Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
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Cross-Cultural Examination of the Bifactor Structure and Network Invariance of Dark Triad Items Across Four Countries
No full textSeveral investigations have addressed the study of dark triad traits only as specific factors and without taking into account countries where these tendencies can be expressed in culturally diverse ways. The present study aimed to analyze and compare quantitative models of the general tendency of dark personality traits using the bifactor model and a network comparison network across four countries: United States, Peru, Serbia and Germany. A total of n = 2715 adults (59% female, M = 31.04) participated considering open-access data and Peruvian data collection. The well-known dark triad instruments such as the Short Dark Triad and Dirty Dozen scales were used. The results revealed that a bifactor model of the Dark Triad exhibited satisfactory fit indices, and the estimated networks reflected a unique and stable structure of positive correlations of aversive traits in general and in specific clusters. The Machiavellianism domain of the Dirty Dozen scale was the most consistent measure of centrality (expected influence and bridge-expected influence) and predictability that favored interconnectedness with the other traits in the overall multicultural network. Finally, structural differences in dark trait connections were identified in all countries except among European countries
Interpersonal Trust: Its Relevance for Developing Positive Emotions and Social Skills During Childhood
No full textIdentifying the factors that contribute to healthy child development represents a significant challenge for psychological discipline. This research sought to examine whether interpersonal trust fosters positive emotions and social skills during middle childhood. In this study participated 952 Argentine children (52.2% girls; M age = 10.98 and SD = 1.21) who completed psychometric scales. The sample was selected by availability, according to the possibility of access to school institutions to carry out the survey. Two factorial MANOVAS were performed to study the influence of interpersonal trust and distrust on five positive emotions and four aspects of social interaction, respectively. The results indicated that trust promotes joy, sympathy, gratitude, serenity, and personal satisfaction, and distrust inhibits joy but increases sympathy. Also, it was found that trust positively influences appropriate social behaviors and reduces aggressiveness, while distrust facilitates aggressiveness, arrogance, and social anxiety. In conclusion, interpersonal trust provides benefits during middle childhood, as it promotes positive emotional experience and social interaction skills; on the contrary, distrust could be considered a risk factor for children’s well-being
“I Need to Belong”: Examining a Negative Halo Effect for Expressions of the Need to Belong
No full textWe examine a problem faced by individuals with a high need to belong; expressing a desire for social relationships may make it more difficult to form them. In particular, we suggest expressions of heightened belongingness needs create a negative halo effect whereby people expressing those needs appear to be less attractive and more desperate to potential relationship partners. In two experiments, participants viewed hypothetical targets who endorsed high, moderate, or low levels of the need to belong, and then rated these targets on measures of social attractiveness and social desperation. Results revealed that participants rated both high and low need to belong targets as low in social attractiveness (Experiment 1, N = 116) and social stature (Experiment 2, N = 111), relative to the moderate need to belong target. However, participants rated the high need to belong target significantly higher in social desperation, compared to the moderate and low need to belong targets. Lastly, social desperation significantly mediated the association between (high vs. moderate) expressed need to belong and social attractiveness, suggesting that expressing heightened need to belong is uniquely unattractive to others as it conveys a sense of social desperation. Overall, these results suggest that when they express a desire to form close relationships, those high in the need to belong may have a difficult time achieving a sense of belonging
Loneliness, Stigma, and the Tendency for Interpersonal Victimhood Inhibit Compassion for Some but Not All Suffering Social Groups
No full textThis study extends recent research on correlates of compassion for suffering social groups. Using a nationally representative sample of 627 U.S. adults, this study used cross-sectional survey data to determine if loneliness, the tendency for interpersonal victimhood, and stigmatizing attitudes held toward suffering social groups correlated with less compassion for suffering social groups. Participants were randomly assigned to respond in regard to one of three suffering social groups: adults who are addicted to opioids, unemployed adults who have been hurt by the rising prices of goods and services, or women who do not have access to reproductive health care in their area. Both main effects and interaction effects were hypothesized. Results showed significant main effects in which loneliness, stigmatizing attitudes held towards a suffering social group, and the tendency for interpersonal victimhood were negatively related to compassion felt for suffering social groups. Additional exploratory analyses showed that these main effects depended on the specific suffering social group. Whereas all three variables inhibited compassion for adults addicted to opioids, only loneliness and stigmatizing attitudes inhibited compassion for the unemployed, and only stigmatizing attitudes inhibited compassion for women lacking access to reproductive health care. These findings can be used to guide the development of future interventions that may address issues that inhibit compassion towards those who are suffering, particularly those in suffering social groups that are stigmatized
From Strangers to Spouses: Exploring Dyadic Effects of Insecure Attachment and Responsiveness on We-Ness in Indian Arranged Marriages
No full textDyadic studies have shown that insecure attachment styles, anxiety and avoidance, influence relationship outcomes such as relationship satisfaction, quality, and well-being. However, most of these studies have involved couples in choice-based marriages. Few dyadic studies have investigated the actor-partner effects of insecure attachment in arranged marriages. The present study (N = 96 dyads, 192 individuals) explored the mediating effects of perceived partner responsiveness (PPR) on the relationship between attachment insecurities and an individual’s sense of we-ness. Strong statistical support emerged for actor effects; however, partner effects were only partially supported. While Wives’ avoidance attachment was indirectly and negatively associated with husbands’ we-ness through wives’ and husbands’ PPR, the vice-versa was not supported. Moreover, husbands’ anxious attachment was indirectly and negatively associated with wives’ we-ness, and wives’ anxious attachment was indirectly and negatively associated with husbands’ we-ness through husbands’ and wives’ PPR, respectively. The study attempts to unfold the complexity emerging from partners' interactions in Indian arranged marriages
Love, Sex, Respect, and Physical Attractiveness in Marital Satisfaction and Remarriage: A Comparison Between Monogamous and Polygynous Marriages
No full textStudies on polygyny have been limited to socio-economic factors. The psychosocial aspects involved in the trend of having more than one wife were not studied earlier. The current study explored the role of love, sex, respect, and physical attractiveness in the marital satisfaction of polygynous husbands, monogamous husbands, and monogamous wives. A total of 611 participants from diverse cities in Pakistan took part in the study, comprising 57 polygynous husbands, 57 first wives of polygynous husbands, 57 second wives of polygynous husbands, 220 monogamous husbands, and 220 monogamous wives. Sukoon Marital Life Analysis scale was used to gather data. The results indicated a significant elevation in marital satisfaction among polygynous husbands with their second wives compared to the satisfaction levels of monogamous husbands. Additionally, second wives demonstrated significantly higher satisfaction with their husbands when compared to their first wives. These findings lead to the conclusion that second marriages exhibit notably higher levels of marital satisfaction for both polygynous husbands and their second wives in contrast to the satisfaction reported by monogamous husbands and wives. This study contributes valuable insights into the psychosocial dynamics of polygynous relationships
Relations Between Authoritarianism, Just World Beliefs, and the Dark Triad Life Philosophy
No full textThis study examines whether latent biases about the world as a dangerous place lead to antisocial tendencies, suggesting that dark personality traits are not necessarily evil but condition-dependent solutions to analogous worldview perceptions. The application of this model indicates that the extent to which an individual exhibits dark personality traits is determined, in part, by their level of authoritarian ideology (i.e., high in RWA) and the extent to which personal beliefs in a just world moderate this relationship. A convenience non-probability sample of 211 participants (age range: 19–59 years, M_age = 32.76, SD = 11.87; 191 female participants) participated in the current online study. Moderation analysis was performed to assess if the influence of authoritarian ideology (RWA) on Dark Triad life philosophy is the same across different levels of personal beliefs in a just world. This study’s results provide evidence of the moderating influence of Personal Belief in a Just World such that the positive relationship between RWA and Machiavellianism was weakened among those with lower levels of Personal Belief in a Just World. Individual differences in Personal Belief in a Just World and authoritarian ideology (RWA) influence the Machiavellianism side of human nature
Perception of Social Support and its Relationship With the Biological Rhythm of Women in the Postpartum Period
No full textIt is known that social support is one of the main protective factors in the postpartum period. In addition, studies report the association between biological rhythm disruption and its consequences on health, especially mental, but little is known about the possible causes of this disruption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the perception of social support and the biological rhythm in women at three months postpartum in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study nested within a population-based cohort study, using data from an assessment performed 90 to 120 days postpartum. The mother's perception of social support was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS), while biological rhythm was measured by the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN). Sample composition was based on data from 755 women. After adjusting by linear regression for the potential confounders of schooling and economic class, all domains of social support (material support, affective support, emotional support, informational support and positive social interaction) remained negatively associated with biological rhythm (p < .001). Thus, regression analysis shows for each increment of one point in the domains of social support, there was a decrease between 0,160 and 0,189 points in the maternal biological rhythm. All domains of social support were associated with disruption of the biological rhythm, which reinforces the need for adequate support, especially in a period of many demands, for good maternal health
All Is Well in Moderation: Perspectives of Young Adults on Positive and Negative Factors Influencing the Quality of Romantic Relationships
No full textConsiderable research confirms that romantic relationships and their quality are one of the top priorities in the lives of individuals, especially as they enter the emerging adulthood stage. It is indisputably relevant to revisit relationship quality factors in research, even though there is generally plenty of interest in this topic across the research literature. The present study concerns the antecedents of relationship quality in a research-excluded region of Central Eastern Europe, namely Slovakia, where no similar research has been published to date, presuming the cultural specificities of Slovak youth. The study intends to approximate individuals' perceptions, not to fit them into predefined theories; thus, the research is inductive with an experiential orientation to the data. A reflexive thematic analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews (37) or written self-moderated accounts (74) from 104 participants in a cohort of 18- to 35-year-olds resulted in the creation of four themes. These reflect the participants’ accounts of the antecedents of relational quality, which are i) external circumstances, ii) partners’ mutual attitudes and feelings, iii) the degree of sharing, and iv) individual contributions to relationship quality (personality, character traits, emotionality). Although the results can be formulated as a positive versus negative duality of oppositional influences, the degree phenomenon is strongly present. The idea that “everything in excess is bad” certainly applies
Self-Compassion, Psychological Well-Being, and the Quality of Romantic Relationships: A Study With Malaysian Emerging Adults
No full textSelf-compassion plays a critical role in romantic relationships in that it improves relationship quality through trust, expressions of love, and commitment, leading to more satisfying relationships and well-being. Fewer studies have examined the role of self-compassion as a relationship enhancing variable, especially in the context of romantic relationships in non-Western countries such as Malaysia. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between self-compassion, satisfaction in romantic relationships, and psychological well-being among young emerging adults in Malaysia. In addition, the mechanism of how self-compassion may contribute to well-being was examined by focusing on the mediating effects of trust, expression of love, and commitment. Participants were 400 Malaysians aged 18 to 25 who had been in a relationship for at least six months but were not married at the time of data collection. They completed an online survey consisting of the Self-Compassion Scale, the Trust in Close Relationships Scale, the Adapted Version of the Affection Communication Scale, the Commitment Scale, the Relationship Assessment Scale, and the Psychological Well-Being Scale. A significant positive relationship was found between self-compassion, satisfaction with romantic relationships, and psychological well-being. Participants reported high levels of trust and commitment but relatively low levels of love expression in romantic relationships. The relationship between self-compassion and romantic relationship satisfaction was confirmed by the mediating effects of trust, love expression, and commitment. This study provides a better understanding of how self-compassion contributes to romantic relationships and psychological well-being in a broader cultural context