Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs / Вісник Харківського національного університету внутрішніх справ
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Процесуальний порядок унесення відомостей про кримінальні правопорушення, пов’язані з домашнім насильством, до Єдиного реєстру досудових розслідувань
Get PDFAn analysis of scientific approaches and provisions of the criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine regarding the grounds for starting a pre-trial investigation in general, as well as taking into account the specifics of criminal offenses related to domestic violence, was carried out. It is argued that the effectiveness of criminal proceedings depends on the timely detection of the facts of the commission of illegal acts related to domestic violence and the initiation of a pre-trial investigation. It is emphasized that in order to eliminate conflicts in the legislative and by-law normative regulation of the activities of law enforcement agencies at the beginning of the pre-trial investigation, especially of criminal offenses related to domestic violence, the circle of subjects who can independently identify circumstances indicating the commission of a criminal offense should be expanded. It was found that the basis for starting a pre-trial investigation of criminal offenses related to domestic violence, in respect of which criminal proceedings are carried out in the form of a private indictment, is only the statement of the victim. Grounds for initiating criminal proceedings regarding criminal offenses related to domestic violence, which are not provided for by the articles (parts of articles) of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, listed in Clause 1, Part 1 of Art. 477 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, there is a statement, a notification (to the call center for preventing and countering domestic violence, gender-based violence and violence against children; other entities implementing measures in the field of preventing and countering domestic violence) and independent detection by an investigator, inquirer or prosecutor from any source of circumstances that may indicate the commission of a criminal offense related to domestic violence. The procedural order for entering information about criminal offenses related to domestic violence into the Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigations and their content, taking into account the criminal procedural regulation of the beginning of a pretrial investigation, organizational aspects of responding to statements and reports about criminal offenses and entering relevant information into the URPI, as well as features of the mechanism of committing illegal acts related to domestic violence are characterized.Здійснено аналіз наукових підходів і положень кримінального процесуального законодавства щодо підстав початку досудового розслідування взагалі та кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних із домашнім насильством, зокрема. Аргументовано, що ефективність кримінального провадження залежить від своєчасного виявлення фактів учинення протиправних діянь, пов’язаних із домашнім насильством, і початку досудового розслідування. Охарактеризовано коло суб’єктів, які можуть самостійно виявляти обставини, що вказують на вчинення кримінального правопорушення, пов’язаного з домашнім насильством. Виокремлено підстави для початку досудового розслідування щодо кримінальних правопорушень, пов’язаних із домашнім насильством. З’ясовано особливості реагування на отриману інформацію про ймовірне вчинення протиправних діянь, пов’язаних із домашнім насильством, і внесення відповідних відомостей до Єдиного реєстру досудових розслідувань
Система суб’єктів права інтелектуальної власності в умовах становлення кіберпростору
Get PDFThe article is devoted to identifying the system of subjects of intellectual property law in the conditions of the formation of cyberspace. The topic of the article covers the subject composition of intellectual property legal relations. The purpose of the article is to define the system of subjects of intellectual property law, taking into account the virtual and digital aspect.
The research methodology consisted of a system of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge. The application of the dialectical method has made it possible to establish that digital law is developing as a complex institution that gravitates towards private law. Thanks to the use of the formal legal method, it has been stated that the author and co-authors have the right to create their own virtual identity in the digital environment, which can be the object of intellectual property legal relations, in particular copyright. Based on the application of methods of analysis and synthesis, it has been determined that modern subjects of intellectual property law are divided into primary, derivative and auxiliary.
It has been proven that the development of cyberspace has a direct impact on the formation of new subjects of intellectual property law. The author in cyberspace has the right to: create their own virtual identity, which will be the object of intellectual property legal relations; to place their own results of creative, scientific, intellectual work. Derivative subjects of intellectual property rights are persons who acquire property rights to the already created, existing result of creative, intellectual, scientific work in a material and/or virtual environment. Auxiliary subjects of intellectual property law perform an auxiliary function regarding the implementation of state intellectual property policy, creation of an object of intellectual property law, registration of property rights to these objects, stimulation of creative activity, and more.
The results of the article can be used in scientific works in the field of intellectual property law, as well as by lawyers when identifying the subject structure of intellectual property legal relations.
It has been concluded that there is an actual problem of identification of the virtual author, the relationship of virtual identity with a real person, the place of digital law research in the legal system, in particular, it is proposed to determine it by the institute of intellectual property law.Становлення кіберпростору призводить до якісного оновлення правовідносин, зокрема у сфері права інтелектуальної власності. Водночас правовідносини у сфері інтелектуальної власності постійно оновлюються, відбуваються зміни в їх суб’єктному складі, що потребує наукового пізнання. Звернено увагу на проблемність ідентифікації авторства у цифровому середовищі внаслідок виокремлення фактичного існування матеріальної (реальної) та віртуальної (незалежної особистості у кіберпросторі) ідентичності. Охарактеризовано суб’єктний склад первинних, похідних, допоміжних суб’єктів права інтелектуальної власності
Види та стимулювання медичного туризму в Україні
Get PDFIt has been proven that the definition of the concept of tourism does not imply a mandatory border crossing. In this regard, domestic and external medical tourism have been highlighted, each of which is of great importance for the state. Domestic tourism is aimed at providing the state\u27s economy with the necessary labor resources and is a prerequisite for the survival of the state through ensuring the restoration (social reproduction) of the population, while external tourism is aimed at filling the state budget, financial support for medical tourism entities and their employees (primarily highly qualified specialists), popularizing the state and its regions, and facilitating contacts for organizing investments in the tourism, recreation and medical sectors of Ukraine. An analysis of relations between various participants in the field of medical tourism has been carried out and proposals have been made for legal incentives of the development of three main types of medical tourism in Ukraine. These three types of medical tourism have been identified and characterized according to the criteria for determining the goals for the consumers of tourist services: 1) health tourism; 2) classical medical tourism: domestic and external (with the aim of obtaining relatively high-quality and relatively inexpensive medical services); 3) medical tourism related to the birth of a child who will receive Ukrainian citizenship.
It has been suggested that central and local executive authorities and territorial communities of cities, towns, and villages should more actively use the means of the State\u27s regulatory influence on the activities of business entities as defined in Part 2 of Article 12 “Means of State Regulation of Economic Activity” of the Economic Code of Ukraine, as well as other means not prohibited by law. It has been emphasized the importance of licensing of medical and tour operator activities as a means of the State’s regulatory influence on business entities, which is mainly of a controlling nature, but supports effective entities in the field of medical tourism by removing low-quality and inefficient ones from the market. It has been concluded that it is necessary to develop, adopt and implement a programme to popularize Ukrainian health care institutions; the services they provide; the regions in which these institutions are built or opened, etc.Проаналізовано відносини у сфері медичного туризму, охарактеризовано три види медичного туризму за критерієм визначення цілей для споживачів послуг: 1) оздоровчий туризм; 2) класичний медичний туризм; 3) медичний туризм, пов’язаний із народженням дитини, яка отримає українське громадянство. Запропоновано органам виконавчої влади і територіальним громадам активніше застосовувати засоби регулюючого впливу держави, визначені в ч. 2 ст. 12 Господарського кодексу України, а також інші засоби, не заборонені законом, особливо ліцензування медичної і туроператорської діяльності. Наголошено на потребі розробити програми з популяризації українських закладів охорони здоров’я, послуг, що ними надаються, регіонів, у яких ці заклади розташовані, тощо
Сучасний стан правового регулювання трудових відносин в Україні
Get PDFThe experts’ point of view regarding the concept of “labor legal relations” has been studied and the author’s definition has been given, which means the volitional, legal relationship between an employee and an employer, arising on the basis of an employment contract, regarding the employee’s performance of work with its payment and ensuring the working conditions necessary for it performance provided for by labor legislation, collective agreement and agreement of the parties.
The current state of legal regulation of labor relations has been considered. It is well-founded that the Labor Code of Ukraine has not been adopted to date, therefore the Labor Code of Ukraine should really be the main regulatory legal act that comprehensively regulates all aspects of labor relations. Ensuring this, first of all, will contribute to a clear understanding of the normative material and its quick search. It is noted that today, due to certain circumstances, the Labor Code does not fulfill the role of the main act of labor legislation: firstly, along with the Labor Code, there are traditionally other laws that regulate certain aspects of labor relations, namely the laws of Ukraine “On Labor Payment”, “On vacations”, “On labor protection”; secondly, the norms of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law”, adopted on March 15, 2022, suspended a large number of norms of the Labor Code and established other parameters of working conditions for all employees during the period of martial law.
The analysis of the norms of modern national legislation shows that the changes established by the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” worsen the working conditions of employees established by the Labor Code. It has been proven that the introduction of most of these changes is correct in the conditions of martial law, when the country’s economy needs radical transformations and additional resources. The inexpediency of reducing the guarantees established by the Labor Code for women who have a child under the age of three has also been proven, since raising a child is an extremely important social function of women in society and the state.
The expediency of introducing wording changes in Articles 8 and 9 of the Law of Ukraine “On the Organization of Labor Relations in the Conditions of Martial Law” from the words “women who have a child under the age of one year” and “of women who have a child under the age of one year” to, respectively, the words “women who have a child under the age of three” and “of women who have a child under three years of age” has been grounded in the article.Досліджено точки зору фахівців щодо поняття «трудові правовідносини» та надано авторське його визначення. Розглянуто сучасний стан правового регулювання трудових відносин. Обґрунтовано, що на сьогодні не ухвалено Трудовий кодекс України, тому саме Кодекс законів про працю України має бути основним нормативно-правовим актом, який комплексно регулює всі аспекти трудових відносин. Відмічено, що з огляду на певні обставини КЗпП України сьогодні не виконує роль основного акта трудового законодавства. Обґрунтована доцільність унесення у статтях 8 та 9 Закону України «Про організацію трудових відносин в умовах воєнного стану» змін слів «жінки, які мають дитину віком до одного року» та «жінок, які мають дитину віком до одного року» на, відповідно, слова «жінки, які мають дитину віком до трьох років» та «жінок, які мають дитину віком до трьох років»
Забезпечення свободи укладення трудового договору та гендерної рівності при прийнятті на роботу в умовах воєнного стану
Get PDFThe state of ensuring the freedom to enter into an employment contract and gender equality in employment under martial law conditions has been studied. It has been proven that getting a job is an important event in the life of every person who, in connection with this, acquires the status of an employee, performs the work specified in the employment contract, and receives wages for the work performed in order to provide oneself and family with the means to existence. The national labor legislation provides for a number of guarantees to ensure the labor rights of a person when hiring. A special place among such guarantees is the provision of freedom to conclude an employment contract and gender equality upon hiring.
The point of view of the scientists regarding the content of the categories “freedom of labor contract” and “equality” has been studied. The norms of national legislation, which provide for the freedom to conclude an employment contract and gender equality in hiring, have been studied. It is indicated that the labor obligation, introduced today under martial law, which does not require the mandatory consent of the person in respect of whom the corresponding labor obligation is introduced, as well as his/her registration in an employment contract, destroys the understanding of the employment contract as an agreement between the parties on working conditions based on free choice.
Proposals and recommendations for improving national legislation have been provided. The expediency of expanding the list of persons who are prohibited from engaging in socially useful works has been substantiated, for this purpose the paragraph 6 of the Procedure for involving able-bodied persons in socially useful works in conditions of martial law, approved by Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated July 13, 2011 No. 753, has been proposed to be set out in the following edition: “It is forbidden to involve minors, pregnant women, women with children under the age of three, as well as persons with disabilities in socially useful works, if the performance of such works may negatively affect their health”.
In order to strengthen the regulatory provision of gender equality in employment, it is proposed to: 1) delete the word “may” after the word “employers” and change the ending of the word “implement” in Part 4 of Article 17 of the Law of Ukraine “On Ensuring Equal Rights and Opportunities of Women and Men”; 2) to supplement the employer’s duties provided for in Part 2 of Article 17 of the Law of Ukraine “On ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men”, as follows: “do not allow discrimination based on gender when concluding, changing and terminating an employment contract”.Досліджено стан забезпечення свободи укладення трудового договору та гендерної рівності при прийнятті на роботу в умовах воєнного стану. Вивчено точки зору науковців щодо змісту категорій «свобода трудового договору» та «рівність». Розроблено пропозиції та рекомендації з удосконалення відповідного національного законодавства. Обґрунтовано доцільність розширення переліку осіб, яких забороняється залучати до суспільно корисних робіт в умовах воєнного стану
Скасування запобіжного заходу у зв’язку з прийняттям уповноваженим органом рішення про передачу підозрюваного, обвинуваченого для обміну як військовополоненого: процесуальний порядок і проблемні питання
Get PDFTaking into account the need to regulate the procedure of exchanging persons as prisoners of war within the framework of criminal proceedings, the legislator fully justified and timely regulated this issue by adopting on July 28, 2022 the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedural Codes of Ukraine and other legislative acts of Ukraine regarding the regulation of the exchange procedure persons as prisoners of war” No. 2472-IX. The addition of the new Article 201-1 to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine contributed to the establishment of the procedure for the cancellation of a preventive measure in connection with the adoption by an authorized body of a decision on the transfer of a suspect, an accused person for exchange as a prisoner of war.
The legislative amendments regarding the procedure for canceling a preventive measure in connection with the adoption by an authorized body of a decision to hand over a suspect, an accused person for exchange as a prisoner of war, have been analyzed. The procedural order of such cancellation has been defined and attention has been focused on the decision to transfer the suspect, the accused for exchange as a prisoner of war as a basis for such cancellation. Problematic issues regarding the normative regulation of the cancellation of a preventive measure in accordance with Art. 201-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and their solution has been proposed.
Revealing the issue regarding the order of implementation of Art. 201-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, it has been determined that the cancellation of the preventive measure is carried out by the investigating judge, the court at the request of the prosecutor. The basis for the prosecutor’s appeal to the investigating judge, the court with the relevant request is the decision of the authorized body to transfer the suspect, the accused for exchange as a prisoner of war. At the same time, the law does not require the decision of the authorized body to transfer the suspect, the accused for exchange as a prisoner of war to the investigating judge, the court; the prosecutor must provide materials confirming the adoption of such a decision. The peculiarity of such a petition consideration is that the law does not require the participation of a person in respect of whom an authorized body has made a decision to exchange as a prisoner of war during the court session.
It has been proven that the normative regulation of the cancellation of a preventive measure needs improvement, in particular with regard to: 1) the title of Article 201-1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine, which should be read as “Cancellation of a preventive measure in connection with the adoption by an authorized body of a decision on the transfer of a suspect, accused for exchange as a prisoner of war”, since its current title is broader than its content; 2) legislative settlement of the consequences of the cancellation of a preventive measure in the event that the exchange of a prisoner of war is not carried out.Враховуючи необхідність врегулювання процедури обміну осіб як військовополонених у межах кримінального провадження, законодавець цілком обґрунтовано та вчасно унормував це питання шляхом ухвалення 28 липня 2022 р. Закону України «Про внесення змін до Кримінального, Кримінального процесуального кодексів України та інших законодавчих актів України щодо врегулювання процедури обміну осіб як військовополонених» № 2472-IX. Проаналізовано законодавчі новели щодо порядку скасування запобіжного заходу у зв’язку з прийняттям уповноваженим органом рішення про передачу підозрюваного, обвинуваченого для обміну як військовополоненого, визначено процесуальний порядок такого скасування та зосереджено увагу на прийнятті рішення про передачу підозрюваного, обвинуваченого для обміну як військовополоненого як підстави такого скасування. Виокремлено проблемні питання щодо нормативного врегулювання скасування запобіжного заходу в порядку ст. 201-1 КПК України та запропоновано їх вирішення
Особливості дотримання прав людини в умовах надзвичайних правових режимів, спричинених пандемією
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the study of the pandemic as a legal prerequisite for the introduction of certain mechanisms for the observance of human rights in the conditions of emergency legal regimes and to the identification of certain features of the observance and guarantee of these rights. A number of domestic and foreign legal acts regulating the introduction of the state of emergency have been analyzed. The main purpose of introducing a state of emergency has been determined. The list of reasons for restricting human rights has been analyzed and attention has been drawn to international experience in preventing this negative phenomenon.
It has been noted that each state operates with a sufficient amount of information in order to determine the level of public danger and thereby answer the question: if it is appropriate to limit human rights. State authorities within their competence are authorized to make decisions regarding the scope and nature of human rights restriction. The state, assessing a certain emergency situation, must do it correctly from the danger of the situation point of view and taking into account the relevant factors (whether there is public danger that threatens the life of the nation), if necessary, declare a state of emergency to combat it. A classification of legal regimes has been carried out, which include extraordinary and hybrid ones. It has been noted that the main difference between them lies in the constitutionalization of the first ones, which provide for a rather significant retreat of the state from ensuring a number of human and citizen rights and freedoms.
Attention has been focused on the fact that, since a state of emergency can lead to the restriction of human rights, it is necessary to turn to the international experience of preventing this negative phenomenon. There are three main tools that human rights law uses to deal with emergencies: human rights exceptions; restriction of human rights; derogation of rights. Taking into account the peculiarities of the emergency situation, it is possible to limit the scope of human rights necessary to overcome the emergency situation, however, at the regulatory level, the list of constitutional rights and freedoms that may be limited and on what grounds should be clearly established.Статтю присвячено дослідженню пандемії як юридичної передумови запровадження певних механізмів дотримання прав людини в умовах надзвичайних правових режимів та виокремленню певних особливостей дотримання і гарантування цих прав. Проаналізовано вітчизняні та закордонні нормативно-правові акти стосовно підстав запровадження надзвичайних правових режимів. Звернено увагу на механізми запобігання обмеженням прав людини під час запровадження надзвичайних правових режимів. Визначено ознаки надзвичайного стану та наведено нормативні засади введення цього стану в Україні. Запропоновано на нормативному рівні чітко закріпити перелік конституційних прав і свобод, які можуть бути обмежені, та підстав такого обмеження
Міжнародно-правове визначення статусу національних меншин у країнах Центральної та Східної Європи в межах Версальської системи
Get PDFPeculiarities of the international legal status determination of the national minorities within the Versailles system have been studied using the example of a number of Central and Eastern European countries. The governments of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary were asked, based on the norms of international law, to develop appropriate provisions for the protection of the rights of national minorities in order to prevent new conflicts and threats to peace.
The system of treaties, declarations and agreements, which were supposed to ensure the observance of the rights of national minorities and whose guarantor was the League of Nations, has been analyzed. In practice, this was embodied in giving minorities the right to submit petitions to the Council or Assembly of the League of Nations, as well as in the activities of the Permanent Chamber of International Justice. The right to submit petitions was used at different times by representatives of the Ruthenian minority in Czechoslovakia, the Russian minority in Eastern Galicia, the Jewish minority in Hungary, the German minority in Poland, etc.
The weaknesses of this system have been identified, which prevented the creation of effective international mechanisms for the protection of the rights of national minorities in the specified regions of Europe. In particular, it has been emphasized that the majority of treaties, conventions, treatises, etc. were openly sabotaged by the countries that were supposed to fulfill them. The governments of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe considered the proposed system unequal, because its conditions did not apply to a number of other multinational states that had similar problems. Conflict situations surrounding the problem of national minorities continued to arise. They were caused by various factors: from divided loyalties and irredentist movements to manifestations of governmental and social discrimination.Досліджено особливості міжнародно-правового визначення статусу національних меншин у межах Версальської системи на прикладі низки країн Центральної та Східної Європи. Проаналізовано систему договорів, декларацій та угод, що мали забезпечувати дотримання прав національних меншин і гарантом яких виступала Ліга Націй. Визначено слабкі сторони цієї системи, які не дозволили створити ефективних міжнародних механізмів захисту прав національних меншин у зазначених регіонах Європи
Використання МВС УРСР агентури для контролю над академічною історичною наукою в радянській Україні (1953р.)
Get PDFOne of the working methods of the state security bodies of the Ukrainian SSR, which were then part of the combined Ministry of Internal Affairs with the scientific intelligentsia, namely with the employees of the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, was revealed. Through the agent, who worked in this structure, state security officials tried to influence the personnel of the Institute and the main areas of its scientific activity. The agent\u27s report was summarized and thoroughly analyzed. In his reports, a description of the state of work on the main research of the Institute’s scientists was provided, with the corresponding assessments characteristic of the era of Stalinist dominance, and, as a rule, a negative description of the Institute’s leading scientists and managers. Attention is focused on several main aspects: the agent work of state security agencies among the scientific intelligentsia and the state and development of historical science in the republic at one of the turning points in its history, because it was in the middle of 1953 that the issue of the main directions of further political, ideological and social development of the state was resolved.
A new important historical document from the Branch State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, which had not been published before, has been introduced into scientific circulation. Biographical materials on the names of the leading historians of Ukraine who worked at that time were added: O. K. Kasimenko, F. P. Shevchenko. Their characteristics in the indicated generalization of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ukrainian SSR and modern assessments of the scientific activity of these scientists were compared. It is emphasized that, in general, O. K. Kasymenko and F. P. Shevchenko supported progressive positions in historical science, taking into account the extent to which it was possible under the conditions of the totalitarian regime in the USSR regarding the history of Ukraine. Considering the current wartime, when ideologues of the aggressor state are constantly searching for “historical roots” in their claims to Ukraine, while referring to the alleged “achievements of historical science”, the topic, related to revealing the influence of totalitarianism on historical science, and turning it into a tool imperial policy, acquires undeniable relevance.Розкрито один із методів роботи органів державної безпеки УРСР, які входили тоді до складу об’єднаного Міністерства внутрішніх справ з науковою інтелігенцією, а саме з працівниками Інституту історії АН УРСР. Через свого агента, який працював у цій структурі, працівники державної безпеки намагалися вплинути на кадровий склад Інституту та основні напрями його наукової діяльності. У донесенні агента надано негативну характеристику стану роботи над основними дослідженнями вчених Інституту і таку ж негативну характеристику провідних учених і керівників Інституту
Поняття публічного порядку як об’єкта адміністративно-правового регулювання
Get PDFBased on a comprehensive study of the researches’ scientific views, the concept of public order as an object of administrative and legal regulation has been investigated and its author’s definition has been proposed. An in-depth analysis of scientific literature has shown that the concept of public order has replaced the public not only due to the development of legislation, but also due to the strengthening of comparative studies.
It is emphasized that the absence of public order, that is, the situation when everyone does what they want and can violate the rights of others, while committing socially dangerous acts, makes it impossible to feel the protection of the state’ opulation. It is stated that public order is: a) a qualitative characteristic of social relations in the field of public security, which provides for the use by each person of his or her rights and freedoms to the extent determined by society and regulated by the norms of current legislation; b) a system of special imperative requirements for each representative of society and his or her behaviour, which are ensured by state measures, in particular coercive ones, and which cannot violate the norms of public morality, social interests, individual human rights and/or carry social danger; c) a system of social and economic rights and freedoms, which are regulated by the norms of current legislation.
According to the results of the study, it has been determined that public order as an object of administrative and legal regulation is a public legal relationship regulated by the norms of current administrative legislation, which arise in relation to the creation of such a social order in which the legitimate rights, interests and freedoms of man and citizen cannot be violated by other persons, public authorities and local self-government bodies.Акцентовано увагу на відсутності єдиного теоретичного підходу до визначення поняття «публічний порядок», зокрема як об’єкта адміністративно-правового регулювання. Розкрито наукові думки вчених щодо тлумачення цієї наукової категорії. Визначено, що поняття публічного порядку прийшло на заміну громадському не тільки завдяки розвитку законодавства, але й завдяки посиленню компаративістських досліджень. За результатами проведеного дослідження запропоновано авторське розуміння поняття публічного порядку як об’єкта адміністративно-правового регулювання