DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Local Authority Finance: Net Current Expenditure - Children Social Care services (FIN_07_06)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual net expenditure for Children Social Care services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2011. The net expenditure for Children Social Care services is defined as the total (gross) Children Social Care services expenditure minus any income that may be related to delivering these services, such as sales, fees and charges.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The net expenditure for Children Social Care services is defined as the gross service expenditure minus any income that is related to delivering these services, in particular a) Sales, fees and charges and b) Other types of income. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_06L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_06U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per child (age 0 - 17 years), for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Net Current Expenditure - Planning and development services (FIN_07_12)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual net expenditure for Planning and development services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2002. The net expenditure for Planning and development services is defined as the total (gross) Planning and development services expenditure minus any income that may be related to delivering these services, such as sales, fees and charges.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The net expenditure for Planning and development services is defined as the gross service expenditure minus any income that is related to delivering these services, in particular a) Sales, fees and charges and b) Other types of income. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_12L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_12U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Income - Court services (FIN_07_46)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Court services by every Local Authority in England since 2007/2008. Court services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Court services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_46L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_46U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Chemical Control of the Octahedral Network of Solar Absorbers from the CuI-AgI-BiI3 Phase Space via the Discovery of 3D CuAgBiI5
No full textCuAgBiI5 is synthesised as powder, crystals, and thin films. The structure consists of a 3D octahedral Ag+/Bi3+network as in spinel but the tetrahedral interstitials occupied by Cu+ differ from those of a spinel. The 3D octahedral network of CuAgBiI5 allows us to identify a relationship between octahedral site occupancy (composition) and octahedral motif (structure) across the whole CuI-AgI-BiI3 phase field, giving the ability to chemically control structural dimensionality. To investigate composition-structure-property relationships, we explore how the basic optoelectronic properties of CuAgBiI5 compare to those of Cu2AgBiI6 (which has a 2D octahedral network) and reveal a surprisingly low sensitivity towards dimensionality of the octahedral network. The absorption onset of CuAgBiI5 (2.02 eV) barely changes compared with that of Cu2AgBiI6 (2.06 eV) indicating no obvious signs of an increase in charge confinement. Such behaviour contrasts with that for lead halide perovskites which show clear confinement effects upon lowering dimensionality of the octahedral network from 3D to 2D. Changes in PL spectra and lifetimes between the two compounds mostly derive from difference in extrinsic defect densities rather than intrinsic effects. While both materials show good stability, bulk CuAgBiI5 powder samples are found to be more sensitive degradation under solar irradiation compared to Cu2AgBiI6
The role of collagen (I) homotrimer and the alpha-2(I) chain of type I collagen in bone: comparative analysis of wild-type, Col1a2 null and oim homozygote and heterozygote genotypes.
Get PDFAbstract from preprint located at doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.07.13.198283.
20 July 2021
Type I collagen is the major structural component of bone where it exists as an (α1)2(α2)1 heterotrimer in all vertebrates. The osteogenesis imperfecta (oim) mouse model comprising solely homotrimeric (α1)3 collagen-1, due to a dysfunctional α2 chain, has a brittle bone phenotype implying that the heterotrimeric form is required for physiological bone function. However, humans with null alleles preventing synthesis of the α2 chain have connective tissue and cardiovascular abnormalities (cardiac valvular Ehlers Danlos Syndrome), without evident bone fragility. Col1a2 null and oim mouse lines were used in this study and bones analysed by microCT and 3-point bending. RNA was also extracted from heterozygote tissues and allelic discrimination analyses performed using qRT-PCR. Here we show that mice lacking the α2(I) chain do not have impaired bone biomechanical or structural properties, unlike oim homozygous mice. However Mendelian inheritance was affected in male mice of both lines and male mice null for the α2 chain exhibited age-related loss of condition. The brittle bone phenotype of oim homozygotes could result from detrimental effects of the oim mutant allele, however, the phenotype of oim heterozygotes is known to be less severe. We used allelic discrimination to show that the oim mutant allele is not downregulated in heterozygotes. We then tested whether gene dosage was responsible for the less severe phenotype of oim heterozygotes by generating compound heterozygotes. Data showed that compound heterozygotes had impaired bone structural properties as compared to oim heterozygotes, albeit to a lesser extent than oim homozygotes. Hence, we concluded that the presence of heterotrimeric collagen-1 in oim heterozygotes alleviates the effect of the oim mutant allele but a genetic interaction between homotrimeric collagen-1 and the oim mutant allele leads to bone fragility
Drosophila virilis
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila virilis. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Findings of a community screening programme for human cystic echinococcosis in Bungoma County, western Kenya
No full textIntroduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by infection with the larval stages of taeniid cestodes of Echinococcus granulosus. It is prevalent among transhumant communities in East Africa, including in northern Kenya. The movement of livestock from these regions of high incidence to areas of low incidence creates an indirect risk of disease spill-over to humans. To assess possible establishment of the CE life cycle outside known endemic regions, we screened for the presence of human CE in Bungoma County of western Kenya, an area which imports substantial numbers of cattle for slaughter from pastoralist areas.
Materials and Methods: Eight sentinel sites were purposively selected based on proximity to slaughterhouses handling animals introduced from pastoralist regions and necessary permissions were sought to conduct the study. At each site, the research team set up at a central location, sensitized and invited the local population to attend the screening. Those who consented to participate were asked questions on their age, occupation, and income and screened using a portable ultrasound scanner. Ultrasound images were printed, and findings were discussed with the patient. Regression analyses were conducted to identify risk factors associated with the presence of abdominal and cystic lesions (CL).
Results: In total, 1002 participants were screened; of these, 654 (65.3%) were female and the median age was 43. Farming (n=403; 43.43%) was the most frequent occupation, followed by profession (n=215; 23.1%) and business (n=207; 22.3%) categories. Sixty-seven participants (6.7%) had abnormal ultrasound findings and, of these, 7 (1.07%) had simple liver cysts/CL using WHO classification. As such, their outcome was inconclusive and they were not put on treatment but advised to attend follow-up investigations in a referral facility. Other abnormal findings included splenomegaly (n=14), ovarian cysts (n=14), uterine fibroids (n=10), polycystic kidneys (n=6) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (n=6). Age was univariably associated with the presence of presumptive CL. Monthly income was inversely associated with the presence of abdominal lesions.
Conclusion: These results contribute to baseline data while providing insights on the implementation of ultrasound diagnosis in the field, as recommended by the WHO for targeted control of echinococcosis by 2030
Housing Indicators: Local Authority Homelessness Statistics - Number of households in Temporary Accommodation (HS_15_02)
No full textSummary
The dataset provides information about the number of homeless households in temporary accommodation by Lower Tier Local Authorities in England. It includes data about the type of accommodation offered as well as where duty is owed but no accommodation has been secured. Figures are presented as the total amount as well as the ratio per 1000 households since 2004/2005.
Technical description
The Local Authority (LA) Homeless Statistics indicators were compiled based on data released by the Ministry of Housing, Communities & Local Government (MHCL), and includes the number of homeless households in temporary accommodation, broken down by type of accommodation offered by the end (31 March) of that financial year. Types of accommodation include Bed and breakfast, Hostels, LA or Housing Association stock, Private-sector leased (by LA or HA) or Other type, as well as the number of households where duty is owed but no accommodation has been offered. Data are presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Some LAs did not report data for some individual years and these values are denoted as NAs. Source figures are reported by LAs quarterly and some values were imputed before published. Values regarding homeless households are expressed as amounts as well as ratios per 1000 households. The table includes the total number of households (in thousands), which are derived by interim projections. Figures from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs. NAs were not taken into account into aggregations and as such the sum of sub-categories may not be equal to totals
Local Authority Finance: Income - Environmental and regulatory services (FIN_07_43)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Environmental and regulatory services by every Local Authority in England since 2007. Environmental and regulatory services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Environmental and regulatory services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_43L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_43U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Net Current Expenditure - Education services (FIN_07_03)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual net expenditure for Education services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2002. The net expenditure for Education services is defined as the total (gross) Education services expenditure minus any income that may be related to delivering these services, such as sales, fees and charges.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The net expenditure for Education services is defined as the gross service expenditure minus any income that is related to delivering these services, in particular a) Sales, fees and charges and b) Other types of income. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_03L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_03U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
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