International Journal of Contemporary Dental and Medical Reviews
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Combination syndrome: An update
Get PDFDestructive changes in the hard and soft tissues have been reported in patients with maxillary complete denture opposed by natural anterior teeth and a bilateral distal extension removable partial denture. The characteristic features of these changes include loss of bone from anterior portion of the maxillary ridge, overgrowth of the tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia of hard palatal mucosa, extrusion of mandibular anterior teeth and loss of alveolar bone and ridge height beneath the mandibular removable partial denture bases, which is termed as combination syndrome as described by Kelly. This article reviews about sequelae of combination syndrome and recent treatment modalities in treating combination syndrome
Tongue thrusting habit: A review
Get PDFOral habits are learned patterns of muscle contraction and have a very complex nature. They are associated with anger, hunger, sleep, tooth eruption and fear. Some children even display oral habits for release of mental tension. These habits might be non-nutritive sucking (thumb, finger, pacifier and/or tongue), lip biting and bruxism events. Tongue thrust is the most common of them, these habits can result in damage to dento-alveolar structure hence causes and its management plan is important to every clinician
Irrigants in endodontic treatment
Get PDFThe aim of root canal treatment is to remove virulence factors from this system. Cleaning and shaping of the root canal are at the outmost importance in endodontic treatment. Canal irrigation during the process of cleaning and shaping can lead to the elimination of microorganism, which are not removable through physical methods. Moreover, during the preparation of root canal, manually and by rotary instruments, the smear layer is created that must be eliminated by irrigants. In the present review article, irrigants were investigated in terms of chemical and biological features and their effective and safe ways of usage, along with some information that have been proposed on recent developments of root canal solutions. Furthermore, this topic has been studied regarding its effect on microorganisms and smear layer. In the present article, a review has been conducted through libraries, PubMed, ISI Web of science, Scopus websites, and Google using keywords such as endodontic treatment, intracanal irrigant, anti-bacterial, chlorhexidine, smear layer, and sodium hypochlorite. Diff erent materials have been introduced as root canal irrigants. Although sodium hypochlorite is the most common material used in the endodontic treatment against root canal microorganism, it has certain disadvantages and limitations and could not entirely remove the smear layer. Therefore, there is no irrigant that is capable of providing all the features of an appropriate irrigant individually. To remove the smear layer, ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid is required as the final rinse. High-density sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is more effective than 1 and 2% solutions. In order to eliminate the microorganisms of the root canal and the smear layer, it is suggested to use two or more detergents with a proper frequency. Using chlorhexidine as the final detergent creates a lasting impact
Materials of facial prosthesis: History and advance
Get PDFThe purpose of this paper is to review information regarding prosthetic materials used in the construction of extra oral maxillofacial prosthesis that used to restore missing or defective ear, nose or eye, and their surrounding tissues. There is variety of materials used including acrylic resin and silicon with advanced modifications in recent years
To evaluate the effect of two passive ultrasonic irrigation methods on removal of dentin debris from root canal systems using computational fluid dynamics study model
Get PDFObjectives: The aim was to evaluate the effect of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), on removal of dentin debris from root canals comparing intermittent and continuous flow methods using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study model. Methods: A total of 75 freshly extracted single-rooted maxillary canines with mature apices were selected. The root canals were prepared to a master apical size of F4 and the teeth were then split longitudinally through the canal forming two halves. A standard groove was made and filled with dentin debris. Images of the groove were taken using a Nikon microscope at ×40 magnifi cation without and with dentin debris. The two halves were re-assembled and teeth were divided into five groups and irrigated accordingly. Group 1: UI with continuous flow or 3.0 min, Group 2: UI with continuous flow for 1.5 min, Group 3: UI with intermittent flow for 3.0 min, Group 4: UI with intermittent fl ow for 1.5 min. Group 5: Syringe irrigation for 1 min. The root halves were separated and re-evaluated for the debris elimination after the irrigation protocol, for all the groups separately. The effect of time and method of PUI were compared. For the computational fluid analysis, GAMBIT 2.2 (Ansys) software was used for the mesh construction and the FLUENT 6.2 (Ansys) software to set the boundary conditions and the reconstruction of the canal. The velocity inlet boundary conditions were set for the entrance of the irrigant. The flow patterns and turbulence were graphically constructed. Results: The PUI and activation of sodium hypochlorite inside the root canal exhibited better debris removal than syringe irrigation both at 1% and 5% level of significance. However, the continuous irrigation methods were better at debris removal than intermittent irrigation flow methods. The time used for the various irrigation regimens had slight difference in the efficacy, which did not exhibit any statistical significance at 1% level of significance, but exhibited statistical significance at 5% level of significance. The CFD showed that the turbulence of flow of irrigant was dependent upon the inlet velocity and pressure of the irrigant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the debris removal from the canals was better with the PUI when compared with syringe irrigation. Passive continuous irrigation demonstrated better debris removal than the passive ultrasonic intermittent irrigation. In both methods, the eff ect of time did not have signifi ant statistical diff erence. CFD removal depended on the turbulence that was affected by the velocity and pressure of the irrigant introduced and is a variable entity
A review on stresses-induced by removable partial dentures
Get PDFThe proportion of partially dentate adults who wear removable partial dentures (RPDs) is increasing in many populations. The main objective in such patients is to provide prosthodontic rehabilitation with avoidance of further tooth loss. This narrative literature review aims to consider the stresses-induced by RPD and various methods to reduce them. An extensive review of the literature was performed using Medline/PubMed database to study various articles detailing role of RPD appliance designing in stresses-induced during their function. RPDs can have a negative influence on the health of oral tissues. The stresses-induced by it are important factors in the success of this particular type of prosthesis. This article analyzes each stress and suggests clinical and construction procedures with main emphasis on appliance designing, appliance size, its relationship to the gingivae and effect of torsional forces for bringing about the most effective of the RPD
Effective management of ameloblastoma: A review
Get PDFAim-In order to evaluate typically the relevant literature as well as figure out the best modality of cure pertaining to ameloblastomasStudy selection-A electronic literature seek utilizing Medline was first performed regarding released articles about management of ameloblastomas. Terms utilized in the browse were ameloblastoma and treatment method; ameloblastoma as well as surgical management. An endeavor was done to execute an organized critique about the subject, however because of inconsistency in vocabulary,treatment method process, insufficient randomised controlled trial and insufficient follow-up and analysis in the majority of of the articles researched, a narrative imperative overview of chosen pertinent literature concerning treatments for ameloblastoma was performed.Results-It is extensively documented that the recurrence of an ameloblastoma mainly displays the ineffectiveness or perhaps lack of success of the main surgical treatment. Recent reports have unquestionably indicated that every time a analysis of ameloblastoma is done, the method has to be intense as well as radical in order to steer clear of recurrence. The recurrence rates of 55% to 90% regarding solid or multicystic lesions handled through conventional strategy (enucleation or curettage) and in many cases metastases have been documented. Concerning unicystic ameloblastoma, methodical overview of the literary works indicates that extreme method of treatment led to minimum recurrence rate. For ameloblastomas, the initial surgical treatment (particularly radical) offers the best chance to the patient.Conclusion-There is actually a lack of agreement over the most suitable treatment method with regard to ameloblastomas.Yet, much more radical strategy (whenever feasible) definitely seems to be the most effective method for the control over these benign, however locally aggressive, lesions having inclination for numerous repeated episodes
Management of a permanent maxillary second molar with two disto buccal canals: A case report with literature review
Get PDFHuman molars show considerable anatomic variations with respect to number of roots and root canals. The most common form of the permanent maxillary second molar has three roots and four canals, two mesiobuccal canals and one distobuccal (DB) and palatalcanal each. About 98.3% of maxillary second molar have been reported to have a single DB canal. Two canals were found only 1.2-2.2% of the time, hence showing the second disto buccal canal to being a rare occurrence. This case report presents the management of a maxillary second molar with two disto buccal root canals confirmed with the aid of conventional radiographic method
Our needles in the haystack: An endodontist’s review and case reports
Get PDFDuring root canal preparation procedures, the potential for instrument breakage is always present. This review focuses on basic principles involved in separated instrument retrieval, factors on which successful retrieval of the separated instrument depends on and various treatment options available for the same. A decision-making flowchart for the techniques to be used in the management of intracanal separated instruments is presented. Prognostic factors depending on the phase (that of chemo-mechanical preparation) of separation and pre-operative status of pulp are discussed. Few case reports that document cases with instrument separation that were successfully treated in our department are also presented
Aviation dentistry: New horizon, new challenge
Get PDFAfter the innovations in aviation at the beginning of the 20th century, many in-flight pathologic and physiologic conditions were reported. Changing atmospheric pressure, especially if it is rapid, can cause discomfort and damage to the oral cavities and maxillofacial areas unless the pressure within these cavities containing gas is able to equilibrate with the external air pressure. Out of these conditions - barodontalgia (pain due to gas entrapment) and barotrauma (pressure induced tooth fracture, restoration and tooth fracture) was most frequently seen to occur. Due to partial pressurization of aeroplanes’ cabins and improvement in dental techniques and oral health awareness, prevalence of flight-related oral manifestations has declined. It is important for the dental practitioners to be familiar with these facts and not to neglect dental education with respect to aviation. Aircrew patients as well as air passengers often make it challenging for the dentist to treat several flight-related conditions. Correct diagnosis should be made before these conditions lead to serious complications. With thorough practice and experience, the aircrew are now able to avoid, or treat, these pressure related problem