Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences (BJBMS)
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Nutrition interventions for spine-related pain: A scoping review
Get PDFMultiple studies have been published regarding various nutritional supplements or interventions to improve chronic pain. However, many of these studies emphasized widespread pain and were not specific to the spine. Therefore, the primary objective of this scoping review was to evaluate available evidence related to nutritional supplementation or dietary strategies for spine-related pain. A comprehensive literature search was performed on October 11, 2022, and updated on May 2, 2024. Databases included: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results were limited to those published within the past 10 years, to English-language articles, and excluded animal studies. Of the 2,081 screened articles, 29 were included in the final review. Of these, 26 focused on the low back, one on the neck, and two referred to generalized “back” pain. The largest number of studies were found on vitamins D and B, specifically for low back pain. However, there were conflicting findings for both vitamins; therefore, further research is necessary before these can be confidently recommended to patients suffering from low back pain. Furthermore, this scoping review identified a lack of consistency in study design, population or sample size, and outcome measures among currently published studies with a primary focus on nutritional supplementation or dietary strategies for spine-related pain.
Morroniside ameliorates sevoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged mice through modulating the TLR4/NF-κB pathway
Get PDFMorroniside (Mor) is a bioactive compound in Cornus officinalis with anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and antioxidant properties. Prolonged use of the anesthetic sevoflurane (Sev) has been connected to the development postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). This research aims to elucidate the mechanism of action of Mor to improve cognitive impairment. A model of cognitive dysfunction induced by Sev was established in aged mice and tested for behavioral analysis using the water maze experiment. Histopathological changes and neuronal apoptosis in mouse hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining. ELISA and qRT-PCR determined the levels of inflammatory factors. Phenotypic transformation of microglia in hippocampal tissue was assessed by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and qRT-PCR. The interaction between Mor and TLR4 was analyzed using molecular docking. Western blot identified the levels of apoptosis-related proteins, synapse-related proteins, and TLR4/NF-κB pathway proteins. Inhalation of Sev caused a notable reduction in learning and spatial memory in old mice, which was dose-dependently ameliorated by Mor. Mor inhibited neuroinflammation, modulated the polarization state of hippocampal microglia, promoted their polarization to M2 type, alleviated Sev-induced hippocampal tissue damage and neuronal apoptosis. Notably, Mor can bind well with TLR4 and reduce TLR4-positive expression. Mor blocked Sev-induced TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation in hippocampal tissues, and the TLR4 agonist CRX-527 attenuated the effect of Mor. In conclusion, Mor blocked the TLR4/NF-κB pathway, reducing hippocampal tissue damage and neuroinflammation caused by Sev, which in turn improving cognitive impairment in aged mice
Epidemiology, pathogenicity, risk factors, and management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Saudi Arabia
Get PDFHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gastric microbial pathogen that infects approximately half of the global population. This bacterium significantly contributes to various gastroduodenal diseases, including chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcerations, and malignant transformations. This review focuses on epidemiology, pathogenicity, virulence genes, risk factors, and management of H. pylori infection, specifically within the context of Saudi Arabia. The results presented here are grounded in studies conducted in Saudi Arabia, contrasting with mere bibliographic reviews of findings from other countries. H. pylori infection has been observed in Saudi Arabia, with substantial differences in the prevalence, ranging between 10-96% among various studied populations. Several risk factors for H. pylori infection have been identified, encompassing socioeconomic status, medical history, personal hygiene, and behavioral practices. Among the virulence genes harbored by H. pylori, cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA) are most common, with their presence correlating with the pathogenicity and clinical manifestations of the associated diseases. A range of invasive and non-invasive diagnostic assays have been utilized to identify H. pylori infection, with their employment being influenced by factors like availability, cost, patient age, gastric symptoms, and the specifics of clinical information sought. While detection methods like the H. pylori stool antigen test and the urea breath test offer more accuracy and speed, culturing remains indispensable for determining the antimicrobial susceptibility profile. The emergence of resistant strains across varying regional settings poses a significant challenge to treatment endeavors, necessitating an assessment of local antimicrobial resistance rates prior to formulating treatment strategies. The findings of this review highlight the importance of continuous implementation of screening, control, and prevention of H. pylori infection to combat the spreading infection and other related complications
Comprehensive analysis of the role of interferon gamma-inducible protein 30 on immune infiltration and prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Get PDFAlthough the immune factor interferon gamma-inducible protein 30 (IFI30) has been linked to the growth and immune infiltration of various malignancies, its function and mechanism in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. We used several databases to detect and validate IFI30 expression in ccRCC and its connection to immune invasion. We found that IFI30 expression was higher in ccRCC tissues compared to normal tissues, and was strongly associated with tumor grade, T stage, and M stage. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that ccRCC cases with lower IFI30 expression levels had a higher OS rate than those with high IFI30 expression (P < 0.05). Additionally, we collected a total of 104 cases of ccRCC and adjacent tissues from the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University between January 2018 and January 2020 for immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis, along with their relevant clinicopathological data. The relationship between IFI30 and expression of CD3E, CD4, CD8A, interleukin 10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGFB2) was examined using the ccRCC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, with findings verified by IHC analysis using the collected cases. Statistical analysis performed with SPSS found the positive correlation between the expression of CD3E, CD4, CD8A and IL-10 and the IFI30 expression, and negative correlation of TGFB2 expression with the IFI30 expression in ccRCC. Concurrently, a notable association was observed between high IFI30 expression and immune cell infiltration in ccRCC. High IFI30 expression is connected to the ccRCC\u27s poor prognosis with the infiltration of immune cell. These findings suggest that high IFI30 expression could serve as a marker of poor prognosis and be associated with immune cell infiltration in ccRCC
Clinical diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with microflow imaging in benign and malignant renal tumors: A retrospective cohort study
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound combined with microflow imaging (CEUS-MFI) in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant renal tumors. All patients underwent CEUS, MFI, color doppler flow imaging (CDFI), and CEUS-MFI. The efficacies of these different diagnostic modalities in diagnosing benign and malignant renal tumors were evaluated by Kappa consistency test and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, with pathological findings serving as the gold standard. CDFI, MFI and CEUS-MFI all demonstrated higher blood flow in malignant tumors compared with benign tumors. Compared with benign tumors, CDFI detected a higher rate of punctate and linear Adler grade 2 and 3 blood flows in malignant tumors, as well as peripheral semicircular or annular blood flow. MFI identified a high rate of peripheral circumferential blood flow and irregular vascular morphology in malignant tumors, with most exhibiting Adler grade 3 blood flow. In addition, CEUS-MFI showed more dendritic or irregular Adler grade 2 or 3 blood flows in malignant renal tumors than MFI alone. Further analysis showed that CEUS-MFI had the highest consistency with pathological diagnosis (Kappa = 0.808). The ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) for CEUS-MFI in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions was 0.898, significantly outperforming other single diagnostic methods. With its capability to display microvascular information and assess overall pathological characteristics, MFI can accurately predict the nature of renal tumors and assist in surgical planning
Risk factors for electrical storms following percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis
Get PDFElectrical storms (ESs) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients pose a significant challenge, affecting prognostic outcomes and increasing mortality. This meta-analysis synthesized data from 11 studies involving 9,666 AMI patients to identify risk factors associated with ES following PCI. Our findings revealed an average ES incidence of 7.70%, with identified risk factors including low thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades (0-1), elevated cardiac troponin I levels, persistent hypotension, reperfusion arrhythmias, the right coronary artery being the infarct-related artery, increased diameter of the infarct-related artery, renal dysfunction, elevated creatine kinase-MB, and bradycardia. Notably, the use of β-blockers was found to significantly reduce the risk of ES. The study underscores the importance of early identification and management of these risk factors in AMI patients undergoing PCI to prevent the occurrence of ES, highlighting the protective role of β-blockers. This research provides a foundation for future strategies aimed at reducing the incidence and improving the prognosis of ES in this patient population
SPINK4 modulates inhibition of glycolysis against colorectal cancer progression
Get PDFDysregulation of glycolysis is frequently linked to aggressive tumor activity in colorectal cancer (CRC). Although serine peptidase inhibitor, Kazal type 4 (SPINK4) has been linked to CRC, its exact linkage to glycolytic processes and gene expression remains unclear. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened from two CRC-related datasets (GSE32323 and GSE141174), followed by expression and prognostic analysis of SPINK4. In vitro techniques such as flow cytometry, western blotting, transwell assay, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to assess SPINK4 expression in CRC cells. Its effects on apoptosis, glycolysis, and the cell cycle were also investigated. Finally, the impact of SPINK4 overexpression on tumor development was assessed using a xenograft model, while histological and immunohistochemical analyses characterized SPINK4 expression patterns in CRC tissues. SPINK4 expression was downregulated in CRC, correlating with poor patient prognosis. In vitro assays confirmed that overexpression of SPINK4 reduced CRC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while its knockdown promoted these processes and caused G1 arrest. SPINK4 also regulated apoptosis by altering caspase activation and Bcl-2 expression. Besides, SPINK4 overexpression altered glycolytic activity, reduced 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) absorption, and controlled critical glycolytic enzymes, resulting in alterations in metabolic pathways, whereas SPINK4 knockdown reversed this effect. SPINK4 overexpression significantly reduced tumor volume in vivo, indicating its inhibitory role in carcinogenesis. Moreover, high expression of SPINK4, hexokinase 2 (HK2), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) was observed in CRC tissues. As a key inhibitor of glycolytic metabolism in CRC, SPINK4 promises metabolic intervention in CRC therapy due to its impact on tumor growth and cell proliferation
Progress of lymphocyte activation gene 3 and programmed cell death protein 1 antibodies for cancer treatment: A review
Get PDFThe application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has proven to be an effective treatment for cancer. Immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), T-cell immunoglobulin-3 (TIM-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) have received extensive attention, and the efficacy of antibodies or inhibitors against these checkpoints (either alone or in combination) has been evaluated in many tumors. This paper provides a brief overview of the PD-1 and LAG-3 checkpoints, and then shifts focus to the combined use of PD-1 and LAG-3 antibodies in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. In the in vitro experiments, we examined the correlation between the expression and activation of these inhibitors on T cells, and also assessed toxicity in animals in preparation for in vivo experiments. The effects of the combined use of PD-1 and LAG-3 antibodies were then summarized in animal models of melanoma, MC38 carcinoma, and other tumors. In clinical studies, the combined application of these antibodies was assessed in patients with melanoma, colorectal, breast, and renal cell cancers, as well as other solid tumors. In general, the combination of PD-1 and LAG-3 antibodies has shown promising results in both in vivo and in vitro studies
Serum KL-6 and the mortality of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: A meta-analysis
Get PDFConnective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is an important underlying cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CTD. Serum Krebs von den Lungen-6 (KL-6) is an immune factor which has been related to the severity of ILD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between serum KL-6 and mortality of patients with CTD-ILD. Longitudinal studies relevant to the aim of the meta-analysis were retrieved by search of electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. A random-effects model was used to combine the data by incorporating the influence of between-study heterogeneity. Fifteen cohorts involving 1737 patients with CTD-ILD were included. During a mean follow-up of 35.3 months, 430 (24.8%) patients died. Compared to those with a lower KL-6 at admission, patients with a higher KL-6 were associated with a higher mortality risk during follow-up (risk ratio: 2.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.66 to 2.87, P < 0.001; I2 = 20%). Subgroup analysis showed a significant association in studies from Asian countries, but not in those from non-Asian countries; in studies with cutoff of KL-6 derived in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, but not in those derived from other methods; in studies with multivariate analysis, but not in those with univariate analysis (P for subgroup difference all < 0.05). The association was not significantly affected by different CTDs or methods for measuring serum KL-6. In conclusion, a high serum KL-6 may be a risk factor of increased mortality in patients with CTD-ILD
Development of dynamic nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival in hepatoid adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive SEER-based population analysis
Get PDFHepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a poorly differentiated extrahepatic tumor that can produce alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The literature does not provide a comprehensive understanding of the prognostic factors for HAC. Therefore, we present a novel nomogram to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of patients with HAC. We analyzed 265 cases of HAC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database spanning from 2004 to 2015. Using a Cox proportional hazard regression model, we identified several risk factors and incorporated them into our predictive nomogram. The nomogram\u27s predictive ability was assessed by utilizing the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Results from a multivariate Cox regression showed that CSS was independently correlated with liver metastasis, surgery, and chemotherapy. Our nomogram had a C-index of 0.71 (95% CI 0.71-0.96). Furthermore, calibration curves demonstrated concordance between the predicted survival probability from the nomogram and the observed survival probability. The areas under the curve (AUC) for 6-month, 1-, and 3-year survival were 0.80, 0.82, and 0.88, respectively. Our study successfully formulated a prognostic nomogram that offers promising predictions for the 6-month, 1-, and 3-year CSS of patients with HAC. This nomogram holds potential for practical use in guiding treatment decisions and designing clinical trials