DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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A High Throughput Synthetic Workflow For Solid State Reactions To Oxides
No full textHigh-throughput synthetic methods are well-established for chemistries involving liquid- or vapour-phase reagents and have been harnessed to prepare arrays of inorganic materials. The versatile but labour-intensive sub-solidus reaction pathway that is the backbone of the functional and electroceramics materials industries has proved more challenging to automate because of the use of solid-state reagents. We present a high-throughput sub-solidus synthesis workflow that permits rapid screening of oxide chemical space that will accelerate materials discovery by enabling simultaneous expansion of explored compositions and synthetic conditions. This increases throughput by using manual steps where actions are undertaken on multiple, rather than individual, samples which are then further combined with researcher-hands-free automated processes. We exemplify this by extending the BaYxSn1-xO3-x/2 solid solution beyond the reported limit to a previously unreported composition and by exploring the Nb-Al-P-O composition space showing the applicability of the workflow to polyanion-based compositions beyond oxides
Single-Molecule Conductance, Chemical Characterisation and Raman Data for a set of Carbodithioic Acid Ester compounds.
No full textSame as titl
Zaprionus tuberculatus
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Zaprionus tuberculatus. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Diversity of Escherichia coli isolates from milk obtained along the Nairobi dairy value chain by DNA fingerprint analysis
Get PDFThe Nairobi dairy food system is highly complex and involves informal and formal dairy production and marketing channels. The sector comprises numerous small-scale interlinked actors characterized by diverse food handling practices that may affect product safety. This cross-sectional study sought to analyze the diversity of Escherichia coli, which contaminates cow milk, in material obtained from the supply chain serving Nairobi's rapidly urbanizing city in Kenya. The GTG5 fingerprinting method was used to determine the diversity of 107 E. coli isolates obtained from milk. Dendrograms were used to display E. coli genetic diversity patterns within and between farms from different types of samples. These included raw, pasteurized, processed fermented, and home-made fermented milk sourced from various nodes, including farms, milk bars, milk vending machines, roadside milk vendors and shops. Analysis of the first dendrogram with 46 E. coli isolates recovered from various milk types from different nodes showed three major clusters based on bacterial banding patterns. A large proportion of the subsequent sub-clusters in these phylogenies revealed a similarity matrix of between 50 – 70 % among isolates from the same location. Dendrograms derived from analysis of E. coli at farm level showed that most isolates from milk samples obtained from the same farms did not cluster together which strongly suggests variation in the recovered E. coli strains and in the populations of E. coli in those farms. These findings indicate distinct bacterial milk contamination sources and not as a result of the clonal spread of certain strains.
In conclusion, these results show that the source of milk contamination is diverse and occurs at several points along the value chain. Therefore, policy on the management of food safety (including control of milk-borne diseases) should not only focus on activities at few nodes but along the entire value chain to ensure milk safety
Expanding multiple anion superlattice chemistry: Synthesis, structure and properties of Bi4O4SeBr2 and Bi6O6Se2Cl2
No full textStructural (cif), Diffraction (Xray and Neutron), thermal conductivity, seebeck, conductivity, heat capacity data for Bi4O4SeBr2 and Bi6O6Se2Cl2 are presented here
Raw titration data for Schenck_et_al "Efficient pKa Determination in a Non-Aqueous Solvents using Chemi-cal Shift Imaging", Anal. Che., 2022
Get PDFpKa is an important property of a molecule which impacts on many fields such as drug design, catalysis, reactivity and environmen-tal toxicity. It is often necessary to measure pKa in non-aqueous media due to the poor solubility of an analyte in water, for exam-ple many compounds of pharmaceutical interest. Although NMR methods to measure pKa in water are well established, determining pKa in organic solvents is laborious and problematic. We present an efficient one-shot method to determine the pKa of an analyte in organic solvent in a single measurement. Diffusion of an acid into a basic solution of the analyte and a set of pH indicators establishes a pH gradient in the NMR tube. The chemical shift of a pH sensitive resonance of the analyte and the pH of the solution are then determined simultaneously as a function of position along the pH gradient by recording a chemical shift image of the NMR tube. The pKa of the analyte is then determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The method can be implemented in any laboratory with a gradient equipped NMR high-field spectrometer and is demonstrated for a range of pharmaceutical compounds and inorganic phosphazene bases
Tree movements, wind loading, and wind speeds
No full textIn the future with climate change, we expect more forest and tree damage due to the increasing strength and changing trajectories of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, to date, we have limited information to estimate likely damage levels and, importantly, nobody has ever measured exactly how forest trees behave mechanically during a TC. In 2018, a category-5 TC destroyed trees in our on-going research plots, in which we were measuring tree movement and wind speed in two different tree spacing plots. Interestingly, we found damaged trees in only the wider spaced plot. Here for the first time we present how trees dynamically respond to strong winds during a TC. Sustained strong winds obviously trigger the damage to trees and forests, but inter-tree spacing is also a key factor because the level of support from neighboring trees modifies the effective “stiffness” against the wind both at the single tree and whole forest stand level
RawStereoDataPublic
No full textThis SPSS file contains stereoacuity data on 54 participants using TNO, Frisby, Langstreopad and Asteroid stereotests
Host identity matters – up to a point: the community context of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis transmission
No full textThe level of detail on host communities needed to understand multi-host parasite invasions is an unresolved issue in disease ecology. Coarse community metrics that ignore functional differences between hosts, like host species richness, can be good predictors of invasion outcomes. Yet, if host species vary in the extent to which they maintain and transmit infections, then explicitly accounting for those differences may be important. Through controlled mesocosm experiments and modelling, we show that interspecific differences between host species are important for community-wide infection dynamics of the multi-host fungal parasite of amphibians, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), but only up to a point. The most abundant host species in our system, fire salamander larvae (Salamandra salamandra), did not maintain or transmit infections. Rather, two less abundant ‘auxiliary’ host species, Iberian tree frog (Hyla molleri) and spiny toad (Bufo spinosus) larvae, maintained and transmitted Bd. Frogs had the highest mean rates of Bd shedding, giving them the highest contributions to R0. Toad contributions to R0 were substantial however, and when examining community-level patterns of infection and transmission, the effects of frogs and toads were similar. Specifying more than just host species richness to distinguish salamanders from auxiliary host species was critical for predicting community-level Bd prevalence and transmission. Distinguishing frogs from toads, however, did not improve predictions. These findings demonstrate limitations to the importance of host species identities in multi-host infection dynamics. Host species that exhibit different functional traits, like susceptibility and infectiousness, may play similar epidemiological roles in the broader community
European soil seed bank communities across a climate and land-cover gradient
No full textThis is the data set used for the publication Buffering effects of soil seed banks on plant community composition in response to land use and climate, published in the journal Global Ecology and Biogeography.
Aim. Climate and land use are key determinants of biodiversity, with past and ongoing changes posing serious threats to global ecosystems. Unlike most other organism groups, plant species can possess dormant life-history stages such as soil seed banks, which may help plant communities to resist or at least postpone the detrimental impact of global changes. This study investigates the potential for soil seed banks to achieve this.
Location. Europe
Time period. 1978 – 2014
Major taxa studied. Flowering plants
Methods. Using a space-for-time/warming approach, we study plant species richness and composition in the herb layer and the soil seed bank in 2796 community plots from 54 datasets in managed grasslands, forests and intermediate, successional habitats across a climate gradient.
Results. Soil seed banks held more species than the herb layer, being compositionally similar across habitats. Species richness was lower in forests and successional habitats compared to grasslands, with annual temperature range more important than mean annual temperature for determining richness. Climate and land use effects were generally less pronounced when plant community richness included seed bank species richness, while there was no clear effect of land use and climate on compositional similarity between the seed bank and the herb layer.
Main conclusions. High seed bank diversity and compositional similarity between the herb layer and seed bank plant communities may provide a potentially important functional buffer against the impact of ongoing environmental changes on plant communities. This capacity could, however, be threatened by climate warming. Dormant life-history stages can therefore be important sources of diversity in changing environments, potentially underpinning already observed time-lags in plant community responses to global change. However, as soil seed banks themselves appear, albeit less, vulnerable to the same changes, their potential to buffer change can only be temporary, and major community shifts may still be expected
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