DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Data for "Trapped interfacial redox introduces reversibility in the oxygen reduction reaction in a non-aqueous Ca2+ electrolyte"
No full textElectrochemical investigations of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) have been conducted in Ca2+-containing dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte. While the ORR appears irreversible, the introduction of a tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAClO4) co-salt in excess concentrations results in the gradual appearance of a quasi-reversible OER process. Combining the results of systematic CV investigations, the degree of reversibility depends on the ion pair competition between Ca2+ and TBA+ cations to interact with generated superoxide (O2-). When TBA+ is in larger concentrations, and large reductive overpotentials are applied, a quasi-reversible OER peak emerges with repeated cycling (characteristic of formulations without Ca2+ cations). In situ Raman microscopy and rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) experiments revealed more about the nature of species formed at the electrode surface and indicated the progressive evolution of a charge storage mechanism based upon trapped interfacial redox. The first electrochemical step involves generation of O2-, followed primarily by partial passivation of the surface by CaxOy product formation (the dominant initial reaction). Once this product matrix develops, the subsequent formation of TBA+--O2- is contained within the CaxOy product interlayer at the electrode surface and, consequently, undergoes a facile oxidation reaction to regenerate O2
Local Authority Finance: Gross Current Expenditure - Social Care services (FIN_07_21)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual gross service expenditure for Social Care services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2007. After 2011, Social Care services are being individually reported as Adult and Children Social Care services. In order to keep comparisons possible, both types of services were aggregated to calculate spending for all Social Care services. The gross expenditure describes the total spending by Local Authorities associated with delivering these services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Social Care services expenditure includes employee costs and running expenses for these services. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_21L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_21U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
GP Patient Survey: Making an appointment (GPPS_12_02)
No full textSummary
This indicator measures the percentage of surveyed respondents who would describe their experience of making an appointment the last time they wanted to see or speak to a GP or nurse from their surgery, as fairly poor or very poor. Surveyed respondents were aged 18 years or older, and numbers are given since 2012, across areas of England.
Technical description
GP Patient Survey participants were asked to report on their experience of making an appointment the last time they wanted to see or speak to a GP or nurse from their surgery (Question 18 within the questionnaire). The original response options were: Very good; fairly good; neither good nor poor; fairly poor; very poor. For each GP practice, the responses for options ‘fairly poor or very poor’ were summed and divided by the total number of responses for Question 18. Weighted GP Patient Survey data by GP practice were provided by the data owners. These data were used to calculate weighted averages of the indicator by Lower Super Output Area (LSOA)
Local Authority Finance: Income - Adult Social Care services (FIN_07_39)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Adult Social Care services by every Local Authority in England since 2011. Adult Social Care services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Adult Social Care services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_39L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_39U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per adult, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Gross Current Expenditure - Children Social Care services (FIN_07_22)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the annual gross service expenditure for Children Social Care services provided by every Local Authority in England since 2011. The gross expenditure describes the total spending by Local Authorities associated with delivering these services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Children Social Care services expenditure includes employee costs and running expenses for these services. Expenditure values are given on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Values are expressed in thousands (£). Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual spending figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_22L), and Lower Tier LA spending was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_22U). Expenditure values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The service expenditure is expressed as the total amount as well as per child, for direct comparisons. However, expenditure figures were not adjusted for inflation
Prescribing indicators - Statins (P_1_08)
No full textSummary
This indicator measures the number of Statins that are prescribed on a quarterly basis by all practices in England, including GP practices. Numbers are given for the total number of items prescribed and dispensed, the total net ingredient cost (NIC) and the average daily quantity (ADQ) across areas of England.
Technical description
The data covers NHS prescriptions of Statins (see Appendix I) written in England and dispensed in the community in the UK. Prescriptions written in England but dispensed outside England are included. The data includes prescriptions written by GPs and other non-medical prescribers (such as nurses and pharmacists) who are attached to GP practices.
To allocate the prescribed items to each LSOA area, the Patients registered at a GP practice at Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) level was used. Patients Registered at a GP Practice dataset is a quarterly publication by NHS Digital and provides the count of patients by gender.
Additional information about the GP Practice Prescribing Chemical-level Data and Patients Registered at a GP Practice can be found at:
GP Practice Prescribing Chemical-level Data: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/practice-level-prescribing-data
Patients Registered at a GP Practice: https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/patients-registered-at-a-gp-practic
Local Authority Finance: Income - Public Health services (FIN_07_40)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Public Health services by every Local Authority in England since 2013, when it was introduced. Public Health services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Public Health services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_40L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_40U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Income - Fire and Rescue services (FIN_07_48)
No full textSummary
This indicator describes the income generated from the provision of Fire and Rescue services by every Local Authority in England since 2007. Fire and Rescue services income is calculated from any sales, fees and charges, as well as other types of income that are associated with delivering such services.
Technical description
The indicator was compiled from annual revenue outturn estimates of Local Authority (LA) revenue expenditure and financing. The Fire and Rescue services income is calculated from the sum of a) sales, fees and charges and b) other types of income generated by these services, and thus does not include central government funding, capital gains or council tax. Income values are expressed in thousands (£) and presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Since some services are provided in Upper Tier and others in Lower Tier LAs, individual income figures from Upper Tier LAs were distributed to Lower Tier LAs based on annual population ratios (indicator FIN_07_48L), and Lower Tier LA income was distributed to Upper Tier LAs by aggregating (indicator FIN_07_48U). Income values from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. The services income generated is expressed as the total amount as well as per capita, for direct comparisons. However, annual figures were not adjusted for inflation
Local Authority Finance: Children's and Young People's Services (s251) - Children Looked After Services (FIN_07_52)
No full textSummary
The Children's and Young People's services indicators are derived from the Section 251 (s251) revenue outturn expenditure. This indicator describes how much Local Authorities in England spent in Children Looked After services annually since 2008.
Technical description
The Children's and Young People's Services expenditure indicators are derived from the Section 251 (s251) Table A1 revenue outturn expenditure. Total values regarding Children Looked After Services have been identified and aggregated from the relevant datasets. Spending amounts are categorised in Own Provision, Private, Other Public and Voluntary Provision. Total values presented in this indicator report the Total (Gross) Expenditure, i.e. the sum of the above, and the Total Net Expenditure, i.e. the gross total minus the income generated through services. Values are presented on the basis of financial years, i.e. from April 1st to March 31st. Spending figures regard Upper Tier Local Authorities. Figures from historic LA geography have been referenced to the 2018 LA geography. This includes changes in name/codes, merges, or splits of old LAs to new LAs based on population ratios for that year. Note that values were not adjusted for inflation
Growth standard charts for monitoring bodyweight in Domestic Shorthair kittens - SUPPORTING DATA
No full textThe optimal growth of domesticated cats has not yet been well defined. This study first aimed to create evidence-based growth standards for healthy pet kittens, and then compare the pattern of growth curves depicted by the standards with growth patterns in other healthy kittens and those with abnormal body condition.
Data were derived from the clinical records of the BANFIELD® Pet Hospital (BANFIELD) network and from two research populations (WALTHAM Petcare Science Institute, UK; Royal Canin Research Center, France). A ‘modelling’ dataset was first created from the BANFIELD records, comprising bodyweight data from immature client-owned cats that had remained healthy and in ideal body condition within the first 2.5y of life. This was used to construct growth centile curves for male and female kittens, covering the age range 8 to 78 weeks, using Generalised Additive Models for Location, Shape and Scale. Growth patterns depicted by the centiles curves were compared with the growth patterns of healthy cats from both research colonies and cats attending BANFIELD that were classified as overweight or underweight. Overall, there was a broad agreement to the growth standards with approximately half of the research population (206/507, 49%) staying within 2 centile lines of their starting centile, and upward and downward movements outside this range being roughly equally distributed. Compared with the growth standards, the 122 overweight BANFIELD kittens were heavier on average at the start of monitoring, and subsequently grew more quickly with 63 (52%) crossing at least 2 standard centile lines upwards. Only 4 underweight kittens were available in the BANFIELD database; compared with the standards, there was a marked initial dip in growth followed by subsequent catch-up growth, and 2/4 kittens crossed 2 or more centile lines downwards at some point.
Evidence-based growth standards have been developed for male and female domestic shorthair cats. Crossing centiles in an upwards and downwards direction is associated with cats being overweight or underweight by early adulthood, respectively. Further work is now required to determine whether the clinical use of these growth standards will improve the health and wellbeing of pet cats
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