DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Coordination of care by breeders and helpers in the cooperatively breeding long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus
No full textIn species with biparental and cooperative brood care, multiple carers cooperate by contributing costly investment to raise a shared brood. However, shared benefits and individual costs also give rise to conflict among carers over investment. Coordination of provisioning visits has been hypothesized to facilitate the resolution of this conflict, preventing exploitation, and ensuring collective investment in the shared brood. We used a 26-year study of long-tailed tits, Aegithalos caudatus, a facultative cooperative breeder, to investigate whether care by parents and helpers is coordinated, whether there are consistent differences in coordination between individuals and reproductive roles, and whether coordination varies with helper relatedness to breeders. Coordination takes the form of turn-taking (alternation) or feeding within a short time interval of another carer (synchrony), and both behaviors were observed to occur more than expected by chance, i.e. ‘active’ coordination. First, we found that active alternation decreased with group size while active synchrony occurred at all group sizes. Secondly, we show that alternation was repeatable between observations at the same nest, while synchrony was repeatable between observations of the same individual. Active synchrony varied with reproductive status, with helpers synchronizing visits more than breeders, although active alternation did not vary with reproductive status. Finally, we found no significant effect of relatedness on either alternation or synchrony exhibited by helpers. In conclusion, we demonstrate active coordination of provisioning by carers and conclude that coordination is a socially plastic behavior depending on reproductive status and the number of carers raising the brood
Data from: Geographical variation in ant foraging activity and resource use is driven by climate and net primary productivity
No full textAim: Foraging activity is critical for animal survival. Comprehending how ecological drivers influence foraging behavior would benefit our understanding of the link between animals and ecological processes. Here, we evaluated the influence of ecological drivers on ant foraging activity and relative resource use.
Location: Six Brazilian biomes: Amazon, Atlantic rainforest, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pampa and Pantanal.
Taxon: Formicidae.
Methods: We assessed ant foraging activity and resource use by sampling across 60 sites. We placed baited tubes that contained one of five liquid resources (sugar, lipids, amino acid, sodium and distilled water). We used model selection to assess the influence of ecological drivers (temperature, precipitation, temperature seasonality and net primary productivity) on ant foraging activity and relative resource use.
Results: Foraging activity was higher in wetter, more productive and less thermally seasonal environments. The relative use of amino acids increased at higher temperatures while the relative use of lipids decreased. The relative use of sugar increased in drier and less productive environments with high temperature seasonality while the relative use of amino acid and sodium decreased in those environments. The relative use of lipids was complex: increasing with increasing temperature seasonality and decreasing with increasing precipitation. Further, the relative use of sodium was greater where the foraging activity was high.
Main Conclusions: We demonstrate how ecological drivers are correlated to ant foraging activity and resource use in the field across large spatial scales. The search for resources encompasses different interactions involving ants with abiotic and biotic components in the ecosystem. Thus, we suggest that changes in climate and NPP, which influence the intensity and the way that ants search for resources, will result in changes in ant-mediated ecological processes
Drosophila novamexicana
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila novamexicana. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Tylosis REC virtual Site Information File
Get PDFSite Information File for NHS REC number MREC 02/8/001; IRAS ID 213555
'Tylosis with oesophageal cancer
CHANGe - a prospective cohort study to investigate the burden and transmission of acute gastroenteritis in care homes
Get PDFNoroviruses are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups, but illness is more severe and causes excess mortality in the elderly, particularly those in long term care. The total burden of norovirus disease in the elderly in the UK is poorly defined; no current surveillance programmes systematically or accurately quantify norovirus infection in those living in care homes. The aim of this study was to evaluate an enhanced surveillance system for acute gastroenteritis among the elderly in care homes.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
Five participating care homes in North West England, United Kingdom.
Participants
Residents and staff present at the five study care homes between 15 August 2017 and 30 May 2019 (n = 268).
Outcome measures
We calculated incidence rates for all gastroenteritis cases per 1000 person-years at risk and per 1000 bed-days at risk. We also calculated the incidence rate of gastroenteritis outbreaks per 100 care homes per year.
Results
In total 45 cases were reported during the surveillance period, equating to 133.7 cases per 1000 person-years at risk. In residents the incidence rate was 0.62 cases per 1000 beddays. We observed 7 outbreaks in all care homes included in surveillance, a rate of 76.4
outbreaks per 100 care homes per year. 15 stool samples were tested; three were positive for norovirus, no other pathogens were detected.
Conclusions
We found that surveillance of infectious gastroenteritis disease in care homes based on outbreaks, the current general approach, detected a majority of cases of gastroenteritis. However, if policymakers are to estimate the burden of infectious gastroenteritis in this
setting using only routine outbreak surveillance data and not accounting for non-outbreak cases, this study implies that the total burden will be underestimate
Patient and public involvement in designing, delivering and disseminating core outcome set (COS) studies, what does it look like? – An animation
No full textPatients and the public can help to design, deliver and disseminate ‘core outcome set’ studies (see below), this brief video explains what involving patients in such studies might look like. The video is designed for patients and the public who want to know more about being involved in core outcome set studies and/or can be used by researchers looking to involve patients as research partners in their work.
What is a core outcome set study?
At the moment, different research studies looking at the same treatments for the same condition often measure different outcomes. When such studies are completed, we cannot compare or combine their results because they have used different outcomes. Research needs to be tidied up in order to help reduce waste in research. The outcomes used in research may also not be relevant to patients. So, what’s the solution? Well, if all studies in a particular health condition included the same outcomes, they could all be compared and combined – we call this a ‘core outcome set’.
Core outcome set studies bring all key stakeholders together ( including patients) to agree on which outcomes are crucial to measure in research studies for a particular condition. Consensus methods like surveys and meetings are used to come to an agreement. Involving patients in designing and delivering these studies helps to make sure the study is accessible and appropriate way for patients to take part in. Our video tells the story of Dev, a patient research partner and Lei, a researcher leading the study, who worked together to design a core outcome set study that is accessible to patients.
This video has been developed by the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) Initiative which brings together people interested in developing and using core outcome sets. https://www.comet-initiative.org
Drosophila pachea
No full textA photography collection (lateral, ventral, and dorsal images) of Drosophila pachea. Part of a collection of photographs at Drosophoto.co
Supporting Information for Thesis titled "Computational prediction of gel properties"
No full textData to support the findings in the PhD thesis by Jack Simpson entitled "Computational Prediction of Gel Properties
Systemic application of the TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874 induces tail vasodilation in a mouse model of thermoregulation
No full textIn humans, skin is a primary thermoregulatory organ, with vasodilation leading to rapid body cooling, whereas in Rodentia the tail performs an analogous function. Many thermodetection mechanisms are likely to be involved including transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 4 (TRPV4), an ion channel with thermosensitive properties. Previous studies have shown that TRPV4 is a vasodilator by local action in blood vessels, so here we investigated whether constitutive TRPV4 activity effects Mus muscularis tail vascular tone and thermoregulation. We measured tail blood flow by pressure plethysmography in lightly sedated Mus muscularis (CD1 strain) at a range of ambient temperatures, with and without intraperitoneal administration of the blood brain barrier crossing TRPV4 antagonist GSK2193874. We also measured heart rate and blood pressure. As expected for a thermoregulatory organ, we found that tail blood flow increased with temperature. However, unexpectedly we found that GSK2193874 increased tail blood flow at all temperatures, and we observed changes in heart rate variability. Since local TRPV4 activation causes vasodilation that would increase tail blood-flow, these data suggest that increases in tail blood flow resulting from the TRPV4 antagonist may arise from a site other than the blood vessels themselves, perhaps in central cardiovascular control centres
Towards Understanding of the Li Ion Migration Pathways in the Lithium Aluminium Sulphides Li3AlS3 and Li4.3AlS3.3Cl0.7 via 6,7Li Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
No full textLi-containing materials providing fast ion transport pathways are fundamental in Li solid electrolytes and the future of all-solid-state batteries. Understanding these pathways, which usually benefit from structural disorder and cation/anion substitution, is paramount for further developments in next-generation Li solid electrolytes. Here, we exploit a range of variable temperature 6Li and 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance approaches to determine Li ion mobility path-ways, quantify Li ion jump rates and subsequently identify the limiting factors for Li ion diffusion in Li3AlS3 and chlorine doped analogue Li4.3AlS3.3Cl0.7. Static 7Li NMR line narrowing spectra of Li3AlS3 show the existence of both mobile and immobile Li ions, the latter limiting long-range translational ion diffusion, while in Li4.3AlS3.3Cl0.7, a single type of fast-moving ion is present and responsible for the higher conductivity of this phase. 6Li-6Li exchange spectroscopy spectra of Li3AlS3 reveal that the slower moving ions hop between non-equivalent Li positions in different structural layers. The absence of the immobile ions in Li4.3AlS3.3Cl0.7, as revealed from 7Li line narrowing experiments, suggests an increased rate of ion exchange between the layers in this phase compared with Li3AlS3. Detailed analysis of spin-lattice relaxation data allows extraction of Li ion jump rates that are significantly increased for the doped material and identify Li mobility pathways in both materials to be three-dimensional. The identification of factors limiting long range translational Li diffusion and understanding the effects of structural modification (such as anion substitution) on Li ion mobility provide a framework for the further development of more highly conductive Li solid electrolytes
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