Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Правовий статус національних меншин на території України у ХІХ ст.
Get PDFThe peculiarities of the formation and development of legal status of national minorities, who were on Ukrainian territory during the studied period and were engaged in various types of economic activity, as well as the influence of the general imperial and local legislation on certain aspects of the life of national minorities, have been investigated.
The regulatory and legislative acts that determined the legal status of various national communities have been analyzed. The conditions and circumstances under which the process of forming the legal status of national minorities on the territory of Ukraine took place during the 19th century have been shown in general terms. Changes in imperial legislation have been demonstrated depending on the attitude of the current government to certain events in the empire, which ranged from providing comprehensive assistance and support to a restrained attitude, and sometimes to open persecution, introduction of economic restrictions, confiscation of granted lands, etc. This was the case with representatives of the Jewish, German and Polish national minorities.
Particular attention has been paid to such legislative documents of various levels as the Regulations on the settlement of Jews, the Regulations on Jews, the Instruction of the Office of Guardianship of Novorossiysk foreign settlers, the Statute on foreign colonies in the empire, the Laws “On the lease of landed property to foreigners for up to 36 years”, “On restricting the right of Catholic peasants to acquire land property in nine Western provinces”, “On the analysis of the gentry in the Western provinces and on the arrangement of this kind of people”, Regulations on the Main Department of Colonists of the Southern Territory, etc. It has been shown that the imperial power fully supported the actions aimed at the gradual assimilation and Russification of national communities, increased social tension, thereby weakening the tendency of the formation of national political forces.Досліджено визначальні особливості правового статусу національних меншин на території України у ХІХ ст. Проаналізовано низку правових актів, що впливали на окремі аспекти життя і діяльність національних меншин та визначали правове становище окремих національних груп на конкретно визначеній території їхнього перебування. На прикладі ґрунтовного аналізу наукової літератури та відповідних законодавчих актів сформульовано власну наукову позицію щодо проблеми, яка досліджується
Особливості початку досудового розслідування домашнього насильства (ст. 126-1 КК України)
Get PDFPrevention, counteraction and investigation of criminal offenses is a priority task of law enforcement agencies for any legal, democratic state. While the general issues of combating domestic violence are being studied at the scientific level for a long time, the specifics of initiating an investigation of this destructive phenomenon have remained understudied, which indicates the relevance of the topic for scientific discussion. This aspect has also an important practical significance, as it is shown in the analysis of the studied case law. It has been identified and analyzed the peculiarities of initiating a pre-trial investigation on domestic violence, in particular: firstly, domestic violence (Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine) is classified as a criminal proceeding carried out in the form of private prosecution, and therefore it is initiated at the request of the victim; secondly, when an investigator, interrogator or prosecutor enters information about a criminal offense into the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations under Article 126-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, there must be information about repeated (three or more times) bringing the offender to administrative responsibility under Article 173-2 of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses or about committing systematic actions related to domestic violence. In this regard, it should be noted that bringing a person to administrative liability is only one way of providing evidence. If a person has not been brought to administrative responsibility, but has systematically committed acts (domestic violence), then it is reasonable to consider criminal liability for the relevant actions. It has been determined that difficulties arise due to the fact that, on the one hand, the investigator, interrogator or prosecutor must have information about the intentional systematic commission of domestic violence by a person, and on the other hand, the commission of such an act against a spouse or former spouse or other person with whom the perpetrator is (was) in a family or close relationship.Попередження, запобігання та розслідування кримінальних правопорушень є пріоритетним завданням правоохоронних органів будь-якої правової, демократичної держави. Якщо загальні питання протидії домашньому насильству вже тривалий час досліджуються на науковому рівні, то особливості початку розслідування цього деструктивного явища залишаються малодослідженими, що свідчить про актуальність порушеної для наукової дискусії тематики. Цей аспект також має важливе прикладне значення, про що свідчить аналіз вивченої судової практики. Виокремлено та проаналізовано особливості початку досудового розслідування домашнього насильства
Актуальні проблеми регулювання обліку трудової діяльності працівника
Get PDFThis article has analyzed the current labor legislation on recording of an employee’s labor activity. The study focuses on the settlement of theoretical and practical problematic aspects of the process of employment records digitalization, and on the non-infringement of employees’ and pensioners’ labor rights and as subjects of labor relations in this regard.
The law stipulates that an employee’s work activity will be recorded in electronic form. In addition, it regulates the procedure for accumulating, processing and using this information to confirm the length of service and automatically grants pensions with the right to postpone retirement. The legislator envisages a gradual transition from paper to electronic employment records by 2025. Within this period, it is possible to use both versions of the existing or entered information about the employee’s work history from the state register.
We believe that the purpose of introducing a digital analog of a paper employment record book was to improve the recording of Ukrainians’ labor activity, reduce paperwork and the associated risks of loss or damage to documents. It has been found that the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Electronic Employee Labor Records” have gaps in this regard which require further improvement and elaboration.Висвітлено окремі положення національного законодавства у сфері трудових відносин. Розглянуто основні аспекти впровадження електронної форми фіксації страхового стажу працівника. Проаналізовано Закон України «Про внесення змін до деяких законодавчих актів України щодо обліку трудової діяльності працівника в електронній формі» та інше актуальне законодавство з означеної проблематики. Увагу дослідження спрямовано на врегулювання теоретичних і практичних проблемних аспектів реформування інституту трудових книжок в умовах воєнного стану
Деякі особливості тактики проведення слідчих (розшукових) дій під час розслідування вбивств, учинених у зв’язку із застосуванням домашнього насильства
Get PDFDomestic violence is becoming more widespread every day, but few people consider it as a prerequisite for other criminal offenses, among which the most serious and inevitable is murder, i.e. the onset of person’s death. According to the analysis of investigative and judicial practice during the investigation of murders, investigators do not fully investigate the preconditions that contributed to the crime, family relationships, the psychological state of those involved in the murder, etc. Most homicides are investigated and prosecuted without any evidence of domestic violence. Therefore, there is a need to develop a methodology for investigating murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence, which would contain practical recommendations for conducting certain investigative (search) actions during the investigation of this category of cases.
The author has determined the tactical features of conducting crime scene search and interrogation during the investigation of murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence; has analyzed the scientific literature, investigative and judicial practice.
The author has provided some peculiarities of tactics of carrying out certain investigative (search) actions during the investigation of murders committed in connection with the use of domestic violence. The most common investigative (search) actions have been analyzed. They are crime scene search and interrogation. The tactical techniquess that should be used during the investigation of this category of criminal offenses have been identified, and some statistics on the places of murder and the condition of persons involved in this crime have been provided.Розкрито деякі особливості тактики проведення окремих слідчих (розшукових) дій під час розслідування вбивств, учинених у зв’язку із застосуванням домашнього насильства. На підставі вивченої наукової літератури, судової та слідчої практики визначено перелік окремих слідчих (розшукових) дій, які найбільш доцільно проводити під час розслідування вбивств, учинених у зв’язку із застосуванням домашнього насильства, а саме: огляд місця події, допит з використанням відповідних тактичних прийомів, а також деякі особливості їх проведення
Система адміністративно-правового регулювання статусу Кабінету Міністрів України у сфері наукової і науково-технічної діяльності в Україні
Get PDFThe author of the article studies the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine. The correlation of the concepts of administrative and legal regulation and the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation is determined. The existence of the concept of administrative and legal regulation of the status of subjects of administrative and legal relations, in particular, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, is substantiated. Based on this, the peculiarities of the elemental composition of the mechanism of legal administrative and legal status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine are determined.
Administrative and legal status in the system of administrative and legal regulation is considered as a structural element, an integral part of it. At the same time, it is part of the subject of legal regulation by the rules of administrative law. Its constituent elements (principles, goals, tasks and functions, the procedure of creation, reorganization, liquidation, procedures, the right to official symbols, linear and functional subordination, the rights and responsibilities of the subject) are determined by administrative law, through the definition of rights and the responsibilities of a subject is influenced by public relations, the participant of which is such a person. Thus, we can talk about the administrative and legal regulation of the legal status of the subjects of administrative and legal relations, and hence about the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the status of such subjects. However, the administrative and legal status in this case will not be part of the elemental mechanism of administrative and legal regulation, because it is the subject to the influence of administrative norms in this case.
Thus, the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation of the status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine can be presented as follows:
– administrative and legal norms that determine the administrative and legal status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine, their sources;
– principles of the activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the sphere of administrative relations in the field of science and technology in Ukraine;
– interpretation of administrative and legal norms regulating the administrative and legal status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific and scientific and technical activities in Ukraine;
– the nature of administrative and legal relations in the field of scientific, research and technical activities, the participant of which is the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine;
– individual acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activity;
– forms of activity of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activity as the participant of administrative and legal relations;
– methods of administrative and legal regulation of the status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine;
– administrative and legal regimes regulating the status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities in Ukraine;
– administrative procedures of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activities;
– efficiency of administrative and legal regulation of the status of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine in the field of scientific, research and technical activity.Досліджено механізм адміністративно-правового регулювання статусу Кабінету Міністрів України у сфері наукової і науково-технічної діяльності в Україні. Визначено співвідношення понять «адміністративно-правове регулювання» та «механізм адміністративно-правового регулювання». Обґрунтовано існування поняття адміністративно-правового регулювання статусу суб’єктів адміністративно-правових відносин, зокрема Кабінету Міністрів України. На підставі цього визначено особливості елементного складу механізму адміністративно-правового регулювання статусу Кабінету Міністрів України у сфері наукової та науково-технічної діяльності в Україні
Адміністративно-правовий статус Кваліфікаційно-дисциплінарної комісії прокурорів
Get PDFThe author of the article has studied the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors. The normative and legal base regulating the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors has been determined. The elements of the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors have been established. The problems of implementing the administrative and legal status of Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors have been noted.
It has been offered to understand the administrative-legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors as a set of interrelated and interdependent elements, characteristics of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors, which are enshrined in law and determine the place of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors among other agencies.
It has been established that the elements of the administrative-legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors should include: powers; the procedure for forming the staff; legal guarantees of the activity; tasks and objectives of the activity.
Thus, the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors is a complex and multifaceted category that determines the place and role of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors among other subjects of law, and its elements are clearly regulated and defined in regulatory legal acts.
Considering the above, we note that the changes that are currently taking place in the prosecutor’s office are aimed at improving the activities of the latter, which should contribute to the creation of a qualitatively new basis for the activities and organization of the prosecutor’s office in accordance with European standards, as well as the construction of a new model of the prosecutor’s office, designed to effectively fulfill its constitutional functions.Досліджено адміністративно-правовий статус Кваліфікаційно-дисциплінарної комісії прокурорів. Визначено нормативно-правову базу, що регулює зазначений статус. Установлено елементи адміністративно-правового статусу Кваліфікаційно-дисциплінарної комісії прокурорів. Наголошено на проблемах реалізації адміністративно-правового статусу цієї комісії
Поняття, сутність та ознаки трудової діяльності авіаційного персоналу в системі авіаційної складової внутрішніх справ України
Get PDFThe scientific research is focused on studying the concept and essential characteristics of aviation personnel in the system of aviation component of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. The relevance of the article is due to global trends, which are associated with the fact that aviation is becoming a key element in the development of many countries. The use of airspace for various purposes is becoming an increasingly important and sometimes a priority direction in the political, military and social strategy of most countries, including Ukraine. Legal issues of interaction between the Ukrainian system of internal affairs and the aviation system are important for Ukraine in addition to specific domestic economic, technical and legal problems in this area. A legal issue in regard to the organization of the movement of aircraft is a systemically interconnected group of special legal principles of air law. A special place in the system is occupied by the regulation of labor relations of aviation personnel. Accordingly, addressing the problems that arise in the framework of labor relations in the field of aviation is one of the important components of the analysis of aviation as a component of the internal affairs system. The concept of aviation personnel in both civil and state aviation has been studied in the framework of this article. The purpose of theoretical research is a systematic review and clarification of the concept of "aviation personnel for further analytical work and in-depth study of existing problems that may arise in the system of aviation component of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. Certain concepts were generalized; key differences between aviation and aviation ground personnel were identified; and basic conceptual imperfections were identified through the synthesis and analysis.Наукове дослідження присвячено розгляду поняття та сутнісних характеристик авіаційного персоналу в системі авіаційної складової внутрішніх справ України. Актуальність статті зумовлюється світовими тенденціями, пов’язаними з тим, що авіація стає основним елементом у розвитку багатьох держав. Відповідно, звернення до проблем, що виникають у межах трудових відносин у сфері авіації, є однією зі значущих складових аналізу. У межах цієї статті розглянуто поняття, сутність та ознаки трудової діяльності авіаційного персоналу як у цивільній, так і в державній авіації
Огляд та обшук транспортного засобу адвоката
Get PDFThe author has analyzed some types of investigative (search) actions – examination and search of a defense attorney’s vehicle. Statistical data on the number of conducted investigative (search) actions against defense attorneys have been studied. It has been established that investigative (search) actions against defense attorneys are not always carried out in compliance with the law. It has been argued that most procedural violations occur while conducting investigative (search) actions that involve penetration into a defense attorney’s dwelling or other property. In this regard, it has been concluded that the analysis of legal aspects for conducting examination or search of the defense attorney’s vehicle is currently relevant.
The legal grounds for conducting an examination and search of a defense attorney’s vehicle have been studied. It has been defined that the procedure of examination and search of a defense attorney’s vehicle has certain peculiarities in criminal proceedings. It has been concluded that the law provides a defense attorney with certain guarantees during the examination and search of the vehicle. Such guarantees include: a limited number of officials who may initiate an examination or search of a defense attorney’s vehicle; additional requirements to the content of the decision on permission to conduct examination or search of a defense attorney’s vehicle; the need to involve a representative of the Bar Council of the region while conducting examination or search of the defense attorney’s vehicle; the need to maintain legal secrecy. The views of scholars on the procedure of conducting examination and search of a defense attorney’s vehicle have been analyzed. The author has accomplished the analysis of the caselaw of the European Court of Human Rights on the grounds and procedure for conducting an examination or search of a defense attorney’s dwelling or other property.
It has been emphasized that the guarantees and rights of defense attorneys during investigative (search) actions are insufficiently defined in Ukraine at the legislative level. It has been concluded that there is the need to make legislative amendments in order to prevent procedural violations and abuse during the examination and search of vehicles.Проаналізовано окремі види слідчих (розшукових) дій – огляд та обшук транспортного засобу адвоката. Досліджено статистичні дані щодо кількості проведених слідчих (розшукових) дій стосовно адвокатів. Установлено, що огляди та обшуки транспортних засобів адвокатів не завжди проводяться з дотриманням вимог закону. Розглянуто наукові підходи до визначення підстав проведення огляду та обшуку транспортного засобу адвоката. Здійснено аналіз чинного законодавства України і практики Європейського суду з прав людини. Зроблено висновки щодо необхідності внесення законодавчих змін з метою недопущення процесуальних порушень і зловживань під час проведення огляду та обшуку транспортного засобу адвоката
Правовий статус апарату суду
Get PDFThe problems of the legal status of the court administration have been studied. The authors have accomplished analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied specific features of the legal status of the court administration. It has been stated that the legal status of the court administration is determined by legislative acts and bylaws of Ukraine. The authors have suggested own definition of the legal status of the court administration. The legal status of the court administration is a list of rights, responsibilities and powers of the court administration established by law norms, which is determined by the tasks assigned to the organizational provision of the court and the administration of justice.
Some elements of the legal status of the court administration have been studied. It has been established that special functions, tasks, staff structure, specifics of appointment and dismissal, conditions of disciplinary liability are integral elements of the legal status of the court administration. It has been emphasized that the employees of the court administration perform the functions of organizational, technical and information provision of the court.
It has been proved that the legal status of the court administration is characterized by the following elements: performance of functions by the employees of the court administration on organizational, technical and information provision of the court; implementation of the court administration’s activity in accordance with the principles of legality, rule of law, professionalism, efficiency, political impartiality, transparency and others; selection of employees of the court administration on a competitive basis; performance of duties by the court administration in accordance with the established structure and staffing; the presence of a special legal status of the head of the local court administration, which consists in a special procedure for appointment and dismissal, a specific list of responsibilities.
Specific amendments to the current legislation on improving the legal status of the court administration have been offered.Розглянуто проблеми правового статусу апарату суду. Проаналізовано наукові праці, автори яких вивчали особливості правового статусу апарату суду. Сформульовано авторське визначення правового статусу апарату суду. Установлено, що особливі функції, завдання, штатна структура, специфіка призначення та звільнення з посади й умови дисциплінарної відповідальності є складовими елементами правового статусу апарату суду. Розглянуто окремі елементи його правового статусу. Запропоновано внести зміни до чинного законодавства щодо вдосконалення правового статусу апарату суду
Особливості поліцейського піклування щодо неповнолітніх осіб
Get PDFThe article is focused on the problems of legal regulation of preventive police action – police care. The authors have carried out the analysis of scientific works, the authors of which studied the peculiarities of the procedure of police care in regard to minors. The newly introduced legal institution of “police care” has been characterized; the legal status of a child has been determined. The authors have established the qualities of a police officer to effectively ensure the rights and interests of children. The authors have provided the relevant recommendations for improving the regulation of legal relations in the field of police care regarding the minors.
The authors of the article have revealed the most topical issues regarding the procedure for the application of police care in regard to minors.
A detailed theoretical characteristic of the procedural registration of police care has been provided. The requirements for the minutes form on the application of police care have been provided in details. The most frequent mistakes made by police officers in recording this fact have been characterized. The authors of the article have clarified the types of assistance provided by police officers to minors in order to achieve effective protection of the rights and interests of the latter.
It has been proved that enshrining the concepts, specific features, legal nature, procedures of police care at the legislative level is a significant step towards protecting the legitimate interests of a man and citizen, where minors are special, least vulnerable subjects. Unfortunately, the timeframe for a police officer to take police care in regard to children has not been clearly defined. It has been established that police officers in most cases draw up the fact of police care not with police care sheet, but with a report, which is a violation of the law.
The authors have expressed the suggestion on the need to conduct trainings with police officers, courses of advanced training on problematic issues in the field of psychological methods of communication with minors in adverse, difficult, conflict situations, where they would study in details the tactical, psychological methods of communication with children.Статтю присвячено проблемам правового регулювання превентивного поліцейського заходу – поліцейського піклування. Здійснено аналіз наукових праць, автори яких вивчали особливості процедури поліцейського піклування щодо неповнолітніх осіб. Охарактеризовано нововведений правовий інститут «поліцейське піклування», визначено правовий статус дитини. Установлено, які якості повинен мати працівник поліції для ефективного забезпечення прав та інтересів дитини. Надано відповідні рекомендації з удосконалення регулювання правовідносин у сфері поліцейського піклування щодо неповнолітніх осіб. Зосереджено увагу на найбільш розповсюджених помилках, яких припускаються практичні працівники під час застосування вищезазначеного поліцейського заходу