Jurnal Online Teknologi Industri (UMI FTI - Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar)
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KARAKTERISASI SIFAT MEKANIK DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO ASSAB 608 HASIL PERLAKUAN PANAS UNTUK APLIKASI OUTER OLEO STRUT LANDING GEAR
Get PDFInti SariOuter oleo strut adalah salah satu komponen landing gear yang berfungsi sebagai penopang benturan pendaratan dan meredam osilasi output vertikal. Outer oleo strut dibuat dengan material ASSAB 608 melalui proses perlakuan panas. ASSAB 608 adalah baja paduan rendah dengan unsur pemadu utama yaitu chromium, molybdenum dan nikel. Baja jenis ini mempunyai keuletan, ketangguhan, kekuatan yang tinggi dan ketahanan terhadap beban impak. Metode yang digunakan adalah perlakuan panas. Proses pemanasan dilakukan ditemperatur austenit (950ºC) ditahan selama 30 menit dan didinginkan secara cepat di oli, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses temper pada temperatur 300 ºC. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik hasil proses, maka dilakukan pemeriksaan komposisi, pengujian kekerasan, pengujian impak, dan pengujian metalografi. AbstractThe outer oleo strut is one of the components of the landing gear that functions as a support for landing collisions and dampens vertical output oscillations. The outer oleo strut is made with ASSAB 608 material through a heat treatment process. ASSAB 608 is a low alloy steel with the main alloying elements being chromium, molybdenum and nickel. This type of steel has ductility, toughness, high strength and resistance to impact loads. The method used is heat treatment. The heating process is carried out at austenite temperature (950ºC) held for 30 minutes and cooled rapidly in oil, then followed by a tempering process at a temperature of 300 C. To determine the characteristics of the results of the process, the composition examination, hardness test, impact test, and metallographic test were carried out
Analisis Penggunaan Balldeck pada Kegiatan Peledakan untuk Meminimalisir Flyrock
No full textKegiatan peledakan akan menimbulkan dampak yang berisiko bagi lingkungan sekitar, salah satunya flyrock (batu terbang) hasil ledakan. Lemparan fragmen batuan yang melewati radius aman dapat merusak peralatan, mengakibatkan cidera, dan kehilangan nyawa pada manusia. Oleh karena itu digunakan balldeck sebagai instrumen tambahan untuk meminimalisir flyrock. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ukuran geometri peledakan yang digunakan, mengetahui cara meminimalisir flyrock pada saat peledakan, dan mengetahui cara perhitungan hasil lemparan maksimal flyrock secara teoritis dengan penggunaan balldeck. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara pengumpulan data berupa geometri peledakan, data jarak lemparan maksimum flyrock sebelum dan setelah menggunakan balldeck. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hasil rata-rata volume geometri peledakan yaitu 46.231,94 BCM, hasil rata-rata lemparan maksimum flyrock sebelum menggunakan balldeck 149,1 m, hasil rata-rata lemparan maksimum flyrock menggunakan balldeck 58,7 m, dan hasil rata-rata jarak lemparan maksimum flyrock menggunakan balldeck berdasarkan teori Richard and Moore, yaitu 80,43 m (Face Burst) dan 59,54 m (Cratering ). Adapun faktor yang meminimalisir flyrock yaitu kedalaman lubang tidak dangkal, kolom stemming tidak pendek, dan juga penggunaan balldeck di dalam lubang bor.
FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON THE TOFU INDUSTRY
Get PDFFeasibility analysis is carried out in order to ascertain whether a business activity is feasible based on several aspects. In general, the aspects analyzed are technical feasibility, market feasibility, management feasibility, financial feasibility, legal feasibility and social feasibility. The financial analysis is carried out with several criteria in the form of Net Present Value (NPV), Break Even Point (BEP) and Payback Period (PP) and risk analysis. The total value of income earned per month is Rp. 80,228,000. The value of the investment interest rate is 11.4%. The analysis is carried out based on the calculation of NPV, BEP and Pacback Period so that the data knows whether this industry can be declared feasible or not. After calculating the tofu industry, the NPV value of Rp. 217,587,161. Based on this, it can be seen that this industry can provide a net income in 10 years of Rp. 217,587,161. Because the NPV value is greater than zero, this industry is declared feasible to run because it is positive. the total cost of production is Rp. 53,934,985 per month and the principal return for the selling price is Rp. 2020 per unit. Meanwhile, from the calculation of the Payback Period value in the tofu industry, it was obtained for 3.87 years, this value indicates that the business can return capital before the age of the project is over and this makes this industry also feasible to run. In risk analysis, the highest risk is on equipment and business permits. there is not any yet. Risk parameters, the equipment used is still traditional, if you want to improve, you can replace some equipment using a more automatic machine because the work process is carried out without using a division of tasks and it is better to immediately arrange for a business licens
LAYOUT REDESIGN OF CONTAINER SHAKIGNG FIELD AT PT. XYZ
Get PDFThe Layout of the Field Layout Stacking containers is an important thing to consider because it can affect the effectiveness of the loading and unloading process in the field by arranging the Layout of the facilities in the stacking field in the Yard Layout including the Rubber Gantry Crane (RTG) and the arrangement of the lane Head Truck. So, it is necessary to research determining the Layout of containers. The design that will be made will affect the distance the head truck travels to transport containers from the dock. In several studies, two types of determined, Layout have been container namely Parallel Layout where the containers are arranged parallel to the pier, and Perpendicular Layout where the containers are arranged Perpendicular to the pier. Container terminal Makassar New Port using Parallel Layout. To increase the productivity of the loading and unloading process, an analysis of the arrangement of the stacking field is carried out. From the results of the research, the farthest travel distance is 1,048 m, with a total travel distance of 729,269 m with a fuel cost of Rp. 1,144,952 in the initial Layout (Parallel Layout), with the Perpendicular Layout, the farthest travel distance is 353.7 m with a total travel distance of 473,533 m, and the use of materials burn 743,446.8
ANALYSIS OF DEFECTIVE QUALITY CONTROL OF POWDERED DRINKS USING THE SIX SIGMA METHOD ON MULTILANE MACHINES
Get PDFThis observation aims to identify the types of defects that occur in the powder packaging process at PT. XYZ as an effort to improve product quality. By doing this observation, the benefits obtained include being able to find out what problems cause disability and be able to overcome these defects from the suggestions given by observers. The multi lane machine is a packaging machine that is the object of observation because in the packaging process on this machine there are still many defective products produced. The method used in this observation is Six Sigma with the DMAIC approach which consists of the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control stages. The results of data processing show that the sigma level value is 4.10, which means that the quality control process carried out by the company has been running well. However, more intense control still needs to be needed to minimize the possibility of defects. The causative factors that cause leakage defects in the primary packaging of xyz powder include four factors, namely Human, Machine, Method and Material factors. Then from the four factors, suggestions for improvement are given
Sintesis dan Karakteristik Struvite Dengan Proses Bubble
Get PDFHasil reaksi antara magnesium, amonium, fosfat yang berbentuk kristal berwarna putih disebut struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengetahui karakteristik struvite dengan proses bubble, dan mengetahui rasio molar, serta pH yang terbaik untuk pembentukan struvite. Variabel peubah rasio molar menggunakan variasi rasio MAP 1:1:1, 1,5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2,5:1:1, dan 3:1:1. Pembentukan struvite dilakukan menggunakan proses bubble yang berfungsi sebagai pengaduk, dengan laju aliran udara sebesar 1 L/Menit. Pembentukan mineral struvite dipengaruhi oleh pH yang akan berpengaruh pada kelarutan, sehingga digunakan variabel peubah sebesar 7, 8, 9, 10, dan 11 untuk menentukan kondisi terbaik pembentukan struvite. Hasil analisa penelitian diperoleh kondisi terbaik pembentukan struvite untuk kandungan magnesium dalam kondisi pH 9 menggunakan rasio molar 1:1:1 diperoleh sebesar 10%. Kandungan unsur fosfat pembentukan struvite diperoleh kondisi terbaik dalam pH 9 dan rasio molar 3:1:1 sebesar 69,5%. Hal tersebut terjadi karena pada pH 7-8 pembentukan struvite belum optimal, dan pada pH 10 mulai menurun karena meningkatnya impurities. Struvite yang terbentuk memiliki karateristik berbentuk batang dan ujung runcing, permukaannya rata, dengan kandungan unsur Mg sebesar 10% dan kandungan fosfat sebesar 69,5%. The product of the reaction of magnesium, ammonium, phosphate in the form of white crystals is called struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O). The purpose of this study was to use the bubble method to characterize struvite and determine the optimal molar ratio and pH for struvite formation.The molar ratio variables used variations of the Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate (MAP) ratio of 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2.5:1:1, and 3:1:1. Structural testing of struvite is carried out with a bubble process that works as a stirrer with an air flow rate of 1 L/minute. Structural minerals are influenced by pH, which will affect their solubility, so that the variables of 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are used to determine the best conditions for struvite formation. The results of the research analysis showed that optimal conditions for struvite formation of magnesium content were achieved at pH 9 conditions using a 1: 1: 1 molar ratio of 10%. Phosphate content in struvite formation was best obtained at pH 9 and a 3: 1: 1 molar ratio of 69.5%. This happens because at pH 7-8 the formation of struvite is not optimal, and at pH 10 it begins to decrease due to impurities. The struvite formed has the characteristics of being rod-shaped with pointed ends. The surface is flat with an elemental Mg content of 10% and a phosphate content of 69.5%. w:LsdException Locked="false" Priori
Recovery Fosfat Pada Hasil Ekstraksi Dolomit Sebagai Mineral Struvite Dengan Metode Aerasi
Get PDFInti SariSisa cadangan fosfat yang dapat diakses dari mineral fosfat diperkirakan akan habis dalam 50 tahun, jika pertumbuhan permintaan pupuk tetap 3% per tahun. Mengurangi penggunaan fosfat secara berlebihan, akan membantu cadangan fosfat bertahan lebih lama. Adapun alternatif untuk menghemat cadangan fosfat adalah dengan recovery fosfat, yang memiliki keuntungan tambahan untuk meminimalkan eutrofikasi. Struvite merupakan recovery mineral fosfat yang optimal dan berfungsi sebagai pupuk lepas lambat. Pembuatan struvite pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mereaksikan hasil ekstraksi dolomit (Mg3(PO4)2) dan Amonium Hidroksida (NH4OH). Digunakan variasi rasio MAP sebesar 1:1:1, 1,5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2,5:1:1 dan 3:1:1. Melakukan penambahan Natrium Hidroksida (NaOH) guna mendapatkan pH yang bervariasi yaitu 7, 8, 9, 10 dan 11. Pada recovery fosfat digunakan metode aerasi, dengan laju alir udara sebesar 1 liter per menit. Aerasi dibutuhkan untuk proses pengadukan pada larutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian yaitu uji X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), sehingga diperoleh kandungan mineral fosfat ter tinggi dalam pembentukan struvite. Recovery fosfat tertinggi diperoleh pada rasio MAP sebesar 2,5 : 1 : 1 dengan pH yaitu 9. Hasil recovery fosfat yang diperoleh sebesar 84,3% , dan menurut SNI 02-3776-2005 kandungan P pada pupuk struvite yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini memiliki tingkat mutu yang baik. Abstract If the growth demand of fetrtilizer is constant at 3% per year, the remaining accessible phosphate reserves from phosphate minerals will run out in about 50 years. The simplest way to help it last longer is by reducing the use of phosphate. However, there is an alternative for saving phosphate reserves, by recovering phosphate which has another advantage of eutrophication. Struvite is an optimal mineral phosphate recovery and works as a slow release fertilizer. The manufacture of struvite in this study was carried out by reacting the extraction results of dolomite (Mg3(PO4)2) and Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH). The MAP ratio variation is 1:1:1, 1.5:1:1, 2:1:1, 2.5:1:1 and 3:1:1. The addition of NaOH with various concentrations is operated to obtain a various pH, such as 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. In the aeration method, the air flow rate is needed and we use 1L/min In phosphate recovery aeration is needed for the stirring process in the solution. We use X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) test in this research, so we know the highest phosphate mineral content in the formation of struvite. The highest phosphate recovery was obtained at a MAP ratio of 2.5: 1: 1 with a pH of 9. The result of phosphate recovery obtained was 84.3%, according to SNI 02-3776-2005 the P content in the struvite fertilizer produced in this study has good level of quality
Analisis Karakteristik Mineralogi dan Geokimia Berdasarkan Zona Profil Endapan Nikel Laterit (Studi Kasus: Blok X PT Ang and Fang Brother, Site Lalampu, Kecamatan Bahodopi, Kabupaten Morowali, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
No full textRegionally, the study area is located in the Ophiolite Belt of East Sulawesi, particularly in the Tomata Formation (Tmpt), and is composed of igneous rock distribution in the Ultramafic Complex (Ku). The exposed of ultramafic rocks, caused the study area to contain elements of economic value such as nickel. The study aims to identify the constituent minerals, determine the abundance of elements and compounds, as well the correlation of major and minor elements and compounds based on the profile zone of laterite nickel deposits. Study data were in the form of soil and rock samples, and drilling data as many as 59 points. The mineral content of the study results was obtained based on the analysis of X-ray Diffraction and Petrography, while the univariate and bivariate statistical analysis was carried out on the drilling data. The results of the analysis obtained assemblages of minerals in the form of goethite, hematite, chlorite, and quartz in the limonite zone; antigorite, enstatite, chlorite, quartz, and magnetite in the saprolite zone; and lizardite, enstatite, spinel, and magnetite in the bedrock zone, with the bedrock type being serpentinized harzburgite. The results of the descriptive analysis showed the grade of major elements and compounds, which are Fe, SiO2, MgO, and Al, as well as minor elements, which are Ni, Cr, Co, Ca, and Mn which varied in each zone, where grade of SiO2, MgO, and Ca increased to the bottom of the profile, and the grade of Fe, Al, Cr, Mn, and Co decreased towards the bottom of the profile, while Ni increased to the saprolite zone. The results of the correlation of elements and compounds in the limonite zone are Cr vs Mn; SiO2 vs MgO and Ca; Ni vs Co and Cr; Fe vs Co positive is very strong to strong correlation, while Fe vs SiO2, MgO vs Al; Al vs Ni is strong negative correlation. Saprolite zone Fe vs Al, Cr, and Co; Cr vs Mn and Co; Mn vs Co; SiO2 vs MgO; Fe vs Mn; Al vs Cr, Mn, and Co were very strong to strong positive correlation, while Fe vs SiO2 and MgO; SiO2 vs Co; MgO vs Cr and Co; SiO2 vs Al, Cr, and Mn; MgO vs Al and Mn were very strong to strong negative correlation. Bedrock zones of Fe vs Cr, Mn, and Co; Cr vs Mn; Fe vs Al; Co vs Al, Cr, and Mn were very strong to strong positive correlation, while MgO vs Fe and Cr were strongly negative correlation
Analisis Karakteristik Penetralan Fly Ash Batubara Terhadap Air Asam Dengan Metode Acid Buffer Characteristic Curve
No full textFly ash atau abu terbang batubara yang dihasilkan oleh sisa pembakaran batubara hanya dianggap sebagai limbah B3 dan sangat kurang dari segi pemanfaatan, pada penelitian sebelumnya diketahui bahwa fly ash ternyata memiliki sifat alkalinitas yang dapat menetralkan air asam tambang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik penetralan fly ash batubara terhadap air asam . Untuk menganalisis karakteristik penetralan fly ash digunakan metode Acid Buffer Characteristic Curve (ABCC), metode ini menggunakan system titrasi asam HCl dan H2SO4 (0.5 Molar) kedalam sampel dengan jumlah 0,4 ml setiap satu kali titrasi dan titrasi akan terus dilakukan sampai dengan pH 2. Kandungan fly ash dominan terdiri dari silaka (SiO2) 40.13%, Alumunium oksida Al2O3) 13,71%, Kalsium oksida (CaO) 12.50%, Besi Oksida (FeO) 20%. Hasil uji static nilai Acid Neutralizing Capacity dari fly ash adalah 337,88 kgH2SO4/ton dan nilai NAPP -326 kgH2SO4/ton ini mengindikasikan sifat alkalinitas yang tinggi dari fly ash. Grafik ABCC menunjukan karakteristik penetealan pada fly ash kurang maksimal pada pH diatas netral karena kandungan CaO yang tidak terlalu besar sehingga kapasitas buffer pada range pH tersebut tidak maksimal berbeda dengan karakteristik penetralan pada pH dibawah netral (6-3) fly ash sangat baik pada range pH tersebut karena kandungan gypsum, magnesium, dan alumunium oksida yang bereaksi pada range pH tersebut. Dari hasil pengujian ABCC mendeskripsikan bahwa karakteristik penetralan pada fly ash cukup baik tetapi memiliki kapasitas penyangga (buffer capacity) yang kecil pada pH 7-10
Pendugaan Keberadaan Bauksit Laterit di Sebagian Wilayah Gunung Tanjunggangse Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Tahanan Jenis Konfigurasi Dipol-dipol
No full textAn estimation of the presence of bauxite in a part of Mount Tanjunggangse, Kendawangan District, Ketapang Regency has been carried out. The geoelectric method of resistivity dipole-dipole configuration with 5 measurements was used to investigate the presence of bauxite later. The length of each measurement is 141 m with a distance between the electrodes of 3 m. The data obtained were processed using the Res2Dinv software. The results showed that the appropriate species boundary values of 279.57 - 6.552 Ωm were interpreted as bauxite, a value of 6.552 - 25.172 Ωm was interpreted as saprolite, and a value of 25.172 - 161.244 Ωm was interpreted as sandstone