International Journal of Contemporary Dental and Medical Reviews
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The impact of qat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing frequency on status of chronic periodontitis
Get PDFBackground: Chronic periodontitis occurs due to the reaction between bacterial components of dental plaque and the humoral and cellular host immune productions, such as cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of qat (Catha edulis Forsk) chewing frequency on the status of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for this study and they were divided on the basis of qat chewing habits frequency into three equal groups, i.e., non qat chewing group (control group), qat chewing once daily and qat chewing twice daily. Plaque index (PLI), gingival index (GI), and Clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. Gingival biopsies were obtained from selected site for assessing histopathological changes. The data were collect and analyzed by ANOVA test. Results: There were significant differences in PLI, GI, and CAL between qat chewing patients groups compared to non qat chewing patients group (control group). Histopathological study showed increased inflammatory cells in qat chewing patients groups compared to non chewing patients group. Conclusion: There was increased severity of chronic periodontitis with increased frequency of qat chewing habit daily there is a significance differences in clinical and histopathological findings between the patients in Group II and Group III (study groups) compared to Group I (control group). Clinical Significance: The current study reveal that the severity of chronic periodontitis may be increased with increased qat chewing frequency due to its traumatic effect on periodontal tissues
Effects of green tea and its products on dental caries and periodontal diseases : A review
Get PDFGreen tea is a popular health drink routinely consumed by many people. Green tea is derived from the dried leaves of the plant Camellia sinensis. Green tea is usually available in the form of beverage, mouthwash containing extract of green tea, and as a chewing gum. Intake of green tea polyphenols has shown preventive eff ect against cancer and cardiovascular disease in experimental and epidemiologic studies. Green tea with its active chemical ingredients possesses diverse pharmacological properties that include anti-infl ammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. It has been suggested that green tea promotes periodontal health by reducing infl ammation, preventing bone resorption, and limiting the growth of certain bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic disease of the supporting structures of teeth, which can destroy periodontal structures and result in tooth loss. The possible protective properties of green tea on oral health are related to the existence of fl uoride, catechin, and polyphenols in its content. Polyphenols are the most common antioxidants in foodstuff s, which have an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Regarding the existing articles about polyphenols, it appears consumption of polyphenol-containing products may be effective in plaque control and prevention of periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is suggested that the results of in vitro studies be assessed by clinical trials. In vitro studies have shown that green tea polyphenols inhibit the growth and cellular adherence of periodontal pathogens, and their production of virulence factors. Green tea products might have an eff ective role in oral health by decreasing the incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease. Measures, which were used in periodontal studies, were more valuable clinically. The evaluation of the eff ect of green tea products on dental caries needs more longitudinal studies. The aim of this study is to review the eff ect of green tea in dental caries and periodontal diseases
Biologic characteristics of platelet rich plasma and platelet rich fibrin : A review
Get PDFThe recent development of platelet concentrate for surgical use is an evolution of the fibrin glue technologies used since many years. Fibrin is a biologic glue that compact platelet clusters during coagulation process fibrin glues are biologic products that their local application has been used to decrease bleeding and accelerate tissue healing in the past three decades. Fibrin glue prepared based on a natural biologic mechanism (polymerization of fibrin during homeostasis) that reinforced by an artificial way. However, they were ever criticized because were blood derived products and had a high risk of viral infection the production of these products is based on the mixture of two plasma components including fibrinogen and thrombin. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a fibrin matrix in which platelet cytokines, growth factors, and cells are trapped and may be released after a certain time. Choukroun et al. used platelet rich fibrin (PRF) protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgery to improve bone healing. Autologous PRF is considered to be a healing biomaterial, and presently, studies have shown its application in various disciplines of dentistry. PRF is the second generation of platelet concentrates which allows fibrin membranes to get enriched with platelets and growth factors, starting from an anticoagulant free blood harvest. PRF is similar to a fibrin network that allows cell migration and proliferation, and consequently, a more efficient cicatrization. Many growth factors, such as platelet-derived growth factor and transforming growth factor, are released from PRF. One of the major differences between PRF and PRP is the different polymerization that is responsible for the different biologic properties. PRF released autologous growth factors gradually and expressed stronger and more durable effect on proliferation and differentiation, which means that PRF could stimulate the surrounding environment to a more rapid wound healing. This review aims to evaluate the effect of biologic characteristics of fibrin glues, PRP, and PRF
Biological reactions to different dental implant surface treatments
Get PDFThe treatment of dental implants that increases surface area and roughness enhances bone-to-implant contact ratio; thus, facilitates the immediate loading of dental implants and fastens the osseointegration process. Structural and functional union of the implant with living bone is strongly influenced by the surface properties of the titanium (Ti) implants. As Ti and its alloys cannot directly bond with living bone, modification of implant surface has been introduced to enhance osseointegration. The biological effect of different methods of surface treatment has been studied in vivo and in vitro experiments. This review outlines the biological aspects and the use of certain surface modifications to control bone-to-implant biological response. In this review, we tried to cover a large number of reported studies related to implant surface treatments. Many of these treatments have been tried in the clinic and showed satisfactory results; therefore, specific recommendation regarding the best biocompatible implant surface treatment was hard to conclud
Evaluation of the relationship between disability and pain severity with anxiety and depression in chronic low back pain patient: Research and review
Get PDFBackground: Chronic disabling physical and mental symptoms contribute to substantial health-care costs and reduced human productivity. Low back pain (LBP) and depression are leading causes of years lived with disability in every country. Almost half of chronic LBP individuals have comorbid depression and anxiety conditions with a higher risk in female gender. This is a very common comorbidity, and the psychological comorbidities have a negative impact on chronicity of LBP symptoms. Psychological distress and depressed mood have been reported to be correlated with chronicity and persisting disability of chronic LBP. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation of pain and disability and associated factors in a subgroup of depressed and anxious individual with chronic LBP (CLBP). Materials and Methods: A total of 74 CLBP participants in a university pain clinic with depression or anxiety diagnosis were enrolled. Hospital anxiety depression scale (HADS) for depression and anxiety, visual analog scale for pain severity, and Oswestry disability index were recorded for disability evaluation. Correlation and regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of different factors on disability and depression. Results: Around 49 women and 25 men participated in this study. Duration of CLBP was 12.97 ± 9.27, and scores of depression and anxiety were 14.24 ± 3.41 and 12.95 ± 2.74, respectively. Disability and pain severity was 32.62 ± 9.9 and 5.67 ± 1.34, respectively. There was a significant relationship between disability and other scores. Pain and depression had a signifi cant correlation with disability, and the eff ect of depression (β = 0.357) on disability was more than pain (β = 0.331). Conclusion: Due to our results, there is a signifi cant relationship between psychiatric (depression and anxiety) and clinical factors (disability and pain) in patients with CLBP. The score of disability was higher than pain intensity and depression was the most important predictor factor of disability which must be recognized and treated in CLBP patients. Our results support that depression can predict disability and to some extend pain severity in CLBP patients
Cone beam-computed tomography applications in endodontics : A review
Get PDFAdministering complicated endodontics treatments call for considerable operational accuracy as well as accurate tools and imaging. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate cone beam-computed tomography (CBCT) functionality as a high resolution imaging technique in endodontics. In this review study, articles were sought at authorized e-sources including Google scholar, Chochrane, Science Citation Index, Medline, Iran Medex, and Scopus. These articles were compiled using keywords such as CBCT imaging, endodontics, vertical root fracture, and periapical lesion. Reviewing the articles, we have seen that CBCT could be used for a diagnosis of periapical lesions and its healing process, tooth morphology and its complications, such as sub canal and canal curvature, traumatic injury, inside and outside view of the tooth, root resorption defections, fracture lines, perforation, broken tools, UR fillings, calcified canal, root proximity, and pre-operation evaluation, that the conventional radiography is unable to perform. Since the CBCT suggests great accuracy and sensitivity, in the case that we could overcome the limitations (especially high demand), it can progress to the extent that in some occasions it can be used as the first dental imaging method
Bone augmentation using autogenous block grafts and particulate bovine bone in the severe atrophic ridges : Case Reviews
Get PDFImplant surgeon should take advantage of advances in instrumentation and grafting biomaterials to augment the deficient ridges. Biotechnology has greatly improved our ability to predict and reconstruct osseous defects. In addition to present specific bone grafting techniques used to restore hard tissue volume defects at the sites, the volume of augmentation defines the procedure. Significant amounts of autogenous bone can be procured from symphysis or ramus region of the mandible. The cortical grafts of this area provide predictable increase in bone volume with a short healing time and yield a highly dense osseous architecture for implant placement. This review discusses the use of autogenous block grafts and bovine bone allograft for predictable bone augmentation in atrophic ridges
Intraoral and extraoral autologous bone block graft techniques: A review of the recent literature
Get PDFThe bone block grafting is a technique that has been used for many years for the implant treatment and rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients. This type of graft can be autologous (taken from another individual of the same species), heterologous (taken from an individual of a diff erent species), or synthetic (using artificial materials). Considering the osteogenetic, osteoinductive, and osteoconduction properties, the best technique is still considered the autograft, which can be intraoral or extraoral. The purpose of this work is to review the diff erent bone harvesting techniques, both intraoral and extraoral, most commonly used in recent years