб перед законом та пріоритету прав споживачів. Зроблено висновок, що принцип захисту конкуренції на засадах рівності фізичних та юридичних осіб перед законом є основним під час практичної діяльності Антимонопольного комітету України
Деякі аспекти правового регулювання обмежень прав та свобод поліцейських
Get PDFThe problem of restricting labor rights and freedoms, which is an important area of research for both domestic and foreign scholars, has been studied. International and national legislation on the establishment of restrictions on police officers while being recruited and during their service has been analyzed.
The author has carried out analysis of the norms of general and special legislation regulating the official activities of police officers, such as restricting the rights of police officers and establishing a ban on certain activities. The materials of judicial practice and scientific views of scholars on this issue have been studied.
Based on the conducted analysis the author has offered to combine all prohibitions and restrictions into four blocks unequal in scope and nature of the impact on individual rights: a) prohibitions and restrictions of a political nature; b) prohibitions and restrictions of an economic nature; c) restrictions arising from the specifics of the police service and its special nature; d) prohibitions and restrictions in the field of mass media and freedom of speech.
It has been clarified that the problem of legalization of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of police officers and a number of criteria that a police officer must meet has been properly regulated by international regulatory legal acts.
The author has revealed some gaps in the legislation that limit the rights of a police officer during his service in the police. The problematic aspects of the legal consolidation of restrictions for police officers include their vague wording and ramifications in various legislative acts that is the basis for inconsistencies and legal misunderstandings. In this regard, all the criteria, restrictions and legal definitions to them, which are provided for the police officer, should be enshrined in a separate Section of the Law of Ukraine “On the National Police”.
The author has suggested the ways to improve and amend the current legislation regulating the establishment of restrictions for police officers during their service. The implementation of international law into national legislation and the adoption of positive European experience should be more balanced and should take into account the specifics of national achievements.Розглянуто обмеження прав і свобод громадян, які встановлюються законодавством у разі прийняття на службу в поліцію. Проаналізовано норми загального та спеціального законодавства, що регулюють службову діяльність поліцейських, на кшталт обмеження прав поліцейських і встановлення заборони на окремі види діяльності. Досліджено матеріали судової практики та наукові погляди вчених із зазначеного питання. Виявлено окремі прогалини в законодавстві, що обмежують права поліцейського під час проходження служби в поліції. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення та зміни до чинного законодавства, що регламентує питання встановлення обмежень для поліцейських під час проходження служби
Інституційна роль органів прокуратури в запобіганні та протидії корупції в Національному антикорупційному бюро України: розмежування повноважень і шляхи вдосконалення правових засад
Get PDFThe provisions of normative legal acts that determine the prosecutor\u27s office scope of competence, in particular their tasks and functions, have been studied. As a result, it has been found that the current approach to determining the prosecutor\u27s office scope of competence is manifested primarily in the consolidation at the legislative level of the main functions of the prosecutor\u27s office; tasks and functions of the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor\u27s Office (SAP) are fixed at the departmental level of legal regulation without their delimitation.
In order to differentiate the powers of the prosecutor\u27s office to prevent and combat corruption, the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) clarified the investigation of criminal corruption and corruption-related offenses committed by NABU employees. It has been established that the prosecutor\u27s office, represented by prosecutors, is authorized to prevent corruption in NABU by participating in proceedings on administrative offenses related to corruption committed by NABU employees.
As a result of the study, it has been concluded that the prosecutor\u27s office, depending on the content of their tasks and functions, are involved in preventing and combating corruption in NABU in different ways, and the content of such activities is clearly dualistic, namely: on the one hand, the SAP in preventing compliance with the law during operational and investigative activities and pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses NABU can prevent or stop possible corruption by NABU employees; on the other hand, the prosecutor\u27s office, if a corruption criminal offense is committed by a NABU official, must, in particular, ensure compliance with the law on the inevitability of liability for a criminal offense, within the competence to compensate for damages caused by such criminal offenses.
The powers of the prosecutor\u27s office to prevent and combat corruption in NABU have been grouped: representative, supervisory, security and law enforcement.
In order to ensure the effective functioning of the SAP, in particular on the prevention and combating of corruption in NABU, the author\u27s version of Section 3 of the Regulation on the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor\u27s Office of the Prosecutor General\u27s Office has been proposed.На підставі аналізу положень нормативно-правових актів, які визначають сферу компетенції органів прокуратури, зокрема їх завдання та функції, зроблено висновок, що органи прокуратури залежно від змісту поставлених перед ними завдань і здійснюваних функцій по-різному беруть участь у запобіганні та протидії корупції в Національному антикорупційному бюро України, а зміст такої діяльності має чітко виражений дуалістичний характер. Запропоновано авторську редакцію розділу 3 Положення про Спеціалізовану антикорупційну прокуратуру Офісу Генерального прокурора
Порядок здійснення процедур податкового компромісу та податкової амністії в Україні
Get PDFThe research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of certain procedures of tax compromise and tax amnesty. The scientific article`s relevance is justified because certain procedures of tax compromise and tax amnesty should contribute to the balance of legitimate interests of citizens and the state. The purpose of the study is to identify propositions for amending the current legislation of Ukraine, establishing the possibility of reaching a tax compromise or the introduction of a tax amnesty. Scientific works of Ukrainian researchers, laws, and regulations were used in the process of studying the problem.
The scientific novelty of this article is to make propositions for the development and adoption of a separate Law of Ukraine "On the Organizational and Legal Framework of Tax Amnesty", which would establish the conditions and procedure for tax amnesty in Ukraine in the future.
The procedures of the tax compromise are the submission of documents specified by law to the tax authorities, the decision on the need for an unscheduled documentary audit, approval of the amount of tax liability, and payment of funds by a taxpayer. The procedures for placing funds in special accounts in banks, submitting a declaration to the tax authorities and verifying the sources of receipt of the declared funds are applied during the tax amnesty. The final stage of the tax amnesty is the payment of the fee specified by law. A mandatory condition of the tax amnesty is the release of a taxpayer from criminal liability for tax evasion.
The results of the study can be used in lawmaking, law-enforcement practice, and the educational process.Наукове дослідження присвячено правовому регулюванню окремих процедур податкового компромісу та податкової амністії. Дослідження є актуальним, оскільки процедури податкового компромісу та податкової амністії сприяють збалансованості законних інтересів громадян та держави. Наукова новизна цієї статті полягає у висловленні пропозицій щодо розроблення Закону України «Про організаційно-правові засади податкової амністії», який би встановлював умови проведення податкових амністій в Україні. Узагальнено перелік процедур, які здійснюють податкові органи в процесі запровадження податкового компромісу та податкової амністії
Правове регулювання вираження поглядів і переконань у друкованих засобах масової інформації
Get PDFThe research is focused on the problems of legal regulation of expressing opinions and beliefs in print media. The scientific novelty of the research constitutes propositions on supplementing the Law of Ukraine “On Print Mass Media (Press) in Ukraine” with a new norm that would regulate the work of electronic pages of the print media.
The constitutional right to free expression of opinions and beliefs can be exercised by disseminating certain concepts in the media. Ways of expressing one’s own opinions and concepts in the press have been determined. It has been stated that a public organization or a political party can spread own opinions by creating own printed publication. An interview with a well-known public figure or politician in order to publish the text of a conversation in the press is also one of the ways to spread one’s own worldview. Another form of expression of one’s beliefs is the publication of an article prepared by a public or political organization, a well-known person in a newspaper or magazine.
The author has provided characteristics of the procedure for the foundation of the printed edition. Features of the legal status and activities of journalists to collect information about the opinions and beliefs of well-known people are also reflected in the work. The legal principles for the relationship between journalists, media owners and public figures in order to spread opinions and beliefs have been clarified.
The problems of legal regulation of placement of printed mass media materials on the Internet have been outlined. The author has analyzed propositions of scholars on legal regulation of disseminating information on the Internet. Suggestions on amending the legislation regulating the activities of print media on the placement of press materials on the Internet have been formulated.Розглянуто проблеми правового регулювання вираження поглядів і переконань у друкованих засобах масової інформації. Установлено способи вираження думок і концепцій авторів у пресі. З’ясовано правові засади відносин журналістів, власників засобів масової інформації та громадських діячів з метою поширення поглядів і переконань. Окреслено проблеми правового регулювання розміщення матеріалів друкованих засобів масової інформації у мережі Інтернет. Визначено пропозиції щодо внесення змін до законодавства, яке регулює діяльність друкованих засобів масової інформації в мережі Інтернет
Щодо вдосконалення адміністративно-правового забезпечення роботи з персоналом державних судово-експертних установ і професійної підготовки судових експертів Міністерства юстиції України
Get PDFThe problematic issues of administrative and legal provision HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine have been studied. Specific propositions for improving the regulatory and legal, organizational and methodological provision of this area of activity have been provided. The author has emphasized the need to reform the HR management system of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, which is a guarantee of filling these institutions with highly qualified personnel.
It has been offered to further study, develop and approve certain regulatory acts by orders of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, namely: standard staffs; instructions on the organization of personnel accounting, staffing and HR work, professional training of forensic experts of state forensic institutions and forensic experts who are not employees of state forensic institutions; provisions on the formation of employee pool for superior positions.
The emphasis has been placed on the need to revise and update the Handbook of Qualifications for employees of forensic research institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated from April 19, 2012 No. 611/5.
It has been proved that the Code of Professional Ethics of forensic experts has to be developed and approved at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which would be applied to all forensic experts of Ukraine regardless of departmental subordination and employment and should have a positive impact on the quality of judicial duties performed by forensic experts – drawing up qualitative and objective expert opinions. The guarantee of executing the requirements of the specified Code by the experts should be the normative consolidation of the expert’s responsibility for violation of professional ethics.Розглянуто проблемні питання адміністративно-правового забезпечення роботи з персоналом державних судово-експертних установ і професійної підготовки судових експертів Міністерства юстиції України. Дано конкретні пропозиції щодо вдосконалення нормативно-правового й організаційно-методичного забезпечення цього напряму діяльності. Наголошено на необхідності реформування системи кадрового забезпечення державних судово-експертних установ і професійної підготовки судових експертів, що є запорукою наповнення цих установ висококваліфікованими кадрами
Проблемні питання організації відбирання біологічних зразків в особи для молекулярно-генетичної експертизи
Get PDFThe article is focused on the procedure of sampling as a criminal procedural action necessary for the commissioning and carrying out molecular genetic expert examination in the divisions of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, namely the establishment and comparison of genetic traits of living and dead persons and unidentified corpses within criminal proceedings and civil cases for establishing or refutation of the fact of paternity. The purpose of the work is to provide information about human biological material that can be used as samples for molecular genetic research of living and dead people and unidentified corpses; analysis of errors during sampling of biological material of individuals for each type of samples and determining the methods of storage and transportation of research objects depending on their condition. The author has studied the legal aspects of the procedure of selecting the samples of biological origin according to the rules of identity examination and has indicated the list of documents required for sampling relatives of missing persons for the placement in the central database of human genetic traits. The author has specified the basic requirements for sampling, such as their indisputable belonging to a certain person and reliability of their selection in the minimum quantity necessary for the research. The information that should be indicated on the packaging of biological material has been described. The types of biological material that can be provided for the research as living specimens have been separately studied, namely: nails, blood, buccal epithelium, saliva, which can be provided on a piece of sterile gauze, FTA Cards, cotton, viscose or flock sticks or probe swabs. The author has also defined the persons who have the right to carry out selection from living persons, conditions of selection, drying of samples, possibilities of their long-term storage and conditions of transportation to divisions of the Expert Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Errors in selecting the packaging of biological material (catheters with heparin filling, Ames medium, polymer containers) have been analyzed. Blood, bone remains, teeth, nails and histological specimens have been studied as types of biological material taken from dead persons and unidentified corpses depending on the condition of the remains, environmental conditions and prescription of death coming.Відбір зразків – це кримінально-процесуальна дія, що здійснюється для отримання біологічного матеріалу для проведення молекулярно-генетичної експертизи у кримінальних та цивільних справах. Залежно від обставин справи можна встановлювати та порівнювати генетичні ознаки живих і загиблих осіб інвазивними та неінвазивними методами. Запропоновано вимоги до відбору зразків та необхідних супровідних документів, розглядаються типи біологічного матеріалу осіб, які можуть бути використані як зразки, особливості їх вилучення, зберігання та транспортування до підрозділів Експертної служби МВС України, а також проаналізовано типові помилки вибору упакування об’єктів дослідження
Економіко-правові проблеми заборони продажу земель сільськогосподарського призначення державної та комунальної власності
Get PDFThe article is focused on studying perspectives and problems of implementing amendments to land legislation related to the abolition of the moratorium on the sale of agricultural lands and the introduction of free circulation of these lands. The purpose of the work is to identify the main economic and legal problems that will arise in connection with the ban from July 1, 2021 on the alienation of agricultural lands of state and municipal ownership.
The main problems associated with the introduction of a ban on the sale of state and municipal lands are the restriction of economic competition and equality of ownership under the law, the withdrawal of plots included in economic circulation and economic activity from the land market; creation of conditions for uncontrolled and free withdrawal of lands from state and municipal ownership by their free transfer to the ownership of citizens; underfunding of infrastructure projects of local significance.
It has been offered to limit the ban on the sale of agricultural lands of state and municipal ownership in Part 7 of the Art. 130 of the Land Code of Ukraine (as amended on July 1, 2021) only to land plots that are now on the rights of land use of state and municipal enterprises, institutions and organizations and are used for statutory goals of these entities; in case of redemption of land plots of state and municipal ownership at auction by their current land user, we should introduce installment payment mechanisms for such land user in case he acquires the right to lease until 2019; to cancel the action of paragraph “b” of Part 1 of the Art. 121 of the Land Code of Ukraine concerning the free of charge transfer of land plots in the property of the ground areas for conducting personal peasant economy.
The results of the study can be used in the lawmaking practice to improve land legislation in terms of the creation and operation of free circulation of agricultural lands.Досліджено законодавство щодо скасування мораторію на продаж земель для ведення товарного сільськогосподарського виробництва й запроваджуваної заборони на їх продаж зі складу державної та комунальної власності. Виявлено основні проблеми, пов’язані із забороною продажу земель сільськогосподарського призначення державної та комунальної власності. Запропоновано внести зміни до земельного законодавства щодо обмеження заборони продажу та підвищення ефективності державної політики в цій сфері
Криміналістика та forensic sciences: проблеми диференціації та інтеграції
Get PDFThe authors have clarified perspectives for further development of criminalistics in Ukraine under the influence of integration processes of this science from Forensic Science. The genesis of the national model of criminalistics has been briefly studied; a comparative analysis of its content with Forensic Science has been accomplished; and the ways of further development of the system of criminalistics and related sciences in Ukraine have been defined considering the global tendencies of convergence of different models of this field of scientific knowledge. It has been emphasized that the use of the terms of “Criminalistics”, “Forensic Sciences” and “Criminal Investigation” is explained not just by the specifics of terminology in different countries, but primarily due to differences in defining the nature and internal content of these disciplines. According to the authors, the integration of tactical and technical criminalistics tools and methods of combating crime is quite acceptable and not only significantly enriches the arsenal of criminalistics, but determines its existence as an independent science. Such an approach allows us to consider criminalistics not just as one of the many sections of Forensic Sciences, but to single out it as one of the most comprehensive sciences that integrates all other forensic disciplines. The domestic model of criminalistics, in contrast to Forensic Science, represents the issues of a legal nature (criminalistics tactics and methodology), which makes it a science of dual (synthetic) nature. The integration processes observed in the development of criminalistics and Forensic Science are gradually leading to the convergence of these sciences in content. Given this, it is impractical to take further steps to disintegrate criminalistics in Ukraine by separating forensic expertise into a separate science. Otherwise, there will be a complete depletion of the natural and technical component of criminalistics, which may result in the disappearance of this science in general.Розглянуто співвідношення криміналістики та forensic science. Визначено, що вони є відмінними моделями однієї сфери наукових знань, які збігаються за цілями та завданнями, але значно відрізняються за обсягом. Також визначено шляхи подальшого розвитку системи криміналістики та споріднених наук в Україні з огляду на світові тенденції зближення таких моделей цієї сфери наукових знань, як судова наука, кримінальне розслідування та судова експертиза. Зроблено висновок про доцільність збереження природничо-технічної складової у системі криміналістики з метою запобігання її розпаду