Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy (E-Journal) / Лучевая диагностика и терапия
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    КТ-ВИЗУАЛИЗАЦИЯ РАКА ПОДКОВООБРАЗНОЙ ПОЧКИ

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    Horseshoe kidney tumors occur in up to 2% of cases. Atypical anatomy complicates the diagnosis. We present a case of horseshoe kidney cancer and demonstrate the role of MDCT for the diagnosis, as well as evaluating the blood supply of the kidney and the mass and surgical treatment planning. MDCT data post-surgery are presented.Опухоли подковообразной почки встречаются в 2% случаев, и атипичное строение органа затрудняет ее выявление. В данной публикации показано значение МСКТ в диагностике рака подковообразной почки, особенностей кровоснабжения самой почки и опухоли, в планировании оперативного вмешательства. Представлены данные МСКТ после оперативного вмешательства

    82SR/82RB-ГЕНЕРАТОР И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ В НЕЙРООНКОЛОГИИ

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    The paper presents a 82Sr/82Rb-generator and shows the possibility and perspectives to use the radiopharmaceutical (RFP) «Rubidium chloride, from 82Rb generator» (hereinafter referred to as «82Rb-chloride») for the diagnosis of brain tumors (GM) based on the experience of the use of the radiopharmaceutical in the FGBI «RRCRST» of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. Results of observation of 23 patients are presented with malignant and benign tumors, and non-neoplastic lesions in the brain. The tendency was detected for the prevalence of increased accumulation of 82Rb-chloride in malignant tumors as compared to benign tumors and in arteriovenous malformations (AVM) in which the 82Rb-chloride is accumulated within the vascular phase, but it is not retained. Ultra-short half-life of the radionuclide [82Rb] (76 sec) and low radiation exposure arising when the 82Rb-chloride is intravenously injected, create completely new possibility for sequential use of two or more radiopharmaceuticals at examining a patient. For example, PET imaging with 18F-FDG, 11C-L-methionine or 11C-choline can be performed in 7 minutes after the injection of the 82Rb-chloride to a patient. The efficiency of using 82Rb-chloride as a diagnostic tool in the neurooncological patients is stated. The method was develop for dosing and injection of the radiopharmaceutical from a generator. Using a single generator of Rubidium-82 it is possible to run about 800 PET studies. Generator is reliable and easy in use.

    СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РЕЗУЛЬТАТОВ ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОЙ ХИМИОЛУЧЕВОЙ ТЕРАПИИ БОЛЬНЫХ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ ГЛИОМАМИ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

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    The initial results of radiation therapy with different chemotherapy treatment regimen are provided in the article. Radiation therapy was carried out in all patients using by linear accelerators in the bremsstrahlung energy mode (6 MeV) once a day, 5 times a week. The single boost dose was 3 Gy, 51 Gy total. Upon reaching total boost dose in 18, 24, 30, 36, 42 and 48 Gy patients of the first and third groups received temozolomide (250 mg). Vincristine was administered intravenously to patients of the second and the fourth groups (1 mg) after reaching the total boost dose 18, 33 and 48 Gy. The next day these patients received nitrosourea derivatives (CCNU 80 mg orally or BCNU 50 mg intravenously). Postoperative chemoradiotherapy with temozolomide in patients with glioblastoma resulted in a significant increase of life expectancy. In GBM/temozolomide group median survival was 16,9 months vs 11,3 months in patients who received vincristine/nitrosourea derivatives (р=0,016). There was no significant difference in life expectancy in patients with AA (р=0,13): median survival was 29,9 (group 3) and 22,7 months (group 4).

    ОСОБЕННОСТИ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНОГО МЕТАБОЛИЗМА ГЛЮКОЗЫ У БОЛЬНЫХ С СОСУДИСТОЙ ДЕМЕНЦИЕЙ (ПО ДАННЫМ ПОЗИТРОННО-ЭМИССИОННОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ)

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    Vascular dementia is quite common diagnosis in elderly patients (5–10% of all dementia cases). Despite that, where is no reliable neuroimaging diagnostic marker like patterns of cerebral glucose metabolism changes in positron emission tomography (PET) in Alzheimer’s disease and some other types of dementia. The purpose of this research was to study cerebral glucose metabolism peculiarities with PET and to compare findings with metabolic changes in normal aging. Two groups of subjects were examined: patients suffered from vascular dementia and age-matching control group without cognitive and neurological disorders. Cerebral glucose hypometabolism in vascular dementia was heterogeneous and differed in different patients. Besides that, comparison with the control group demonstrated larger volume of hypometabolism and statistically significant decrease of cerebral metabolism in parietal, frontal and cingular cortex. Сосудистые деменции составляют 5–10% всех известных случаев деменции. При этом для нее не существует надежного диагностического маркера, основанного на применении методов нейровизуализации, как, например, паттерны нарушений церебрального метаболизма при болезни Альцгеймера и некоторых других видов деменции по данным позитронно-эмиссионной томографии (ПЭТ). Целью данного исследования было изучение особенностей церебрального метаболизма у больных сосудистой деменцией по данным ПЭТ и сравнение их с наблюдающимися при нормальном старении возрастными изменениями. Обследовано две группы: группа больных сосудистой деменцией и контрольная группа «возрастной нормы», сопоставимая по возрасту. При сосудистой деменции выявлялся неоднородный рисунок гипометаболизма, различавшийся у разных больных. Вместе с тем сравнение с контрольной группой обнаружило при сосудистой деменции больший объем гипометаболизма и статистически значимое снижение церебрального метаболизма глюкозы в ассоциативной теменной, лобной и поясной коре.

    ИНФОРМАЦИОННАЯ ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ПАРАМЕТРОВ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ПЛОДА И ЭКСТРАЭМБРИОНАЛЬНЫХ СТРУКТУР С 8-Й ПО 11-Ю НЕДЕЛЮ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ

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    The  purpose  of this  research  was  to  define  the  importance   of ultrasound   parameters of fetus  pathology  and extra-embryo  structure in the first trimester  of pregnancy.  We have studied 369 pregnancies with 8 to 11 weeks of gestation. We used original metod to define index of correlation between embryonic crown — rump length (CRL) and the length of heart (the distance  between the chin and crown). The normal index values are in a range 1,6–2,6. We used factory mathematic analysis and received results.  The most informative parameters are: aplasia of yolk sack, wrong differential structure of anatomical embryo, wrong correlation between the length of head to body of fetus, discordance between CRL to period of gestation. Least informative ultrasound  parameters are: tonus miometrium, poor vascularisation  of corpus luteum.  These results allow to segregate the group of high pathology of fetus

    СОПОСТАВЛЕНИЕ ДАННЫХ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ И НЕВРОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПРОЯВЛЕНИЙ СПОНДИЛОГЕННОЙ МИЕЛОПАТИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИОННЫМИ СПОНДИЛИТАМИ

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    Designs — single center prospective cohort. Studied the clinical and neurological status, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine consistent examined 50 patients with destructive lesions of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, including 40 patients with confirmed active infectious spondylitis, 5 — with consequences spondylitis, and 5 — with other diseases. Patients with infectious spondylitis revealed the prevalence of intramedullary changes as gliosis and myeloishemy; statistically proven the existence of a higher degree of sagittal spinal canal stenosis (SCSs) and the vertex angle of spinal deformation (SCK) in tuberculous spondylitis than in non-specific, as well as the impact of the maximum degree of linear compression of the spinal cord (APC) on the severity of neurological impairment, estimated scale Frankel. No proven link between the severity of neurological disorders with an etiology spondylitis and specific embodiments of the structural changes in the spinal cord. Дизайн — проспективная моноцентровая когорта. Изучен клинико-неврологический статус и магнитно-резонансная томография (МРТ) позвоночника последовательно обследованных 50 больных с деструктивными поражениями грудных и поясничных позвонков, включая 40 пациентов с верифицированным активным инфекционным спондилитом, 5 — с последствиями спондилита и 5 — с другими заболеваниями. У больных инфекционными спондилитами выявлено преобладание интрамедуллярных изменений в виде глиоза и миелоишемии, статистически доказано наличие более высокой степени сагиттального стеноза позвоночного канала (SCSs) и вершинного угла деформации спинного мозга (SCK) при туберкулезном спондилите, чем при неспецифическом, а также влияние максимальной степени линейной компрессии спинного мозга (APC) на выраженность неврологических нарушений, оцененных по шкале Frankel. Не доказана связь между тяжестью неврологических нарушений с этиологией спондилита и с конкретными вариантами структурных изменений спинного мозга.

    ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННЫЙ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ МОНИТОРИНГ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АНЕВРИЗМОЙ БРЮШНОЙ АОРТЫ

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    The diagnosis of early and late postoperative complication after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery has a bearing on treatment results. Ultrasound duplex scanning must have been effective and accessible for postoperative monitoring, but such studies are inconsiderable in number. The aim is a definition of distinctive ultrasound criteria of postoperative complication and development of monitoring survey protocol. In this study authors analyzed results of assessment in 273 patients after open or endovascular repair in duration up to 102 months. All of the patients were underwent ultrasound duplex scanning including contrast-enhanced studies. All of specific revealed in 27,1% cases complications were divided to early and rate. The postoperative hemorrhage was most frequent (6,2%) among the others such as anastomotic thrombosis and graft infection. Stenotic lesions (8,1%), true and false anastomotic aneurysms (7,7%) were as late complications. The proposed protocol of diagnosis and monitoring conduced a timely detection of complications. In authors’ opinion, ultrasound duplex scanning is noninvasive, cost-effective and valid for postoperative monitoring survey.

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    Diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy (E-Journal) / Лучевая диагностика и терапия
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