International Journal of Contemporary Dental and Medical Reviews
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A Review on the Applications of Tissue Engineering in Branches of Dentistry
Get PDFBackground: The major focus of dentistry has been primarily on the modification and improvement of synthetic material properties, but the emergence of dental tissue engineering has led to an evolution in the framework of the main products, such as restorative materials and implants. Aim: The aim of the present study is to assess the applications of tissue engineering in different fields of dentistry. To this end, a review was made on articles, which are available in Medline using keywords, such as dental stem cell, teeth tissue engineering, regenerative dentistry, oral surgery, periodontal regeneration, and regenerative endodontics. Papers were mostly searched from 2000 onward. Conclusion: According to the results, we could predict that although there are serious problems in dental tissue engineering, this technique could gain numerous applications in dentistry, sooner, or later. Clinical Significance: By embracing such a modern technology, the biomaterials science would undoubtedly face a dramatic historical transition
The composition, function and role of saliva in maintaining oral health: A review
Get PDFSaliva is certainly one of the most important components in the oral environment and an integral component to oral health. The components of saliva, its functions in maintaining oral health and the main factors that cause alterations in salivary secretion will be reviewed, the importance of saliva in caries development and bacterial plaque formation will be discussed, and its role as an aid to diagnosing certain pathologies will also be discussed here. Saliva aids in maintaining mucosal integrity and in digestion through salivary enzymes. Saliva is essential information of the pellicle, which protects the tooth after eruption. Saliva has several oral benefits including buffering, remineralization, and lubrication. Consider the acid attack on the teeth after a cariogenic episode, saliva aids in mechanically removing food debris and bacteria from the oral cavity and teeth, reduced salivary flow causes ill effects to the oral tissues
Feasibility of fractal analysis for detecting primary bone changes in chronic periodontitis
Get PDFBackground: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the supporting tissues of teeth. Although several clinical and radiographic symptoms have been employed to detect periodontitis; however, no scheme has yet been introduced for the detection of gingivitis-to-periodontitis transition phase. Fractal analysis, as a mathematical tool to explore morphological features, has efficiently been used to investigate the complex structural pattern of alveolar bone texture. Aim: In this study, fractal analysis is examined for its feasibility to efficiently detect trabecular structure of interdental bone for individuals with healthy gums from patients with moderate periodontitis using digital images. Materials and Methods: Patients are divided into two groups of healthy individuals (H-group) and patients with moderate periodontitis (MP-group) (20 individuals in each sample group). Clinical indices involving pocket depth, attachment loss, and bleeding on probing, digital radiographic periapical images of posterior mandibles region are provided using phosphor plate system, and two rectangular regions out of interdental zone of mandibles molars are selected as regions of interest for each individual. The use of box-counting algorithm of image J software, fractal dimensions (FD) for both regions are then calculated, out of which the mean FD index is obtained for each patient. Clinical and FD indices are finally compared for both groups through a t-test examination. Results: Clinical indices for H-group are noticeably higher than those of MP-group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean FD for H- and MP- groups is 0.84 and 1.02, respectively. Statistical analysis proves a significant difference between the two groups for this index. Conclusion: Fractal analysis can efficiently quantify changes in trabecular pattern of bones, implying that temporal variation of such index may effectively demonstrate disease progression. The proposed scheme can be effective to detect and monitor variations due to periodontitis. Clinical Significance: Fractal analysis is a non-invasive method for early detection of moderate periodontitis.
A toxin not toxic? Botox in dentistry and a factual evaluation of its merits and demerits
Get PDFBackground: Botulinum toxin has been known to humankind for ages but has not been gaining enough popularity until recent times. Initially, it was known to be nothing but threatening to its host, but through time, it has evolved and changed ones perception toward it by a breakthrough in medicine signifying some of the types of the known forms of toxin to be valuable assets. Although now very regularly used by people, it is most commonly known for its cosmetic value, little is the value for its clinical essence. Aim: The aim of this article is to throw light on the therapeutic aspect of this toxin and how if carefully used can result as a boon or ban subjective to case selection and individual variation post-close filtering by the clinician. Conclusion: This article will help one see this material through a new aspect, and it will give a perspective of its positive future usage but with great care attached to the thought of it being nonetheless a toxin if not handled rightly. Clinical Significance: The mention of its use for temporomandibular joint pain, bruxism, sialorrhea, and a host of other conditions from a more palliative and surgically adjunct nature through previous reports by various clinicians worldwide helps one think in the lines of its usage in the therapeutic aspect but also alerted to be used in caution
Implant applications for children
Get PDFBackground: Trauma and hypodontia are two most prevalent congenital dental abnormalities in children. A common treatment for them is the use of removable prosthesis, but this method may increase the residual alveolar bone resorption, periodontal problems, and secondary caries. Aim: The aim of the present article is to review the skeleton and dental growth trend and its effect on the application of implant and present guidelines based on related articles and books for prescription and nonprescription of implant. This paper is carried out by reviewing the data in Google Scholar, Pubmed, Embase, Blackwell Synergy, and Science Direct. Conclusion: Implants could protect the residual bone, increase retention, enhance the stability, beauty, and chewing power and improve the life quality in general. Clinical Significance: Due to bone integration and undesirable effects on maxillary and mandibular skeletal growth and subsequent tooth eruption, use of implant in growing patients arouses some concern
Relationship and changes of primary and secondary stability in Dental Implants : A Review
Get PDFBackground: The most important criteria for a successful implant are obtaining and securing the stability of the implant. Various implant systems reach different levels of stability depending on their designs and their arrangement in the bone. Clinical findings suggest that stability of the implant is largely responsible for the success of the implant treatment. Implant stability is categorized into two phases: Initial stability (which is a mechanical phenomenon) and secondary stability (which is a biological phenomenon created by osteointegration). Aim: This paper scrutinizes and critically compares the results of different studies on the changes in stability and the correlation between initial and secondary stability. While most studies suggest a correlation between bone density and implant stability, some researches suggest the opposite. These discrepancies in results are most likely because of the differences in the methods used in these studies. For instance, the method of assessing bone quality is different across these studies. The term “bone quality” is not usually well-explained in papers. Moreover, the aforementioned studies have adopted different methods for measuring initial stability. In addition, the inconsistent results of these studies could be the result of using different tools. It was conventionally believed that the stability of the implant increases during the healing process. Conclusion: Recent studies suggest that implant stability during the healing process only increases for implants with low initial stabilities. Clinical Significance: Loss of stability during the healing can be observed in implants with high initial stabilities
Radiation prosthesis: A review
Get PDFRadiation has been used for the treatment of various head and neck tumors. Sadly, this treatment causes complications by increasing the mortality of the neighboring tissues. In radiation of the oral cavity and the paranasal sinuses tumors, the level of which the tissues are included in the radiation treatment portals will determine the gravity of the oral unease during treatment. Affecting the nutritional status of the patients and may finally affect the total dose of radiation which the patients can receive for the treatment. The adverse tissue reactions are discomforting and also lowers the life’s quality, mostly dispiriting the patient from undergoing therapy. Radiation prostheses can prevent the unnecessary irradiation of the surrounding normal tissues, therefore reducing the severity of reactions. Since the use of these stents is personalized, close association between the radiotherapist and prosthodontist is essential. This article aims at presenting the various prostheses that can be used by the oral cancer patients to receive better treatment and reduce post radiation difficulties
Search of antilactate dehydrogenase - A molecules - A promising anticancer agent
Get PDFThe aim of this commentary is to summarize some of the recent articles on biology of human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDH-A) in normal and cancer cells that support the anticancer therapeutic approach based on hLDH-5 inhibition. Up till now, no suitable drug is known that selectively inhibits hLDH-A and can be used for tumor therapies in the clinics throughout the world. This review thus encourages the academic institutions and pharmaceutical industries in search of specifi c inhibitors for hLDH-
Role of oral foci in systemic diseases: An update
Get PDFBackground: A current research disagreement middles about a theorized connection between chronic oral infections and the progress of adverse systemic health conditions. However, the gap between general and dental medicine is quickly closing, due to significant findings supporting the association between dental infections and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, stroke, adverse pregnancy outcomes, osteoporosis, renal diseases, and gastrointestinal diseases. Relentless efforts have brought light on numerous advances in illuminating their etiopathological links. However, the majority of data about possible role or interlink between the infection and systemic disease is available in the form of case report or summary. As case reports are not the acceptable to many indexed scientific magazines, many these findings undergo unnoticed to researchers. The currently minimal accessible data provide only an indication of the actuality. Aim: This article highlights the Role of oral foci in systemic diseases. Conclusion: There is need of sincere work efforts on genetic relatedness of organisms, rather than their phenotypes, sophisticated sampling, detection, and analytical techniques to create the associations. To give insight to recent apprises of different systemic diseases as a consequence of primary oral infections and the pathogenesis link. The odontogenic bacteremia is likely to cause systemic and end organ infections, but such infections can easily resist by body defenses. It is important that role of good oral health and the risks associated with poor oral health should told to the individuals. Clinical significance: Dentists and medical practitioners should work together to provide comprehensive health care, thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with oral infections
