UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri) Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta: E-Journal Fakultas Adab dan Ilmu Budaya
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Emancipation and Opportunity: Position of Slaves in Islam and the Islamicate World with a Special Reference to Delhi Sultanate, circa 1206-1290 AD
Full text linkThis paper explores how slaves were treated in Islam, particularly within the larger Sunni vision of shari’a. In fact, this paper argues that slavery provided an opportunity for people from the lower strata of society to gain a position of power. In this regard, the paper takes the early Delhi Sultans (c.1206-c.1290) as a template to explain how slavery acted as a tool of emancipation and opportunity within the Islamicate[1] world during the medieval period. Unlike western societies, why slaves (Mamluks) would enjoy such an overwhelming power and authority in the Islamicate world requires adequate scholarly attention. Who were the people primarily recruited as enslaved people? What were the reasons for their recruitment? This paper searches answer for these questions. The paper also endeavours to understand the differences between slavery and the mamluk system that developed in the Islamicate world in the ninth century. How did slaves become the king? Did the Turks, who were predominantly enrolled as mamluks reciprocate the process of the ghulam system started by the Abbasid Caliph? If so, what was the reason for a person to choose slavery over free life? This paper examines all these questions to understand whether it was the Islamic ethical teaching that emancipated slaves or it was the political need of that age that converted slavery, particularly the mamluksystem, into an opportunity for many.[1] Islamicate would refer not directly to the religion, Islam, itself, but to the social and cultural complex historically associated with Islam and the Muslims, both among Muslims themselves and even when found among non-Muslims. Massimo Campanini, “Heidegger in the Islamicate World,” in Rivista di Filosofia Neo-Scolastica, Vol. 111, No. 3 (2019), pp. 735-740
The Influence of the Annales School and Colonial Historiography in Indonesian Islamic Historiography
Full text linkThis article aims to analyze the influence of modern historiography, namely the Annales school and colonial historiography, in the development of Indonesian Islamic historiography. In the traditional period, Indonesian Islamic historiographical themes were only oriented towards political history, the methodology used was not systematic, and the style of writing was descriptive-narrative. This article is a literature study using historical methods consisting of heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiographical stages. The primary sources used consist of several works of historians influenced by modern historiography. In addition, secondary sources are used in the form of books and scientific articles obtained through direct and digital searches. Furthermore, verification and interpretation of the sources found are carried out and presented in the form of descriptive-analytical articles. This research found that the Annales school and colonial historiography influenced Indonesian Islamic historiography. Its influence lies in the methodological aspects and the spread of global themes. This can be analyzed in the works of Hoesein Djajadiningrat, Sartono Kartodirdjo, and Azyumardi Azra. The education of these historians and the spread of ideas at the beginning of the 20th century became important factors in the internalization of modern historiographical values in Indonesian Islamic historiography. It was concluded that the influence of modern historiography on Indonesian Islamic historiography is the realization of total history writing
Divide et Impera in the Banten Sultanate: The Political Succession of Sultan Haji and VOC\u27s Pepper Monopoly in the 17th and 18th Centuries
Full text linkNusantara\u27s spice commodities became one of the determining factors of the global spice trade in the 17th and 18th centuries. There were three types of superior spices produced by the Nusantara such as cloves, nutmeg, and pepper. In the 17th century AD, Banten Sultanate was known as a pepper producer, and its pepper trade significantly influenced the economic and political development of the region. Apart from improving the economy, this commodity was also used to establish diplomatic relations between foreign nations. However, the pepper trade also became one of the factors that caused conflict in the Banten Sultanate. The implementation of the divide et impera strategy by the VOC caused an internal conflict between Sultan Haji and Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. The conflict occurred when Sultan Haji allied with the VOC to succeed his father, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Sultan Haji made an agreement with the VOC in 1684, allowing the company to monopolize the pepper trade. This research examines this issue by looking at the overall condition of the pepper trade before and after the VOC\u27s presence in the Banten Sultanate and the succession of Sultan Haji through the 1684 pepper trade agreement. This qualitative research uses historical research methods with a political approach. The theory used in this research is political economy theory, which includes understanding power, economic system, and public policy. The historical research method comprises heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography stages. The analysis using a political approach reveals the extent to which the Banten Sultanate\u27s pepper trade policy influenced the succession of Sultan Haji and the monopolization of the pepper trade by the VOC