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Determinants of West African international agricultural trade
Get PDFAgricultural production is clearly an important component of West African international trade. Purpose here is to identify determinants of West African international trade flows. For this, the expanded Structural Gravity model was used. The overall pattern of international agricultural transactions in this region is dominated by extra-regional transactions and there are differences between intra- and extra-regional determinants. In global transactions, flows are higher among the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries and the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) does not significantly affect those flows. On the other hand, ECOWAS does not have significant impact on intra-regional agricultural trade and flows are greater among WAEMU member countries
Special agricultural safeguards in the meat market and their impact on Brazilian economy
Get PDFThis study identifies the impact of special agricultural safeguards (SSG) for the global meat market and for the Brazilian economy. The tariff lines subject to SSG were selected and the period of analysis was from 1995 to 2015. The value of additional tariff was calculated for each of the most important tariff lines, as well as, their impact on imports and Brazilian exports. The most important markets that applied SSGs were the U.S. for beef and European Union for poultry. For the additional tariffs that were estimated, the results indicated that the impact of the value of the meat not exported by Brazil to EU and the U.S. due to SSG tariff was equivalent to the loss of BRL 3.7 billion of the economy’s production value and almost BRL 2 billion of the Brazilian Gross Domestic Product
La convenienza economica alla coltivazione di OGM in Italia: un’analisi sul campione della rete italiana di contabilità agricola (RICA)
Get PDFThe present paper examines the economic convenience of the cultivation of GMOs in Italy. In particular, a simulation was conducted on the effects of the adoption of GM corn for specialized Italian farms, through the comparison of the gross margin of GM and conventional maize. Results obtained on the sample of farms belonging to the Italian farm accountancy data network (FADN), in the 2013-2015 period, show that the gross margin obtainable with the use of GM corn is, on average, higher than that obtained with the use of the conventional one. Results obtained on the sample grouped according to the utilized agricultural area, show that bigger farms could benefit more from the cultivation of GM corn. Moreover, specialized farms located in traditional areas show the highest advantage from the cultivation of GM corn
Comparing Patterns of Adjectival Modification in Greek: A Diachronic Approach
Get PDFThis paper investigates the distribution of adjectives in Ancient Greek, with the aim of comparing it to Standard Modern Greek. We use a selection of texts from Classical Attic and New Testament koiné. In Ancient Greek, like in Standard Modern Greek, all types of adjectives are allowed in prenominal position, and there is no evidence of movement of the noun over prenominal adjectives. As far as postnominal adjectives are concerned, in Classical and New Testament Greek they are systematically articulated in definite DPs, in a structure similar to the so-called polydefinite construction, that is typical of Standard Modern Greek. There is little evidence, in the texts explored, of structures of the type Article Adjective Article Noun, which are instead very common in Standard Modern Greek, and have been assumed to result from fronting the constituent [Article+Adjective] from its postnominal position. Finally, in Ancient Greek, there are cases of postnominal articulated non-adjectival modifiers of the noun, which are impossible in Standard Modern Greek. The paper explores these patterns, with particular attention to the mechanisms underlying polydefiniteness
Some Initial Remarks on Non-Prepositional Genitives in the Apulian Variety of San Marco in Lamis
Get PDFThis work aims at an initial description of prepositionless genitives in the Romance variety of San Marco in Lamis, spoken in the Southern Italian region of Apulia. The construction will be compared with other Romance, Semitic, Albanian, and Iranian varieties whereby the expression of possession is connected to the presence of D elements, or to morphology stemming from them. The paper deals, in particular, with the behaviour of the construction with elements such as definite and indefinite articles, demonstratives, proper names, and with how pre-nominal adjectival modification of genitives and post-nominal adjectival modification of heads can only occur in the prepositional kind of the construction. This is also the case with demonstratives preceding heads and genitives in the form raised nominals. It will be seen that genitives are only interpreted as such when they are non-raised, i.e. when they are articled. The pre-genitival article is thus understood to be a pivotal element in the interpretation of the second DP as genitival
The Beginning of the Syllable in Albanian
Get PDFLooking at the syllable as a phonological description unit, we can highlight some basic features that characterize the segments that are part of it. The beginning of the syllable boundary is seen as a possible component of the syllable which shows some of the features associated with the way the units, which build it, are organized, and this is considered as the strongest consonantal position. Speakers of a language are able to identify possible consonant phonotactic combinations that may emerge at the beginning of the syllables and they assert that not every consonant sequence can form lasting onsets. The word-initial clusters in Albanian are various which depend not only on the number of elements, but also on the possibilities of their combination, and sometimes they are regulated by phonological constraints. What is to be noted is that, with regard to the ability to emerge in an onset position, there are no restrictions on the consonants of the Albanian language which can all occupy this position, either as a component or as a branched component. The Albanian language does not show any visible limitations not only in the number of elements that emerge at the beginning of the syllable, but also in their possible combinations to create such syllabic structures
Notte e dì (1984): una sperimentazione collettiva contemporanea a Viaggio in Italia
Get PDFThis essay offers the first sustained analysis and contextualization of Notte e dì, a photographic book on the National festival of the Italian Communist Party that Luigi Ghirri co-curated in 1984 in tandem with Viaggio in Italia, generally acknowledged as the cornerstone of the new “Italian school” of landscape photography. Involving five of the twenty photographers who had participated in the sister project few months earlier, Notte e dì shows aspects of consistency in terms of montage and graphic layout, while at the same time experimenting in uncommon ways with the text/image format, in tune with similar trends in contemporary literature, Visual poetry, and Conceptual Art
Il ninfeo di Egeria (II sec. d.C.) e la grotta degli Animali a Castello. Il ruolo del modello antico attraverso l’analisi dei disegni del GDSU
Get PDFThe Grotta degli Animali at the Medicean Villa in Castello is one of the most famous artificial grottoes of the 16th and 17th centuries. Its building history is quite complex because it underwent many changes, led by three different architects over a period of approximately twenty years, until its final configuration under Giorgio Vasari. The research looks into the relationship between the Florentine Grotto and its reference model: the Nymphaeum of Egeria along the Via Appia (2nd century A.D.), which was rediscovered during the third decade of the 16th century and subsequently measured by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger and Sallustio Peruzzi, whose drawings are preserved at Gabinetto Disegni e Stampe degli Uffizi (GDSU). These drawings have been analysed to provide items matching the Medicean Grotto; in particular the survey has been carried out in comparison with another anonymous drawing, representing a planimetric study for the Grotta degli Animali. The inspection of this important document (also through digital acquisition and re-elaboration) shows architectural features that are evocative of the ‘ancient model’ which was partially obliterated by Vasari’s project
La decorazione della grotta degli Animali: note sulle vicende conservative dall’epoca sabauda ad oggi
Get PDFThe essay deals with events concerning the history of the conservation of the “Cave of the Animals” from the Savoy period to the present day. Thanks to documentation found in the Central State Archive, it was possible to analyse some aspects of its maintenance and the proposals concerning the main restorations made to the sculptures in the Garden: the fountain of Hercules and Antaeus, as well as to the Cave of the Animals. This maintenance continued sporadically over the years until the Eighties of the last century, when important restoration activities were undertaken. This allowed the progressive recovery of the decorated surfaces and of the hydraulic system of the Cave of the Animals
Beccaria e Bacon: una fonte inglese alle origini del Dei delitti?
Get PDFFrancis Bacon’s works were a strong influence upon Cesare Beccaria in his formative years, contributing to inform his ideas and style. The chief testimonia are two: the autograph ms. of Excerpta from Bacon in the Ambrosian Library of Milan (Becc. B 201) and the in folio volume of Bacon’s Opera Omnia (Hafniae edition, 1694), which belonged to Beccaria, also held at the Ambrosian (Becc. C 158). This essay retraces the history of the ms, from its first discovery by prof. Amati to subsequent studies, focusing on its relation to the in folio, and on the Beccaria-Bacon relationship at large. Careful attention is placed on the excerpta from the Novum organum: since it was transcribed almost in its entirety, it is of signal interest to examine what omissions were made