Ural Federal University: URFU Journal Systems / Журнальный портал УРФУ
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Multiplier transformation of E-commerce to S-commerce in emerging economy
Get PDFRelevance. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) and social commerce (s-commerce) are transforming business and consumer behaviour in Southeast Asia, propelled by digital advancements and increased internet and smartphone usage. This trend is significantly influencing economic growth and market dynamics in these emerging economies.Research Objective. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, it seeks to explore the evolution from e-commerce to s-commerce in emerging economies, examining the opportunities and challenges embedded in this transition, and discussing the implications for businesses and consumers alike.Data and Methods. To achieve these objectives, we used a quantitative approach, surveying 872 Thai participants through an online questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. Additionally, we analyzed the data comparing e-commerce and s-commerce across Southeast Asian countries using the documentary method and content analysis.Results. Consumer spending through e-commerce and s-commerce has a significant positive impact on economic growth in Thailand, surpassing the impact of government spending. Private consumption, a substantial component of Thailand's GDP, stimulates production, investment, and job creation, fostering overall economic advancement. In Southeast Asia, distinct e-commerce trends are evident: Thailand benefits from high internet and smartphone usage, Indonesia from robust social media engagement, and Vietnam from a focus on social commerce and mobile, cross-border e-commerce. These diverse trends underscore the necessity for businesses to tailor their strategies to each country's unique consumer behaviors and preferences.Conclusions. The study confirms the significant impact of electronic consumption through e-commerce and social media on GDP growth. This form of consumption not only drives demand but also creates jobs, enhances efficiency, and opens up opportunities for international trade, fostering sustained economic development. In light of these findings, governments are advised to bolster digital infrastructure and support businesses in their digital transition. Meanwhile, businesses are recommended to adapt to digital models, emphasize consumer engagement, expand globally through online platforms, and integrate sustainable practices. Collectively, these measures are designed to harness the full potential of electronic consumption for sustainable and robust economic growth
Exploring the role of interregional technological cooperation in macro-regional spatial and innovation development
Get PDFRelevance. The paper explores interregional cooperation, examining the challenges of aligning spatial and innovation development in macro-regions, with a focus on two federal districts of Russia. The study assesses the potential of interregional cooperation among neighboring regions within a single federal district, as well as among more distant regions across different federal districts.Research Objective. The study aims to test two hypotheses: the first deals with the viability of imitation innovation strategies in peripheral regions of both intra and inter-federal districts. The second hypothesis concerns the presence of innovation interdependence (autocorrelation) among regions from different federal districts, influenced by the level and industrial compatibility of innovation outputs.Data and methods. The study employs the DEA method to identify central and peripheral regions (imitator regions) by calculating technical efficiency indicators. It also uses coupling interregional complementarity indexes to assess the potential for interregional cooperation in innovation and technological import substitution, considering the industrial profiles of the regions. Spatial autocorrelation is evaluated by using Moran's Index to estimate the level of regional interdependence, factoring in the level and industry conformity of innovation output. The novelty of the proposed methodological approach lies in the application of interregional indexes of innovation complementarity as weighting coefficients in Moran's Index calculation.Results. The study reveals a rise in spatial inequality, competition among regions, and constrained interregional innovation cooperation across federal districts. Geographical proximity currently plays a pivotal role in cooperation, with initial indications of a macro-regional space evolving through knowledge exchange. However, both hypotheses concerning imitation strategies and autocorrelation are only confirmed for regions within a single federal district.Conclusions. The findings of this study regarding spatial autocorrelation offer valuable insights for policymakers in the sphere of regional innovation
Indonesia's export comparative and competitiveness advantages in the 'emerging market' scheme during the pandemic
Get PDFRelevance. The unprecedented disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the global economy, including Indonesia. Despite the challenges, Indonesia successfully managed to navigate and recover its international economic activities. Analyzing how Indonesia navigated its export advantages during the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial for understanding its resilience in the global economy.Research objective. The study aims to analyze the comparative and competitiveness of Indonesian export products, particularly the food processing industry, under the scheme of emerging markets and developing economies during the COVID-19 pandemic.Data and methods. This study relies on the data from Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) and the Indonesian Ministry of Trade, along with world export data from the World Bank, OECD, and the International Trade Center, to examine the food processing industry during the 2021-2022 pandemic. Using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) model, it classifies comparative products for potential exports and diversification guidance. The Export Product Dynamics (EPD) model measures competitive advantage and serves as an early warning indicator, providing a comprehensive trade analysis for identifying growth opportunities and mitigating risks.Results. The RCA findings indicate that Indonesian processed food products for emerging market countries exhibit strong comparatives, supported by factors such as selling prices, production capacity, innovative technology, and trade tariff policies. This is reinforced by the results of the EPD analysis, which shows the dominance or rising star status of these products.Conclusions. The dominance of processed Indonesian food products points to the need for the government to uphold and expand exports beyond emerging market countries. Recommended measures include initiating revitalization, transformation, market analysis, and evaluating products categorized as falling stars or experiencing failures, missed opportunities, and retreats. Additionally, a focus on the upstream-downstream sectors of the food processing industry is crucial
Structural stability and features of electrical and electrochemical behavior under reducing conditions of Pr0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3–δ material for the symmetrical SOFCs
Get PDFIn this study, a performance of the complex oxide composition of Pr0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3–δ was investigated from the viewpoint of its use as a fuel or symmetrical electrode for the electrochemical devices with a LaGaO3-based solid electrolyte. The results show that the above-mentioned oxide can be obtained as a single-phase composition using solid-phase synthesis with a final annealing temperature of 1150 °C. It has been shown that the oxide retains satisfactory stability at 800 °C in an atmosphere of 5 % H2 + Ar, only a minor amount, presumably of Co-Fe alloy, has been detected. The electrical conductivity of the oxide in wet hydrogen exhibits a linear semiconductor-type behavior with a conductivity value of 7 S · cm–1 at 800 °C. The polarization resistance of the Pr0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3–δ electrode in wet hydrogen atmosphere reaches approximately 1.09 Ω · cm2 at 800 °C, which is a relatively high value for the electrodes of electrochemical devices. A significant reduction in resistance down to 0.43 Ω · cm2 is observed for the electrode activated with impregnated ceria. It has been demonstrated that the observed decrease in resistance is due to the expansion of the area of the electrochemical reaction without changing its mechanism. The long-term tests with a duration of about 220 h at 800 °C in a wet hydrogen atmosphere demonstrate satisfactory stability of the electrochemical activity of the Pr0.4Sr0.6Co0.2Fe0.7Nb0.1O3–δ electrode, which can be considered as a promising electrode for intermediate temperature electrochemical devices, including those of symmetrical design
Field-assisted sintering of refractory oxygen-ion and proton conducting ceramics
Get PDFSolid oxides with high oxygen-ion and proton conductivity have been extensively studied for applications in electrochemical devices such as fuel cells, electrolyzers, sensors, hydrogen separators, etc. However, the preparation of high-density ceramic electrolytes is often complicated by the exceptional refractoriness of most oxygen-ion conducting solid oxide phases. Therefore, conventional sintering of these materials is very energy consuming and low effective. In recent years, non-conventional field-assisted sintering technologies (FASTs) such as spark plasma sintering, flash sintering and microwave sintering, have been developed and applied for sintering dense ceramic electrolytes at reduced temperatures. In this article, the applications of FASTs for densification of refractory oxygen-ion and proton conducting ceramics are reviewed, while the mechanisms, advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed, with special emphasis on the effects of FASTs on the microstructural and transport properties of sintered materials, and the performance of FAST-processed electrochemical cells
Спектрометры оптические Гранд – новое средство измерения массовых долей определяемых элементов
Get PDFIn 2023, optical spectrometers Grand were included in the Russian State Register of Measuring Instruments under No. 89108-23 as a tool for measuring the mass fractions of analytes in natural and industrial materials. These spectrometers are manufactured by VMK-Optoelektronika company in ten modifications, nine of which are atomic emission spectrometers and one is an atomic absorption spectrometer:Atomic emission spectrometersa. Grand-Globula, Grand-Kristall, and Grand-Express arc and spark discharge spectrometers for direct (without preliminary chemical preparation) analysis of powder samples and metals;b. Grand-Potok arc discharge spectrometer for rapid analysis of powder samples using the spill-injection method;c. Grand-Expert and Grand-Favorit vacuum argon spark discharge spectrometers for rapid analysis of metals and alloys;d. Grand-MP nitrogen microwave plasma spectrometer and Grand-ICP inductively coupled argon plasma spectrometer for analysis of liquid samples;e. Grand-Pavlin flame emission spectrometer for determination of alkali and alkaline earth elements in solutions.Grand-AAS high-resolution continuum source electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometer for simultaneous multielement determination in liquids.Atomic emission spectrometers have various spectrum excitation sources based on almost all atomization and excitation methods known in atomic emission spectrometry. Grand-AAS atomic absorption spectrometer is the world's first commercial instrument that allows the simultaneous determination of more than 40 elements in a liquid in one electrothermal atomization cycle with analytical performance close to that of modern electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometers for the sequential determination of elements.Keywords: Optical spectrometry, atomic emission, atomic absorption, spectrometer, spectrum analyzer, MAES, photodetector arrays, simultaneous multielement determination.В 2023 году в Госреестр средств измерений РФ под № 89108-23 был включён новый тип «Спектрометры оптические Гранд», как средство измерения массовых долей определяемых элементов в природных и промышленных материалах. Спектрометры выпускает предприятие «ВМК-Оптоэлектроника» в десяти модификациях, девять из которых являются атомно-эмиссионными спектрометрами и одна атомно-абсорбционным:Атомно-эмиссионные спектрометрыГранд-Глобула, Гранд-Кристалл и Гранд-Экспресс с дуговым и искровым разрядами для прямого (без предварительной химической подготовки) анализа порошковых проб и металлов;Гранд-Поток с дуговым разрядом для экспресс-анализа порошковых проб методом просыпки;вакуумные спектрометры Гранд-Эксперт и Гранд-Фаворит с искровым разрядом в атмосфере аргона для экспресс-анализа металлов и сплавов;Гранд-СВЧ с азотной микроволновой плазмой и Гранд-ИСП с аргоновой индуктивно связанной плазмой для анализа жидкостей;Гранд-Павлин с фотометрией пламени для определения щелочных и щелочноземельных элементов в растворах.Атомно-абсорбционный спектрометр Гранд-ААС высокого спектрального разрешения с источником непрерывного спектра и электротермическим атомизатором (ЭТА) для одновременного определения элементов в жидкости.Атомно-эмиссионные спектрометры отличаются источниками возбуждения спектров, которые реализуют практически все известные в атомно-эмиссионной спектрометрии способы атомизации и возбуждения анализируемого вещества. Атомно-абсорбционный спектрометр Гранд-ААС является первым в мире серийным прибором, на котором возможно одновременное определение более 40 элементов в жидкости за один цикл ЭТА с аналитическими характеристиками, близкими к характеристикам современных ААС-ЭТА с последовательным определением элементов. Ключевые слова: оптическая спектрометрия, атомно-эмиссионный, атомно-абсорбционный, спектрометр, анализатор спектров, МАЭС, линейка фотодетекторов, одновременное определение элементов
Актуальные области исследований в аналитике. 2019-2023 гг.
Get PDFThis article presents the results of scientometric lexical study of titles of most cited publications in analytical chemistry in 2019-23, and outlines most topical research fields in that time span. They are consistent with the current trends in progress of analytics, i.e. miniaturization of analytical instruments and application of chemical analysis for biomedicine and environment protection. Development of sensor technology, applicable in particular for diagnostics of coronavirus diseases, corresponds to both trends. Environmental aspects of analytics are evident in the detection of microplastics and the emergence of green analytical chemistry. Lexical monitoring of scientific articles is convenient by its expressiveness.Keywords: analytics, scientometrics, terminology, development, sensors, microplastics, green analytical chemistryВ статье изложены результаты наукометрического исследования лексики, относящейся к заголовкам наиболее цитируемых публикаций по аналитической химии в 2019-23 гг., и очерчены наиболее актуальные для этого времени области исследований. Они согласуются с современными тенденциями развития аналитики - миниатюризацией аналитической техники и приложением химического анализа к биомедицине и охране окружающей среды. Развитие сенсорной техники, применимой, в частности, в диагностике коронавирусных заболеваний, соответствует обеим тенденциям. Экологические аспекты аналитики проявляются в определении микропластика и становлении зеленой аналитической химии. Лексический мониторинг массивов научных статей удобен своей экспрессностью.Ключевые слова: аналитика, наукометрия, терминология, развитие, сенсоры, микропластик, зеленая аналитическая хими
Rapid voltammetric determination of hemagglutinin in saliva using magnetic nanoparticles modified with triazolotriazine in a portable cell design
No full textExpress determination of the viral nature of the diseases is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine. Portable electrochemicalanalytical devices are used to complement standard laboratory analytical methods and implement analysis at the patient's bedside. A rapid approach of voltammetric determination of the viral marker protein hemagglutinin (НA) in saliva using portable electrochemical microcell based on the three-electrode planar system (TPS) and magnetite nanoparticles modified with 3-nitro-4‑hydroxy-1,4-dihydro-7-propargylthio-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine (MNPs-Aza) was developed. MNPs-Aza were synthesized by carbodiimide cross-linking and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. Modified MNPs were used simultaneously as carriers of the HA receptor and as agents for HA-Aza complexes concentrating on the surface of the working electrode. The normalized difference between the peak current values of the first stage of electroreduction of Aza before and after selective interaction with the HA in the analyzed sample (I*) was used as the analytical signal. Under the selected operating conditions of the developed portable microcell, linear calibration I* = (12.81±0.26) lg сHA + (136.75±1.73) was obtained in the range of 10–3–10–9 M. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated by the 3σ criteria was 8.4·10–10 M. The developed approach was successfully tested on model solutions and real saliva samples
Synthesis and selective Cu(II) complexation of lower rim substituted thiacalixarenes containing pyrazole fragments
No full textSelective sensors for the detection and quantification of Cu(II) ions are actively used to investigate in vivo conditions in Wilsons and Menkes diseases at the cellular level. Such sensors must have a high specificity for this cation as well as low toxicity. A synthetic approach for the preparation of selective sensors for Cu(II) cations based on p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arenes modified with 3,5-dimethylpyrazole moieties in cone, partial cone and 1,3-alternate stereoisomeric forms was developed. The obtained compounds were characterized by single-crystal XRD, NMR and IR spectroscopy, MALDI MS, and elemental analysis. All synthesized thiacalixarene compounds formed complexes with Cu(II) with the binding constants in range logK = 4.44–4.63 and 1:1 stoichiometry. The structure of the obtained complexes was studied by NMR spectroscopy and DFT methods. The obtained results can be used to develop selective Cu(II) sensors
Китай в трудах русских ориенталистов Харбина (1909–1917)
Get PDFThe article is devoted to the study of the image of China presented on the pages of the “Bulletin of Asia” published by the Harbin Russian Orientalists’ Society in the period 1909–1917. The image of China that had developed in the consciousness of Russian educated society by the beginning of the twentieth century, despite its diametrically opposite essential assessments, was generally in line with West-centrism with a predominance of a negative approach in the perception of “backward” Asian societies. The Harbin orientalists, being part of the Russian “colonial” apparatus in Manchuria, which realized the imperial cultural and managerial tasks of Russia here, did not always share the official imperial orientalist discourse. They ambiguously interpreted the state interests of Russia in the Far East, an idea that occupied a central place in their political publications. The image of China in the publications of the “Bulletin of Asia” is generally sustained in the context of Western Orientalist discourse, but at the same time has a few options. In the period preceding the Xinhai Revolution, the most important characteristic in China’s presentations was the metaphor of the “awakening”, renewal of the country according to the Western model, combined with the anti-imperial orientation of orientalist discourse. The Xinhai Revolution disappointed Harbin Orientalists and made them doubt the possibility of radical transformations in Chinese society. During the First World War, the orientalist discourse of the publications of the “Bulletin of Asia” acquired a pronounced imperial character. China was positioned as an “unfriendly” country, incapable of progressive “renewal” and almost a potential ally of Germany. This justified the imperialist policy of Russia and Japan in dividing Northeast China into spheres of influence.Статья посвящена исследованию образа Китая, представленного на страницах выпускавшегося харбинским Обществом русских ориенталистов журналом «Вестник Азии» в период 1909–1917 гг. Сложившийся в сознании российского образованного общества к началу ХХ в. образ Китая, несмотря на его диаметрально противоположные сущностные оценки, в целом находился в русле западоцентризма с преобладанием негативного подхода в восприятии «отсталых» и «застывших» азиатских обществ. Харбинские ориенталисты, являясь частью российского «колониального» аппарата в Маньчжурии, реализовавшего здесь имперские культуртрегерские задачи России, далеко не всегда разделяли официальный имперский ориенталистский дискурс и неоднозначно трактовали государственные интересы России на Дальнем Востоке – идею, занимавшую центральное место в их публикациях, имевших общественно-политический характер. Образ Китая в публикациях «Вестника Азии» в целом выдержан в контексте западнического ориенталистского дискурса, но в то же время имеет ряд вариантов. В период, предшествовавший Синьхайской революции, важнейшей характеристикой в презентациях Китая являлась метафора «пробуждения», «обновления» страны по западному образцу, сочетавшаяся с антиимперской направленностью ориенталистского дискурса. Синьхайская революция принесла разочарование харбинским ориенталистам и заставила их усомниться в возможности кардинальных преобразований в китайском обществе. В годы Первой мировой войны ориенталистский дискурс публикаций «Вестника Азии» приобрел ярко выраженный имперский характер. Китай позиционировался как страна «недружелюбная», неспособная к прогрессивному «обновлению» и едва ли не потенциальный союзник Германии, чем оправдывалась империалистическая политика России и Японии по разделу Северо-Восточного Китая на сферы влияния