Open Journal System (OJS) Universitas Bengkulu
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AFFECT IN COMMENTS ON SENSUAL CONTENT ON SOCIAL MEDIA X: AN APPRAISAL STUDY
Full text linkSocial media is now a means of communication, information search, and interaction. One of the most widely used platforms is social media X. On this platform, users can not only share information but also freely upload various types of content, including photos and videos. The content published is also very diverse, ranging from general topics to explicit content, including vulgar and even pornographic material, without any strict restrictions from the platform. One example is the X social media account of June Liu, an adult actress from China with more than 1.7 million followers, making her one of the most influential figures in the digital world. Through this platform, users can participate in discussions by commenting on each post. In these interactions, affective expressions often appear, reflecting a wide range of emotions, both positive ones that show appreciation or pleasant emotional responses and negative ones that show dislike or unpleasant emotional responses. Affect itself is one of the components in the Appraisal system that refers to the expression of emotions in language, either directly or indirectly. In this study, data in the form of Mandarin comments were collected using purposive sampling and analysed using content analysis. The results of the study show that two types of affect emerge, namely: (1) positive affect with the categories of happiness, security, and satisfaction, and (2) negative affect with the category of dissatisfaction
Fostering Self-Regulated Learning (SRL): Higher education students’ insights on formative online reflective journals
Full text linkJournaling serves as a documented account of the thoughts and emotions experienced in daily life. This term has also been analyzed in the educational context, especially in language learning. In addition, online reflective journals have been the subject of multiple studies, but these studies have all involved teachers rather than students. Thus, the effect of formative online reflective journals on SRL among college students is investigated in this research. The data was evaluated using central tendency measurement after fifty-two students were asked to provide quantitative data on their perspectives on using reflective journals. Subsequently, five students were interviewed using a semi-structured interview to gather additional qualitative data. Additionally, document analysis was used in this investigation. The results show that students' SRL abilities may be significantly improved by using online reflective journals, which contribute to students' motivation, self-awareness, and metacognition. During this research process, educator administration, an appropriate method and the empowering of student learning environment are elements that affects reflective journals being active properly. The results of this study are anticipated to offer important insights on the use and efficacy formative online reflective journals, as one intervention tool for SRL among higher education students in a well-established university setting. More precisely, the outcomes guide us on responding to this research question: What are the key components of formative online reflective journals that support the development of self-regulated learning (SRL) among higher education students
Prototype sistem monitoring status pintu berbasis iot dengan notifikasi web dan telegram
No full textIn the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an innovative solution for enhancing home security. This study designs and implements an IoT-based monitoring door status system using the ESP8266 microcontroller combined with a magnetic sensor. The system enables real-time monitoring and notifications to users via Telegram and provides door status display through a website. With an integrated alarm feature to prevent unauthorized access, this system is expected to enhance home security at a more affordable cost compared to conventional security systems. Testing results indicate that the system accurately detects door status changes with a notification response time of less than 2 seconds. These findings demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in improving security and user conveniencel.In the era of the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become an innovative solution for enhancing home security. This study designs and implements an IoT-based monitoring door status system using the ESP8266 microcontroller combined with a magnetic sensor. The system enables real-time monitoring and notifications to users via Telegram and provides door status display through a website. With an integrated alarm feature to prevent unauthorized access, this system is expected to enhance home security at a more affordable cost compared to conventional security systems. Testing results indicate that the system accurately detects door status changes with a notification response time of less than 2 seconds. These findings demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in improving security and user conveniencel
REHABILITASI HUKUM BAGI KORBAN ERROR IN PERSONA DALAM SISTEM PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN INDONESIA
No full textThis article examines the problem of error in persona within the Indonesian criminal justice system, namely the wrongful arrest or conviction of individuals who are in fact innocent. Although the Constitution and statutory regulations guarantee the protection of human rights, legal provisions governing rehabilitation for victims of error in persona remain very limited and are dispersed across various, non-integrated legal instruments. While several studies have addressed the issue of error in persona, this research offers a normative legal analysis focusing on the adequacy and coherence of legal regulations concerning the rehabilitation of victims of error in persona. The findings indicate that the existing rehabilitation mechanisms have not been able to provide optimal restoration of victims’ rights. This study employs a normative legal research method with a statutory approach by examining applicable laws and regulations. The results demonstrate the necessity of legal reform through the establishment of specific regulations that guarantee comprehensive recovery, including fair compensation, restoration of reputation, and psychosocial rehabilitation. Such reform is essential to strengthen the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights and to enhance the accountability of the criminal justice system in Indonesia.Artikel ini membahas problematika error in persona dalam sistem peradilan pidana Indonesia, yaitu kesalahan penangkapan atau pemidanaan terhadap individu yang sebenarnya tidak bersalah. Meskipun konstitusi dan peraturan perundang-undangan telah menjamin perlindungan hak asasi manusia, regulasi mengenai rehabilitasi bagi korban error in persona masih sangat terbatas dan tersebar dalam berbagai ketentuan yang belum terintegrasi. Penelitian ini menyoroti lemahnya mekanisme rehabilitasi, tidak adanya pengaturan yang eksplisit, serta hambatan administratif dan pembuktian yang tinggi dalam pelaksanaannya. Metode analisis dilakukan melalui studi normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya reformasi hukum melalui pembentukan regulasi khusus yang menjamin pemulihan menyeluruh, termasuk kompensasi yang adil, pemulihan nama baik, dan rehabilitasi psikososial. Hal ini penting untuk memperkuat perlindungan terhadap hak konstitusional warga negara dan meningkatkan akuntabilitas sistem peradilan pidana di Indonesia.
Kata kunci: error in persona; rehabilitasi; sistem peradilan pidana; kompensasi
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE AGAINST ISRAEL IN THE 2025 GAZA GENOCIDE CASE
No full textThis study analyzes the effectiveness of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in addressing the alleged genocide committed by Israel in the Gaza Strip in 2025, highlighting the tension between international legal norms and global political realities. The research employs a qualitative approach through library research. The findings show that the ICJ plays a pivotal role in affirming the prohibition of genocide as a jus cogens norm and in issuing binding provisional measures, including orders for the prevention of genocide and guarantees of humanitarian aid access. However, the implementation of these rulings faces significant obstacles in the field. United Nations reports up to mid-2025 indicate that humanitarian aid distribution remains blocked and attacks on civilian areas continue, revealing a compliance gap between legal obligations and political reality. This research concludes that the ICJ’s effectiveness lies more in its normative and reputational influence than in its coercive power. Its decisions provide a foundation for the legitimacy of diplomatic pressure, encourage informal sanctions, and strengthen the anti-genocide norm at the international level
Ginger writer feedback in English writing assessment: Association with motivation and self-confidence among Indonesian secondary students
Full text linkLimited evidence exists on how platform-specific AI feedback functions in secondary EFL writing assessment—especially regarding its connections to learners’ motivation and self-confidence. This mixed-methods study used a one-group pre–post design with 35 Indonesian secondary EFL students during regular classes, integrating Ginger Writer. Motivation items were adapted from Schmidt & Watanabe, and self-confidence items from Bandura; both scales used 5-point Likert responses and showed good internal consistency. Semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and non-participant observations explored students’ experiences with AI feedback during drafting and revision. Quantitatively, motivation increased significantly (pre: M=20.9, post: M=22.1; t(34)=−2.32, p=.026, Cohen’s d₍z₎≈0.39), while self-confidence rose modestly but not significantly (pre: M=20.7, post: M=21.5; t(34)=−1.80, p=.081, d₍z₎≈0.30). Qualitative data showed students describing immediate, non-judgmental feedback that supported iterative revision, error noticing, and sustained effort, along with limitations such as connectivity issues and the need for teacher mediation to interpret suggestions. Triangulation suggests that quick, actionable feedback is linked to increased motivation during revision cycles, whereas confidence may require more extended exposure and scaffolding. The study indicates that schools can feasibly incorporate platform-specific AI feedback into formative writing assessment when combined with teacher guidance and reliable access; policy should support teacher professional development and infrastructure to enable equitable implementation
Counter-claiming and indicating gaps in English RAIs in the Indonesian context
Full text linkGenre of research article introductions (RAIs) have received increasing numbers of scholarly research worldwide, including in the Indonesian context, and establishing a niche has been previously addressed in the literature. However, studies to justify current research in Indonesian contexts are still limited, particularly those published in accredited Sinta journals, while understanding how to establish a niche is pivotal to provide understanding and awareness to students and novice authors. This study aims to address this need by analyzing counter-claiming and indicating a gap to establish a niche in 100 English RAIs written by Indonesian authors in the discipline of language education published in Sinta 2-accredited journals, and how authors linguistically realize these two communicative steps. It used genre-based analysis, more specifically, the Move 2 Establishing a niche of create research space (CARS) model as an analytical framework. The results revealed that an evolving genre has occurred in this study. Indonesian authors employed counter-claiming and indicated a gap for establishing a niche. However, while counter-claiming is optional, indicating a gap is conventional in this study. To realize these two steps, the authors employed linguistic strategies to justify their current research areas. These results imply that genre in English RAIs in the present study may become future examples and as a starting point for evolving genre. The reason behind these findings are discussed further in the discussion section
The Relationship between ChatGPT reliance, critical use, and critical reading skills among Indonesian undergraduate students
Full text linkThe increasingly frequent use of ChatGPT in higher education raises questions about its impact on how students critically read a range of academic texts. However, empirical evidence examining the relationship between the dependence and critical use of ChatGPT and college students' critical reading ability is limited. Three aspects were investigated in this study: students' dependence on ChatGPT, their critical use of ChatGPT, and how these relate to students' critical reading skills. This study aimed to examine university students, specifically 79 students at a public university in Indonesia. Students were given a critical reading test, which was in the form of an essay, and there was also a questionnaire to measure students' dependency and critical use of ChatGPT. The results were descriptive, showing that the students' level of ChatGPT dependency was moderate (mean = 3.10) and their level of critical use was quite good (mean = 3.87). For critical reading scores, results ranged from 31.25 to 92.19, with an average in the moderate category. The results of multiple linear regression show that neither critical use nor dependence on ChatGPT has a statistically significant relationship with students’ critical reading skills (β = 0.164, p = 0.151; β = −0.071, p = 0.530). Overall, these results indicate that students' engagement with ChatGPT has not had a clear or significant effect on their critical reading performance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings. These findings indicate that reliance on AI and critical use of ChatGPT alone may not be sufficient to influence students' critical reading abilities, suggesting that other factors may also play a role. Therefore, future research should involve a more diverse population and develop more specific, contextually relevant instruments, particularly those linking ChatGPT use to critical reading skills, while also considering other mediating variables
Pengembangan E-booklet Ragam Tanaman Obat di Banten Pada Materi Klasifikasi Makhluk Hidup Untuk Menumbuhkan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik SMP Kelas VII
No full textLow interest in learning is a common problem in the learning process. The cause is the limited teaching materials available in schools. This condition results in suboptimal understanding of the material and decreased student engagement during learning activities. Based on these problems, an e-booklet teaching material was developed to support the learning interest of seventh-grade junior high school students. The purpose of this study was to measure the validity and response of students to teaching materials in the form of e-booklets discussing medicinal plants in the Banten region. The method applied in this study was Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of four stages, namely analysis, design, development, and implementation. The research instruments consisted of expert validation sheets and questionnaires to measure student responses, which had undergone a validation process by instrument experts using the judgment method. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative approaches. The results showed that the e-booklet achieved a validity level of “Highly Valid” with an average percentage of 87.84%, based on validation from subject matter experts, teaching material experts, and practitioner experts who were junior high school science teachers. After undergoing a revision process, the product was tested on a limited basis with students and received a response rate of 97.79%, which falls into the “Very Good” category. Thus, the e-booklet is declared suitable for use as teaching material.Rendahnya minat belajar merupakan permasalahan yang kerap terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran, Penyebabnya adalah keterbatasan bahan ajar yang tersedia di sekolah. Kondisi tersebut berdampak pada kurang optimalnya pemahaman materi serta menurunnya keterlibatan peserta didik selama kegiatan belajar berlangsung. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut maka dikembangkan bahan ajar e-booklet untuk yang dirancang untuk menunjang minat belajar peserta didik SMP kelas VII. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengukur validitas dan respon peserta didik terhadap bahan ajar berupa e-booklet yang membahas tanaman obat di wilayah Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D) dengan menerapkan model ADDIE, yang mencakup empat tahap, yaitu analisis, desain, pengembangan, dan implementasi. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari lembar validasi ahli serta angket untuk mengukur respon peserta didik, yang telah melalui proses validasi oleh ahli instrumen melalui metode judgement. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa e-booklet mencapai tingkat validitas “Sangat Valid” dengan persentase rata-rata sebesar 87,84%, berdasarkan validasi dari ahli materi, ahli bahan ajar, dan ahli praktisi yang merupakan guru IPA SMP. Setelah melalui proses revisi, produk tersebut diuji coba terbatas kepada peserta didik dan mendapatkan respon dengan persentase 97,79%, yang tergolong “Sangat Baik”. Dengan demikian, e-booklet dinyatakan layak digunakan sebagai bahan ajar
Penguatan Literasi Sains sebagai Instrumen Pertahanan Negara: Tinjauan Literatur Melawan Disinformasi Lingkungan dan Bencana
Full text linkEnvironmental and disaster disinformation has evolved into a serious hybrid threat to national defense, targeting social stability and public trust during crises. This study aims to analyze the strategic role of science literacy as a non-military defense modality in countering false narratives and pseudoscience. Employing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method with the PRISMA protocol, this study reviewed selected articles published between 2020 and 2025 from Scopus, Google Scholar, and Garuda Portal databases. The analysis reveals that disaster disinformation operates as a form of cognitive warfare that undermines national mitigation responses. Key findings confirm that science literacy functions effectively as a "cognitive shield" that enhances public resistance to hoaxes, while simultaneously repositioning critical thinking skills as a modern manifestation of the State Defense (Bela Negara) concept within the Universal People's Defense and Security System (Sishankamrata). This study concludes that integrating science curriculum with defense doctrine is imperative to build adaptive national resilience. Synergy between the education and defense sectors is recommended to create a resilient information ecosystem.Disinformasi lingkungan dan kebencanaan kini telah berevolusi menjadi ancaman hibrida yang serius bagi pertahanan negara, menyasar stabilitas sosial dan kepercayaan publik di tengah krisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran strategis literasi sains sebagai modalitas pertahanan nirmiliter dalam melawan narasi palsu dan pseudosains. Menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan protokol PRISMA, penelitian ini meninjau artikel terpilih yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2020 hingga 2025 dari basis data Scopus, Google Scholar, dan Portal Garuda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa disinformasi bencana beroperasi sebagai bentuk perang kognitif yang melemahkan respons mitigasi nasional. Temuan utama menegaskan bahwa literasi sains berfungsi efektif sebagai "perisai kognitif" yang meningkatkan resistensi masyarakat terhadap hoaks, sekaligus mereposisi kemampuan berpikir kritis sebagai manifestasi modern dari konsep Bela Negara dalam Sistem Pertahanan Keamanan Rakyat Semesta (Sishankamrata). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi kurikulum sains dengan doktrin pertahanan mutlak diperlukan untuk membangun ketahanan nasional yang adaptif. Sinergi antara sektor pendidikan dan pertahanan direkomendasikan untuk menciptakan ekosistem informasi yang tangguh