DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Local Authority Finance: Gross Current Expenditure - Adult Social Care services (FIN_07_23)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual gross service expenditure for Adult Social Care services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2011. The gross expenditure describes the total spending by Local Authorities associated with delivering these services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Adult Social Care services expenditure includes employee costs and running expenses for these services. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_23L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_23U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per adult, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
3% cyclic strain improves tensile strength, whilst 10% strain increases collagen fibril diameter and fibre alignment in de-novo cell-engineered tendons.
Get PDFData set linked to journal titled '3% cyclic strain improves tensile strength, whilst 10% strain increases collagen fibril diameter and fibre alignment in de-novo cell-engineered tendons.
Baseline and peak cortisol response to the low dose short Synacthen test in children is related to indication for testing, age and sex.
Get PDFData pertaining to the low dose short synacthen test performed between 2008 and 2020 at Alder Hey Children's hospital including the protocol used, reasons for being considered a miscellaneous indication; and other axes affected alongside the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in children and young people with structural brain lesions. The details showing more information is included within a manuscript that will be linked once accepted for submission.
Children and young people who had a low dose synacthen test performed between 2008 and 2020 were analysed. Indications for testing were given. When the reason given was thought to not fit into other diagnostic criteria this was deemed miscellaneous for statistical interpretation. The diagnoses are given here.
If a child had a structural brain abnormality we assessed whether each other hypothalamic-pituitary axis was affected. The table shows other axes that are affected and whether this included one or more other axes
Bias modulation data for Verdazyl and Tetrazine single-molecule junctions
No full textAs in the title. Raw and processed data for single-molecule junctions fabricated with a Verdazyl- and a Tetrazine-containing compound
Ordered oxygen vacancies in the lithium-rich oxide Li4CuSbO5.5, a triclinic structure type derived from the cubic rocksalt structure
No full textLi-rich rocksalt oxides are promising candidates as high energy density cathode materials for next generation Li-ion batteries because they present extremely diverse structures and compositions. Most reported materials in this family contain as many cations as anions, a characteristic of the ideal cubic closed-packed rocksalt composition. In this work, a new rocksalt-derived structure type is stabilized by selecting divalent Cu and pentavalent Sb cations to favor the formation of oxygen vacancies during synthesis. The structure and composition of the oxygen deficient Li4CuSbO5.5□0.5 phase is characterized by combining X-ray and neutron diffraction, ICP-OES, XAS and magnetometry measurements. The ordering of cations and oxygen vacancies is discussed in comparison with the related Li2CuO2□1 and Li5SbO5□1 phases. The electrochemical properties of this material are presented, with only 0.55 Li+ extracted upon oxidation corresponding to a limited utilization of cationic and/or anionic redox, whereas more than 2 Li+ ions can be reversibly inserted upon reduction to 1 V vs Li+/Li, a large capacity attributed to a conversion reaction and the reduction of Cu2+ to Cu0. Control of the formation of oxygen vacancies in Li-rich rocksalt oxides by selecting appropriate cations and synthesis conditions affords a new route for tuning the electrochemical properties of cathode materials for Li-ion batteries. Furthermore, the development of material models of the required level of detail to predict phase diagrams and electrochemical properties, including oxygen release in Li-rich rocksalt oxides, still rely on the accurate prediction of crystal structures. Experimental identification of new accessible structure types stabilized by oxygen vacancies represents a valuable step forward in the development of predictive models
Data from: Quantifying trade-offs between butterfly abundance and movement in the management of agricultural set-aside strips
No full text1. Agri-environment schemes (AES) create small areas of habitat within agricultural landscapes to support biodiversity. Here, we study butterfly flight behaviour within linear AES features and examine whether differences in resource availability affect the speed, linearity or directionality of local movements, thereby affecting their contribution to landscape connectivity.
2. We surveyed butterflies within three basic (naturally regenerating) and three wildflower-sown linear field margin strips (0.09-0.15 ha) on a farm in North Yorkshire, UK, and mapped butterfly flight paths to quantify local displacement (movement speed), efficiency (linearity, turning angles), directionality (step orientation) and behaviour (time spent flying, nectaring).
3. Butterfly species richness was similar between margin types (estimated asymptotic species richness of 21.9 [CI: 15.0-77.7] for basic margins and 14.2 [CI: 14.0-18.7] for wildflower-sown margins), but abundance was 78% higher in wildflower-sown margins. For the three most common species (meadow brown, Maniola jurtina (L.), ringlet, Aphantopus hyperantus (L.), and small white, Pieris rapae (L.); n = 233 paths), movements within both margin types were highly linear (median turning angle 45˚) and generally oriented along the length of the margin strip (median step orientation 27˚). Movements in basic margins were slightly more orientated along the length of the margin but we found no differences between margin types in speed, path linearity, turning angles or the proportion of time spent flying or nectaring.
4. We found strong channelling of movements along field margin strips regardless of management type, potentially aiding landscape connectivity. Providing field margin strips with additional foraging resources through wildflower sowing increases butterfly abundance without impeding local movement rates or efficiency
Life-cycle complexity in helminths: What are the benefits?
No full textParasitic worms (i.e. helminths) commonly infect multiple hosts in succession. With every transmission step, they risk not infecting the next host and thus dying before reproducing. Given this risk, what are the benefits of complex life cycles? Using a dataset for 973 species of trophically transmitted acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes, we tested whether hosts at the start of a life cycle increase transmission and whether hosts at the end of a life cycle enable growth to larger, more fecund sizes. Helminths with longer life cycles, i.e. more successive hosts, infected conspicuously smaller first hosts, slightly larger final hosts, and exploited trophic links with lower predator-prey mass ratios. Smaller first hosts likely facilitate transmission because of their higher abundance and because parasite propagules were the size of their normal food. Bigger definitive hosts likely increase fecundity because parasites grew larger in big hosts, particularly endotherms. Helminths with long life cycles attained larger adult sizes through later maturation, not faster growth. Our results indicate that complex helminth life cycles are ubiquitous because growth and reproduction are highest in large, endothermic hosts that are typically only accessible via small intermediate hosts, i.e. the best hosts for growth and transmission are not the same
Data from: Quantifying variation in female internal genitalia: no evidence for plasticity response to sexual conflict risk in a seed beetle
No full textSexually antagonistic coevolution can drive the evolution of male traits that harm females, and female resistance to those traits. While males have been found to vary their harmfulness to females in response to social cues, whether female resistance traits vary in response to social cues remains to be examined. Among seed beetles, male genital spines harm females during copulation and females might resist male harm via thickening of the reproductive tract walls. Here we develop a novel Micro-CT imaging technique to quantify female reproductive tract thickness in 3-dimensional space. We compared the reproductive tracts of female Callosobruchus maculatus from populations that had evolved under high and low levels of sexual conflict, and for females reared under a social environment that predicted either high or low levels of sexual conflict. We show that neither social environment nor evolutionary history significantly affected reproductive tract thickness. Our novel methodology allows for the measurement of fine-scale changes in the internal female reproductive tract, and will allow future investigations into the internal organs of insects and other animals
Characterisation of poly-lysine
No full textCharacterisation of poly-e-lysine based hydrogels for corneal tissue engineering application. Varied the polymer chemistry (percentage cross-linking, polymer density and di-acid cross-linker) and the method of manufacture (cast vs fragmented porous hydrogels). Includes mechanical (compression, tension and rheology) and physical (transparency, percentage water content, AFM, SEM) characterisation
Surface barrier discharges for Escherichia coli biofilm inactivation: Modes of action and the importance of UV radiation
No full textManuscript of Salgado et al., titled 'Surface barrier discharges for Escherichia coli biofilm inactivation: Modes of action and the importance of UV radiation'
Study considers impact of a low temperature plasma on biofilm inactivation and explores modes of action
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