Interpersona (E-Journal - PsychOpen)
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The Influence of Social and Individual Determinants on the Ukrainian Military During Wartime
No full textConsidering the impact of social determinants on the capacity and well-being of Ukrainian military personnel is critical in military conflicts. This study aims to investigate the influence of social and individual factors on the activity level, determination, and resilience of Ukrainian military personnel during wartime. A qualitative method was chosen to conduct the study. The study involved 130 military personnel who were divided into two groups: those in active combat zones (n = 50) and those in military hospitals for treatment and rehabilitation (n = 80). According to the study, individuals in active combat zones perceive life as a manifestation of the potential received at birth. It was also observed that military personnel receiving treatment and rehabilitation in a hospital understand “life” as a connection with loved ones and close acquaintances. According to the survey results, many respondents from both groups identified their relatives as the military’s primary vital connection during the war. The military’s understanding of “life” and their associations also play a role in determining their need for assistance. In both groups, it can be observed that social determinants, such as relatives and friends, significantly influence the activity of servicemen and women. Individual determinants, such as attitude towards life and the ability to perform under war conditions, are among the factors that impact the military. The study’s practical significance in developing the socio-humanitarian, educational, and cultural spheres is reflected in the formation of awareness of the military and their psycho-emotional conditions in military operations
Validation of Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS) in Pakistani Married Couples: Establishing Measurement Invariance
No full textThe present study aimed to translate and validate the Romantic Partner Conflict Scale (RPCS) in Pakistani Married Couples. Forward-Backward Method was applied for translations into Urdu to establish conceptual equivalence and cultural relevance. A sample of 300 married couples was collected for construct validation of RPCS established through Confirmatory Factor Analysis with SEM with the confirmed factors of Compromise, Domination, Submission, Separation, Avoidance, and Interactional Reactivity (total of 37 items, 2 items were deleted). All subscales showed good internal consistency and composite reliabilities. Moreover, testing for measurement invariances across husbands and wives further confirmed the factor structure for dimensions of RPCS. Finally, further associations revealed that constructive conflict strategies of Compromise and Avoidance were positively associated with positive relational variables such as internal marital locus of control, constructive communication, marital quality, and intimacy, but were negatively correlated with demand-withdraw patterns, associations for destructive conflict strategies of Interactional Reactivity and Domination with these relational variables were revealed contrary to the constructive strategies. The present study revealed Separation and Submission as mixed strategies as they were positively associated with majority of positive and negative relational variables. Additional findings in case of demographic variables and implications for future research are discussed
The Relation Between Interpersonal Relationship Satisfaction and Spiritual Well-Being in Adults
No full textThe purpose of the study is a correlational analysis between interpersonal relationship satisfaction and spiritual well-being in adults. This study is a quantitative, correlational study. Data were collected through purposive sampling technique from different institutes and organizations. The sample size of the study was sample (n = 200). The age ranges of participants were 20–35 years. Two scales, Spirituality Index of Well-Being (SIWB) and Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS-G), were used for data collection and the data was analyzed statistically. The analysis was carried out by the statistical tests correlation test, t-test and ANOVA. It was revealed through this study that interpersonal relationship satisfaction and Spiritual well-being were positively correlated with each other. Additionally, it was found that married adults have strong spiritual well-being and interpersonal relationships than unmarried adults. However, there was no gender significance difference was found. Moreover, it was revealed that the spiritual well-being and interpersonal relation strength is higher in upper ages then in lower ages
Understanding the Nature and Consequences of Transgressions and Forgiveness in the Workplace in India
No full textThe cultural context of an organisation may significantly shape the nature of transgressions and consequent forgiveness relevant to understanding the workplace outcomes. This study explored the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace of a heterogeneous Indian sample which have not been well addressed in previous studies. Qualitative research design was employed. Using a purposive sampling method, 48 participants from the government (n = 30) and private organisations (n = 18) were selected to form the final sample. The transcriptions from semi-structured interviews were analyzed by the Thematic Analysis Method. Two themes related to the nature of transgressions emerged: multiplicity of the sources of workplace transgressions (such as anger, discrimination, and work overload) and communications of workplace transgressions (e.g., through criticism, altered relationships, warnings). Concerning the dynamics of forgiveness in the workplace, three broad themes emerged: facilitators of workplace forgiveness (such as positive treatment, direct communication, scolding), barriers to workplace forgiveness (like, the intention behind wrongdoing, repetition of wrongdoing, decreased trust), and benefits of workplace forgiveness (such as positive emotions, good relations, healthy work environment). Management should develop an in-depth understanding of the nature of transgressions and the dynamics of forgiveness embedded in a specific cultural context which may help enhance a variety of positive organisational outcomes. Workplace transgressions and concomitant forgiveness are interwoven with the nature of organisations, individual level factors and socio-cultural contexts. Findings also provide some support that the coexistence of individualistic and collectivistic cultural values among Indians may have shaped workplace transgressions and consequent forgiveness
Gender Differences in Self-Estimated Types of Love for Self and Others
No full textEmpirical work about love has primarily considered the love of one individual for another. This work uses a novel method to study estimated types of love for self and others based on passionate and companionate theory, and triangular love theory. Two hundred and fifty participants (161 females and 89 males) rated self-estimates and other’s estimates (romantic partners and parents) of global love and several love types. Women self-estimated passionate love, companionate love, intimacy, and commitment more than men did. Gender differences in estimated love types for romantic partners, fathers, and mothers were not evidenced. As regards self-partner differences respondents rated their romantic partners similarly to themselves. Regarding generational differences, children assessed themselves greater in all love types than their parents, except in commitment. Passionate love and commitment significantly predicted global love for self, partners, and parents. Suggestions and limitations are offered
Psychometric Properties of the Gender Role Conflict – Short Form (GRC-SF) in Straight and Gay Greek Men
No full textThe current study examined the reliability and validity of Gender Role Conflict Scale-Short Form (GRCS-SF) among Greek men, 753 straight and 437 gay men. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on the Greek version of the scale to validate the measurement model across the two groups. Findings revealed a well-fitting model with a stable factorial structure and partial measurement and scalar invariance. The four-factor solution matched the four theoretical GRC domains. However, factor loadings and scores differed between the two groups on almost all domains. Cronbach’s α reliabilities were satisfactory in both groups for both the overall scale and its subscales. Further, population and criterion validity were supported as higher GRC for both straight and gay men predicted lower relationship satisfaction. The Greek-language version of GRC-SF seems to be a valid and reliable tool for future studies
Positive and Negative Relationship Evaluation Processes as Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction
No full textRelationship evaluation processes (REPs) are the thought processes people use to evaluate the quality of their romantic relationships (Buckingham et al., 2019, https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407519833798). The present study expanded on previous REP research by developing measures of positive REPs to parallel existing measures of negative REPs, which measure people’s tendency to focus on negative relationship behavior and fears about the future of the relationship. Data from a diverse sample of 170 US adults provided an initial confirmation of the validity of the positive REP subscales, which measure people’s tendency to focus on positive relationship behavior and hopeful thoughts about the future of the relationship. Multiple regression analysis showed that positive and negative REPs significantly predict relationship satisfaction. Whereas negative REPs were associated with less relationship satisfaction, positive REPs were associated with greater satisfaction. We also examined the roles of depression, neuroticism, and optimism in predicting REPs and satisfaction
Development and Validation of the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation for Couples Scale (SIERC) in the Spanish Population
No full textAntecedents. Interpersonal emotional regulation (IER) is the deliberate attempt to influence others’ emotions. There is not enough research on IER in the context of romantic couples. Aim. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess couples’ IER and understanding its functioning at both an individual and dyadic level. Method. Participants were 764 adults and 91 dyads. Three studies were carried out: first, to study the psychometric properties of the scale and its validity; second, to understand the functioning of the scale at a dyadic level; third, to analyse the predictive capacity of the instrument. Results. Our 11-item scale has four factors: observe, ask, validate, and soothe feelings. These factors are doubly evaluated: as an agent (SIERC-A) and as a target (SIERC-B). The scale showed good psychometric properties and adequate internal consistency. It presents convergent validity with emotional competences, and divergent validity with emotional dysregulation and insecure attachment. At a dyadic level, there is an actor-partner effect of IER on couple adjustment. Finally, IER seems to predict relationship satisfaction, sexual satisfaction, and life satisfaction. Discussion. This new instrument can be a useful tool for assessment and intervention in couple therapy and research
In-Laws, Communication, and Other Frustrations: The Challenges of Intercultural Marriages
No full textAlthough intercultural marriages are increasing in number every year, there is still little research examining the unique aspects of these relationships. This paper reports results from two exploratory studies into the challenges individuals within intercultural marriages in the United States face and how they manage them. Study 1 (N = 93) explored the most reported challenges in intercultural marriages. Findings indicated these challenges included family, finances, communication, time spent together, and clashes in cultural expectations/traditions. Study 2 (N = 83) examined the consequences of such challenges, how couples managed them, and how these challenges affected their marriage satisfaction. Findings revealed the most identified consequences were arguing about challenges and the emotional toll associated with such arguments. Most couples developed effective ways to manage such challenges without reducing their marital satisfaction, except when challenges involved their in-laws. A discussion of these results is included, along with directions for future research
From Skepticism Toward Celebrities to Celebrity Culture Hate: Mediating Role of Perceived Celebrity Deception and Perceived Dark Triad of Celebrities
No full textThough efforts have been made to understand the concept of celebrity hatred, ambiguity still exists about why some people feel intense contempt, antagonism, and fear directed at celebrity culture. This study (N = 1175) aimed to reveal the indirect impact of skepticism toward celebrities on celebrity culture hate by introducing perceived celebrity deception (the perception that celebrities are deceptive) and dark triad traits of celebrities (the perception that celebrities possess dark triad personality characteristics, including Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy) as potential mediators. The study introduces the Perceived Celebrity Deception Inventory and establishes its psychometric properties. Perceived deception of celebrities and perceived deception of others were relatively high compared to that of one’s immediate family, with social media influencers being seen as the most deceptive category of celebrities. Celebrities were perceived as Machiavellian, narcissists, and psychopaths at the same time, but at dissimilar levels. Skepticism toward celebrities was weakly correlated with celebrity culture hate in the correlation analysis. This relationship was mediated by perceived celebrity deception and perceived dark triad of celebrities in the structural analysis. Results suggest that perceived celebrity deception and dark triad characteristics of celebrities tend to breed celebrity culture hate rooted from skepticism toward celebrities and may provoke “behavioral” component of celebrity culture hate (e.g., celebrity bashing)