Jurnal Online Teknologi Industri (UMI FTI - Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar)
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Analysis of Cellulose and Cellulose Acetate Production Stages from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) and Its Application to Bioplastics
Get PDFAbstractOil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is a type of solid waste from the palm oil processing industry. The components of OPEFB include cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. OPEFB has a large cellulose content, so it possesses the potential to be used as a bioplastic material. The purpose of this research was to examine the stages of the bioplastics' production process and its characterization. The cellulose content of OPEFB as raw material and during the isolation process which includes hydrolysis, delignification, pulping, and bleaching are 39.59%, 56.00%, 59.85%, 61.48%, and 68.20%, respectively. Cellulose isolation produces α-cellulose content of 97.87%. The resulting cellulose acetate has an acetyl content of 25.93%. The bioplastics were then characterized to determine the effect of cellulose acetate, starch, chitosan, and glycerol on the physical and mechanical properties of the plastics. The results of the physical properties characterization include biodegradability, water absorption, and density with values of 78.73%, 38.26%, and 1.2% respectively. The results of the mechanical properties characterization include tensile strength, elongation, and modulus of elasticity with values of 0.729 MPa, 4.13%, and 17.5 MPa, respectively. The functional groups in the bioplastics, which are O-H, C-H, C-O, C=O, and N-H, are produced from the mixing process between cellulose acetate, starch, chitosan, and glycerol
Analisis Mineral Matter dan Kualitas Batubara Blok Batulaki Kecamatan Satui, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
No full textSampel batubara dari Blok Batulaki, Kecamatan Satui, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan telah diteliti untuk mengetahui komposisi mineral dan kualitasnya. Analisis mineral matter dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode mikroskopis dan difraktometri sinar X ( (XRD), sedangkan untuk analisis kualitas batubara terdiri atas analisis proksimat, analisis total sulfur, dan analisis nilai kalori. Hasil analisis mineral matter memperlihatkan sampel batubara didominasi oleh kaolinit (Kln) yang diikuti oleh pirit (Py), kuarsa (Qz), kalsit (Cal), dan goetit (Gt). Hasil analisis proksimat, total sulfur, dan nilai kalori menunjukkan bahwa kualitas batubara Blok Batulaki termasuk kedalam kelembaban tinggi, kadar abu rendah, zat terbang tinggi, karbon padat menengah dan sulfur rendah. Rata-rata nilai kalori yaitu sebesar 5516,94 kal/gr mengindikasikan bahwa peringkat batubara Blok Batulaki tergolong dalam sub-bituminous coal
WORKLOAD ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE THE NUMBER OF LABOR IN SOAP PRODUCTION USING THE FULL TIME EQUIVALENT METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF PT. XY
Get PDFPT. XY is a manufacturing company in Surabaya that produces household hygienic goods, such as soap bars and liquid soap. It is known that the actual condition of production in the company is still not optimal due to the uneven workload at each work station. This also results in workers experiencing excessive workloads that cause fatigue or illness, and there are more unemployed, causing decreased performance. According to the problems above, this research was conducted to determine the value of the workload received and to find out the optimal number of workers so that in the future work can be more effective and efficient. Solving workload analysis problems in this study using the Full Time Equivalent method. Based on the results of the study, it was known that the workload of the bar soap production section was 16 people, 3 people were found in the Normal category and 13 people experienced the workload in the Overload category. While the results of the workload of the liquid soap production section were 19 people, 6 people were found in the Normal category and 13 people experienced a workload in the Underload category. For calculating the optimal number of workers, the results obtained for the production of bar soap need to add 7 people to the workforce and liquid soap production to reduce the workforce by 3 people
SUPPLY CHAIN RISK MANAGEMENT IN THE FUTURE INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA IN FACING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic that has hit the world, especially Indonesia since March 2, 2020, has given rise to several impacts on the economy and worsened the export-import performance. Non-construction investment is at risk of slowing down due to the decline in prospects for exports of goods and services and disruption of production chains. This research was conducted on a furniture company in Pasuruan, East Java. The company obtains its raw materials from China at about 30% of its production needs with the main consumers come from United States. The initial stage of the research was to identify the business processes based on 4 core SCOR processes. The research method used was House of Risk (HOR) to identify the risk events and risk agents in HOR Phase I, and determine the preventive strategy on HOR Phase II. There were 45 risk events and 30 risk agents, where the risk agent with the highest ARP value was prioritized to obtain the risk management strategies. It was obtained social restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemiccontribute the highest score of ARP value
Perengkahan Katalitik Distilat Asam Lemak Minyak Sawit (DALMs) menggunakan Katalis HCl Berpenyangga Gamma Alumina
No full textDistilat asam lemak minyak sawit merupakan hasil samping dari pengolahan minyak sawit yang masih mengandung asam lemak bebas sehingga berpotensi sebagai bahan baku energi alternatif. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa ketergantungan akan bahan bakar fosil semakin hari semakin meningkat, sedangkan bahan bakar fosil tidak dapat diperbaharui. Hal inilah yang mendorong para peneliti mengembangkan riset terkait bahan baku terbarukan dan metode terbaik untuk menghasilkan bahan bakar alternatif. Salah satu metode pembuatan biofuel adalah perengkahan katalitik yang menghasilkan beberapa produk biofuel, yaitu biogasoline (C5–C11), biokerosin (C12–C15) dan biodiesel (C16–C20). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi katalis HCl/g-Al2O3 (1, 3, 5 dan 7)% dan HCl/Ni/g-Al2O3 (1, 3, 5 dan 7)% terhadap produk biofuel hasil perengkahan katalitik distilat asam lemak minyak sawit (DALMs). Reaksi perengkahan katalitik dioperasikan pada suhu konstan 370oC, tekanan 1 atm dan volume reaktan 50 ml. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh sebesar 80% dengan menggunakan katalis HCl/g-Al2O3 (1%) ; selektivitas terhadap biogasoline (C5–C11) 5,27%, biokerosin (C12–C15) 30,4%, dan biodiesel (C16–C20) 28,79%. Perolehan nilai rendemen yang sama juga diperoleh dengan menggunakan katalis HCl/Ni/g-Al2O3 (1%) yaitu sebesar 80%; selektivitas terhadap biogasoline (C5–C11) 4,51%, biokerosin (C12–C15) 28%, dan biodiesel (C16–C20) 37,3%
Penentuan Arah Pergerakan Lindi Dengan Metode Geolistrik Pada Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Daerah Maiwa, Kecamatan Maiwa, Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan
No full textOne of the important aspects in urban solid waste management is the problem of leachate which if it is not managed properly will cause a serious threat to the environment, because leachate production will enter underground water streams and also surface water. Leachate is a liquid that flows or 'dissolves' from landfills, with a composition that varies depending on the age of the landfill and the type of waste contained in it. This leachate usually contains dissolved bacteria or and insoluble bacteria. The study site is composed of clastic sedimentary rocks in the form of sandstones and conglomerates, which are included in the Miocene Pliocene Sand (Tmps) tertiary rock formations and the Miocene Conglomerate Tertiary (Tmc). The results of previous studies found that the area where the waste landfill is located on coarse to fine-grained rocks, which is very likely that the flow of leachate contained in the waste landfill location will affect the quality of the water system around the waste landfill location. From the results of this study, it can be known the direction of leachate flow by the geoelectric method and the extent of its effect on the groundwater system in the area around the landfil
Effect of Leaching Time on Dissolution of Gold Metal (Au) in Gold Ore Deposits by Hydrometallurgical Process
No full textOne of Indonesia’s potential gold ore deposits is found in the Bolaang Mongondow area of North Sulawesi Province. This research is one of the initial studies conducted to determine the metal content of gold in ore deposits based on the results of Au extraction using aqua regia. It is known that several operating parameters determine the success rate of the leaching process. One of these parameters is the leaching time. The leaching time ranges used in the study were 5, 10, 20, 60, and 120 minutes. Based on the variation of the leaching time applied to the leaching process, it will also be known how much mass of dissolved Au metal is. The leached filtrate obtained was then analyzed for its concentration using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) instrument. The AAS data were then processed using x and y curves to obtain the optimum leaching time, and the mass of dissolved Au metal was obtained using the equation. The results showed that the optimal time for the hydrometallurgical process in gold ore deposits was 120 minutes with an Au concentration of 1.67 mg/L.
Analisis Probability Distribution Function Terhadap Perubahan Tutupan Lahan Dan Fraksi Awan Di Indonesia
No full textLand use exceeds the standard of suitability and availability over Indonesia, which causes uncontrolled land acquisitions every year. Changes in land use can be controlled by monitoring changes in land cover and the effect of land changes on hydrological cycle components such as cloud fraction. The land cover and cloud fraction distribution were identified using the NDVI index and cloud fraction parameters. The NDVI index value in Indonesia is 0.73 to 0.81, representing land cover in Indonesia, which is relatively high. Meanwhile, the cloud fraction showed the lowest value between 0.6 to 0.7 in summer and experienced the highest cloud cover at the peak of the rainy season. The analysis of the distribution of both land cover and cloud cover shows the consistency of value stability in the rainy season starting from November to May from 2003 to 2016. The correlation value based on the spatial analysis between the NDVI anomaly and the cloud fraction parameter anomaly has a value range of around -0. 8 to 0.8. The correlation between the NDVI anomaly and the cloud parameter anomaly has a negative correlation in Indonesia, including Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java and Bali, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, and Papua. Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua islands have a prominent role with a negative correlation between the NDVI anomaly and the cloud fraction parameter anomaly. It is feared to be caused by changes in land use to deforestation of natural area conservation areas into oil palm plantations and mining
Karakterisasi Dan Modifikasi Karbon Aktif Dari Mahkota Nanas Sebagai Bioadsorben
Get PDFSalah satu limbah dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bioadsorben yaitu limbah mahkota nanas karena mengandung selulosa 71%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis aktivator pada karbon limbah mahkota nanas terhadap karakteristik bioadsorben meliputi luas area dan gugus fungsional/active site. Arang aktif dari limbah mahkota nanas dengan metode pirolisis pada suhu 400oC selama 2 jam, setelah itu arang yang terbentuk dilakukan penyaringan dan screening ukuran 120 mesh. Tahap selanjutnya yaitu modifikasi, arang dari hasil pirolisis di rendam dalam larutan H3PO4, Sodium Dedocylbenzene Sulfonate (DBS), NaOH dengan dengan variasi konsentrasi (2,3,4,5,6%) selama 2,5 jam dengan suhu 25oC dengan rasio 25 g : 100 ml. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa limbah mahkota nanas dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben melalui proses pengarangan dan aktivasi menggunakan NaOH 2% dan surfaktan DSB 4%, arang aktif dari limbah mahkota nanas teraktivasi NaOH 2% memiliki nilai daya serap iodin yaitu 1015,20 mg/g dan luas area adsorben sebesar 338,92 m2/g Karakterisasi gugus fungsi adsorben terdapat gugus C=C aromatik, C-H alifatik dan -OH yang menjadi gugus aktif sebagai adsorben. Efektivitas adsorpsi dari arang limbah mahkota nanas diperoleh sebesar 91,87% pada arang teraktivasi NaOH 25 dan 90,03% pada arang teraktivasi surfaktan DBS
ANALYSIS OF PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS TO MINIMIZE PIPE LEAKS AND DECREASE IN WATER QUALITY USING TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF PT.XYZ
Get PDFPT. XYZ is a company engaged in the management of clean water supply systems in an ABC industrial area managed by PT. ABC. PT.XYZ experienced the problem of water loss which can be categorized as high in the production process of 15.5% and in the distribution process of 32.6%, where this value exceeds the standard set by the government. This water loss is caused by pipe leaks, which then has an impact on the declining quality of clean water. In this study, the TQM (Total Quality Management) approach was used to overcome these problems. Based on research, the company has implemented the majority of the principles of TQM and has a positive impact on better performance in providing clean water for PT.ABC. The recommendation is proposed by investing in additional infrastructure in the form of a Water Treatment Plant (WTP)