DataCat: The Research Data Catalogue (University of Liverpool)
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Data from: Social group composition modulates the role of last male sperm precedence in post-copulatory sexual selection
No full textIn many species, the order in which males mate with a female explains much of the variation in paternity arising from post-copulatory sexual selection. Research in Drosophila suggests that mating order may account for the majority of the variance in male reproductive success. However, the effects of mating order on paternity bias might not be static but could potentially vary with social or environmental factors. To test this idea, we used an existing dataset, collated from an experiment we previously published (Morimoto et al. 2016), with the addition of unpublished data from the same experiment. These previous experiments manipulated larval density in Drosophila melanogaster which generated variation in male and female body size, assembled groups of individuals of different sizes, and measured the mating success and paternity share of focal males. The data presented here provide information on each focal male’s mating order and the frequency in which focal males remated with the same females (‘repetitive matings’). We combined this information with our previously reported focal male reproductive success to partition variance in paternity into male mating order and repetitive matings across groups that differed in the body size composition of males and females. We found, as expected, that male mating order explained a considerable portion of the variance in male paternity. However, we also found that the impact of male mating order on male paternity was influenced by the body size composition of groups. Specifically, males that tended to mate last had a greater paternity advantage, and displayed lower variance, in groups containing a heterogenous mixture of male body sizes than in groups with a single male body size. Repetitive mating only had a minor contribution to the variance in male paternity share across all experiments. Overall, our findings contribute to the growing body of research showing that post-copulatory sexual selection is subject to socio-ecological influences
Qualitative study of irish teacher perceptions of their role supporting student mental health
Get PDFThis study reports on secondary school teachers’ experiences and perceptions regarding their role supporting students with mental health difficulties. In recent decades, it has been suggested that teachers could play a more expanded role in supporting student mental health. Education policy globally is shifting towards a growing expectation that teachers can and will assume that role, although the scope of that role has not been clearly defined and data on how teachers feel about assuming that additional responsibility is just emerging. Data were collected using semi-structured one-to-one interviews with (n=12) classroom teachers in Irish secondary schools in August to December 2020. Results revealed that teachers feel responsibility and concern for their students’ wellbeing but face challenges balancing educational responsibilities with pastoral care. Teachers reported being open to providing support to students experiencing mental health difficulties, but feel that they lack appropriate training to support students with mental health issues and some fear they could “make matters worse”
Age-related macular degeneration in people with diabetes mellitus: prevalence, incidence, and determinants.
No full textThere were limited epidemiology data of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) prevalence and incidence in people with diabetes and its determinants, including the effect of DR and diabetes medication, to the incidence and progression of AMD. Fundus photographic image from DR screening is reported to be reliable to detect AMD. In the UK, the universal photographic screening programme for DR in diabetes provided sufficient data of medical record to understand the risk and protective factors that affect the development and progression of the disease whilst also provided an opportunity to identify other retinal pathologies such as AMD
In vitro Investigation of Photodynamic vs. Photothermal Cancer Therapy Using Gold Nanoparticles
Get PDFThese data were collected during an in vitro investigation of the effects of light irradiation on HeLa cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles. Different nanoparticle incubation and/or irradiation conditions result in cell death by either photodynamic or photothermal effects
Program code and data for 'Elongation enhances migration through hydrodynamic shear'
No full textMATLAB R020A code & simulated data for paper 'Elongation enhances migration through hydrodynamic shear
Data for: Ornaments indicate parasite load only if they are dynamic, or parasites are contagious
No full textChoosing to mate with an infected partner has several potential fitness costs, including disease transmission and infection-induced reductions in fecundity and parental care. By instead choosing a mate with no, or few, parasites, animals avoid these costs and may also obtain resistance genes for offspring. Within a population, then, the quality of sexually selected ornaments on which mate choice is based should correlate negatively with the number of parasites with which a host is infected (‘parasite load’). However, the hundreds of tests of this prediction yield positive, negative, or no correlation between parasite load and ornament quality. Here, we use phylogenetically controlled meta-analysis of 424 correlations from 142 studies on a wide range of host and parasite taxa to evaluate explanations for this ambiguity. We found that ornament quality is weakly negatively correlated with parasite load overall, but the relationship is more strongly negative among ornaments that can dynamically change in quality, such as behavioral displays and skin pigmentation, and thus can accurately reflect current parasite load. The relationship was also more strongly negative among parasites that can transmit during sex. Thus, the direct benefit of avoiding parasite transmission may be a key driver of parasite-mediated sexual selection. No other moderators, including methodological details and whether males exhibit parental care, explained the substantial heterogeneity in our dataset. We hope to stimulate research that more inclusively considers the many and varied ways in which parasites, sexual selection, and epidemiology intersect
Scaling up gas and electric cooking in low- and middle-income countries: Climate threat or mitigation strategy with co-benefits?
No full textNearly three billion people in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on polluting fuels, resulting in millions of avoidable deaths annually. Polluting fuels also emit short-lived climate forcers and greenhouse gases (GHGs). Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and grid-based electricity are scalable alternatives to polluting fuels but have raised climate and health concerns. Here, we compare emissions and climate impacts of a business-as-usual household cooking fuel trajectory to four large-scale transitions to gas and/or grid electricity in 77 LMICs. We account for upstream and end-use emissions from gas and electric cooking, assuming electrical grids evolve according to the 2022 World Energy Outlook’s “Stated Policies” Scenario. We input the emissions into a reduced-complexity climate model to estimate radiative forcing and temperature changes associated with each scenario. We find full transitions to LPG and/or electricity decrease emissions from both well-mixed GHG and short-lived climate forcers, resulting in a roughly 5 millikelvin global temperature reduction by 2040. Transitions to LPG and/or electricity also reduce annual emissions of PM2.5 by over 6 Mt (99%) by 2040, which would substantially lower health risks from Household Air Pollution
Geographically Weighted Regression Analysis: Examining the Relationship between Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2019 and Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Adults (50 years old and above) in Cheshire and Merseyside ICS, 2020. An Interactive Map Application
Get PDFGeographically Weighted Regression Analysis: Exploring the Relationship between Median Age in LSOAs and Hearing Loss Prevalence in Adults (50+) in Cheshire and Merseyside ICS, 2020
For more detailed information on this type of spatial analysis, please visit https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/latest/tool-reference/spatial-statistics/geographically-weighted-regression.ht
Superionic lithium transport via multiple coordination environments defined by two anion packing
No full textFast cation transport in solids underpins energy storage. Materials design has focused on structures that can define transport pathways with minimal cation coordination change, restricting attention to a small part of chemical space. Motivated by the greater structural diversity of binary intermetallics than that of the metallic elements, we use two anions to build a pathway for three-dimensional superionic lithium ion conductivity that exploits multiple cation coordination environments. Li7Si2S7I is a pure lithium ion conductor created by an ordering of sulphide and iodide that combines elements of hexagonal and cubic close-packing analogously to the structure of NiZr. The resulting diverse network of lithium positions with distinct geometries and anion coordination chemistries affords low barriers to transport, opening a large structural space for high cation conductivity
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