UniURB Open Journals (Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo)
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Il disagio della dialettica. Gramsci, il nazionale-popolare e la critica operaista
Get PDFThis essay examines the Gramscian concept of the national-popular, highlighting its central role within the philosophy of praxis as both a cultural and political category. Far from being a merely literary notion, the national-popular is shown to be integral to the formation of a revolutionary subject and to the dialectical overcoming of the historical divide between people and nation, a separation reinforced by post-unification bourgeois hegemony in Italy. Through a critical engagement with the theoretical trajectories of Italian workerism and post-workerism—especially the writings of Mario Tronti and Toni Negri—the essay contrasts the Gramscian emphasis on mediation, hegemony, and cultural struggle with a vision of antagonism rooted in immediacy and spontaneity. These post-Hegelian and anti-dialectical positions, it is argued, ultimately reflect key features of neoliberal ideology, despite their claims to radicalism. By returning to Gramsci’s elaboration of the national-popular as a process of cultural elevation and political unification, the essay proposes a framework for understanding class struggle that avoids both economist and mythic conceptions of resistance. The national-popular thus emerges as a concept capable of informing contemporary emancipatory politics, grounded in the dialectical production of collective will and oriented toward the construction of a new communist civilization.Questo saggio esamina il concetto gramsciano di nazionale-popolare, evidenziandone il ruolo centrale all\u27interno della filosofia della prassi, come categoria sia culturale che politica. Lungi dall\u27essere una nozione meramente letteraria, il nazionale-popolare viene mostrato come parte integrante della formazione di un soggetto rivoluzionario e del superamento dialettico della frattura storica tra popolo e nazione, una separazione rafforzata dall\u27egemonia borghese postunitaria in Italia. Attraverso un confronto critico con le traiettorie teoriche dell\u27operaismo e del post-operaismo italiani – in particolare gli scritti di Mario Tronti e Toni Negri – il saggio contrappone l\u27enfasi gramsciana sulla mediazione, l\u27egemonia e la lotta culturale a una visione dell\u27antagonismo radicata nell\u27immediatezza e nella spontaneità. Queste posizioni post-hegeliane e anti-dialettiche, si sostiene, riflettono in ultima analisi tratti chiave dell\u27ideologia neoliberista, nonostante le loro pretese di radicalità. Riprendendo l\u27elaborazione gramsciana del nazionale-popolare come processo di elevazione culturale e unificazione politica, il saggio propone un quadro di riferimento per la comprensione della lotta di classe che evita sia le concezioni economiciste sia quelle mitiche della resistenza. Il nazional-popolare emerge così come un concetto capace di informare la politica emancipatrice contemporanea, fondata sulla produzione dialettica della volontà collettiva e orientata alla costruzione di una nuova civiltà comunista
THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN SMES: EVIDENCE FROM AN ITALIAN CASE STUDY
No full textPurpose. This study aims to investigate the digital transformation (DT) of internationalizing SMEs from an evolutionary perspective, highlighting the factors that facilitate or impede this journey.
Design/methodology/approach. This study adopts a longitudinal single-case study methodology. Primary data were collected through semi-structured interviews with top management of an Italian internationalizing SME. To ensure comprehensive analysis, primary data was augmented by secondary sources, employing triangulation techniques. Subsequently, content analysis was carried out using Nvivo 14 software.
Findings. The study identifies the enabling and hindering factors of DT. The findings highlight the enabling role of digital dynamic capabilities to succeed in different DT stages. Adopting data-driven decision-making models is crucial to reduce environmental complexity and derive actionable insights to support business strategy. In addition, the findings reveal the evolution from an efficiency-centered to a differentiation-centered approach to achieve a more structured international positioning. Organizational inertia and cybersecurity risks represent the main hindering factors an SME must cope with in the initial and mature stages of DT. Ensuring effective knowledge management mechanisms is a prominent challenge throughout the DT journey.
Practical and social implications. The study is rich in theoretical and managerial implications. Theoretically, the study contributes to the evolutionary theory of DT of SMEs. From the managerial standpoint, this research offers valuable recommendations for managers to take advantage of positive factors and limit the ongoing downsides of the DT process.
Originality of the study. This study’s originality lies in adopting an evolutionary perspective to observe the DT of SMEs. The relevance and significance of this case study are further enriched by the dense and SME-concentrated Italian landscape
PUBLIC FINANCING TO SUPPORT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ITALY
No full textPurpose. The study analyzes entrepreneurship as a key element to understanding a country\u27s economic characteristics and growth trajectory, explicitly focusing on the role of women entrepreneurs. The objective is to explore how national institutions can promote and support female entrepreneurship through financial instruments and targeted programs.
Design/methodology/approach. This qualitative study analyzes financial instruments supporting female entrepreneurship in Italy from 1992 to 2024. Analyzing public funding programs highlights the alignment—or lack thereof—between institutional objectives and actual support mechanisms. A dual perspective is adopted, comparing programs exclusively dedicated to women with general initiatives that include specific provisions for female entrepreneurship, focusing on the role of Invitalia SpA.
Findings. The study highlights the importance of public financial tools in supporting women entrepreneurs. The analysis of calls for proposals and regulatory provisions offers a systematic overview of existing opportunities, contributing to identifying new development possibilities for female entrepreneurship. This analysis compares exclusive programs with general programs featuring dedicated components for women.
Practical and Social Implications. Practical implications include mapping financing opportunities and providing valuable recommendations for public and private entities to promote female entrepreneurship.
Originality of the study. This study contributes to the literature on female entrepreneurship by combining an analysis of financing policies with an operational perspective on regulatory guidelines. Its originality lies in its in-depth analysis of the funding landscape for female entrepreneurs in Italy, spanning three decades (1992–2024). By systematically comparing public programs exclusively dedicated to women with general calls for proposals containing targeted components for female entrepreneurship, the research provides a dual perspective rarely addressed in the existing literature.Lo studio dell\u27imprenditorialità prevede l\u27analisi delle caratteristiche economiche e della traiettoria di crescita di un paese, coinvolgendo le donne imprenditrici da parte di istituzioni nazionali e internazionali. In questo contesto, è essenziale disporre di strumenti finanziari che aiutino le donne imprenditrici. Il documento esamina le attuali opportunità di finanziamento pubblico a sostegno delle imprese femminili a livello nazionale, analizzando, in particolare, i bandi gestiti da Invitalia S.p.A., l\u27agenzia nazionale deputata ad attrarre investimenti per la creazione e il consolidamento delle imprese. Il quadro teorico utilizza la letteratura esistente e fonti secondarie per catalogare i programmi pubblici che aiutano le imprese femminili. La metodologia utilizzata in questo studio è qualitativa. L\u27analisi si concentra sull\u27analisi delle circolari attuative come linee guida fondamentali per garantire un\u27applicazione uniforme delle disposizioni normative. La ricerca intende contribuire alla letteratura esistente e supportare gli enti pubblici nella promozione e nello sviluppodell\u27imprenditorialità femminile su tutto il territorio nazionale. Mira inoltre a fornire un punto di riferimento per identificare nuove opportunità di finanziamento per le imprese gestite da donne a livello nazionale. Il presente studio analizza i bandi gestiti da Invitalia S.p.A. per favorire la nascita di nuove imprese femminili. Le implicazioni pratiche sono cruciali perché forniscono una panoramica sistematica delle opportunità disponibili
Wallace Stevens’s Modernist Poetry in Robert Lowell Confessional Poetry: Reading and Misreading the Master
No full textThis article argues that Robert Lowell’s response to Wallace Stevens’s modernism provides grounds for the creation of his confessional poetry. Owing to the nature of this study, this article relies on Harold Bloom’s theory of influence and Mikhail Bakhtin concept of hidden polemic. This methodology highlights that while Lowell is attracted to Stevens’ urban aesthetics, he does not simply, and blindly, follow the master’s poetic principles. Unlike Stevens who seeks to create a secular poetry which he offers as a substitute for religion to fill the spiritual vacuum caused by the absence of religion, Lowell develops a viable modern Christian poetics to overcome the difficulty in defining his role as a Christian poet in a secular world and finding the proper place for religion in his work. Lowell’s new confessional poetry with its concern with the poet’s individual experience to address social and political issues also marks his departure from Stevens’ influence
“L’Oceano in calma”: Monti, Paradise Lost e l’Italia
No full textDespite the importance of Italy for Milton’s personal and intellectual formation, strong critical biases have characterized the reception of Milton in Italy between the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In the homeland of Catholicism and under the strong influence of classicism, Milton’s Paradise Lost seemed too unorthodox to meet the cultural expectations of Italian readership. Vincenzo Monti’s appreciation of Milton’s visionary imagination in his Discorso preliminare (1779) and his adaptation of Paradise Lost 7 in his poem La bellezza dell’universo (1781) are particularly worthy of notice in this context. More significantly, Monti’s first half of his poemlet nearly paraphrases Milton’s creation story through Paolo Rolli’s well-known Italian translation (1742). Monti’s indebtedness to the English epic paves the way for a new appreciation of Milton, but it does so by adapting the source text to the specificity and taste of Italian readers
Conformismo, spontaneità e direzione consapevole
Get PDFGramsci’s analyses and proposals on school and education should not be considered from a strictly pedagogical point of view but understood within the broader project of “intellectual and moral reform” that runs through the entire prison reflection passing through the “translation” of historical materialism into the “philosophy of praxis”. Therefore, a careful consideration of some key-concepts of this reflection is required. In formulating a conception that is aimed at overcoming any dichotomy between “state” and “civil society”, “public” and “private”, in order to arrive at a “regulated society” in which the “passage from the realm of necessity to the realm of freedom” preconized by the old Engels can be accomplished, Gramsci in fact reformulates with sometimes polemical audacity the meaning of terms such as “conformism”, “spontaneity”, “discipline” and “conscious direction”. In this way, he also rethinks the concept of “human nature”, which, as he could already read in the Third Thesis on Feuerbach, is defined only in a dialectical relationship between individual and environment, or, as Marx writes, between educator and educated. In order to reconstruct this conceptual galaxy, I will make use of the tools and methods of Gramscian philology developed by Gianni Francioni, trying to examine in a diachronic key the genesis, developments and interconnections of some of the Prison Notebooks fundamental categories, looking for their remote origin in the pre-prison political writings.Le analisi e le proposte di Gramsci sulla scuola e sull\u27educazione non vanno considerate da un punto di vista strettamente pedagogico, ma comprese all\u27interno del più ampio progetto di “riforma intellettuale e morale” che attraversa tutta la riflessione carceraria passando per la “traduzione” del materialismo storico in “filosofia della prassi”. Si impone quindi un\u27attenta considerazione di alcuni concetti-chiave di questa riflessione. Nel formulare una concezione volta a superare ogni dicotomia tra “Stato” e “società civile”, “pubblico” e “privato”, per approdare a una “società regolata” in cui si possa compiere il “passaggio dal regno della necessità al regno della libertà” preconizzato dal vecchio Engels, Gramsci riformula infatti con audacia talvolta polemica il significato di termini come “conformismo”, “spontaneità”, “disciplina” e “direzione consapevole”. In questo modo ripensa anche il concetto di “natura umana” che, come si poteva già leggere nella Terza Tesi su Feuerbach, si definisce solo in un rapporto dialettico tra individuo e ambiente o, come scrive Marx, tra educato ed educatore. Per ricostruire questa galassia concettuale, mi avvarrò degli strumenti e dei metodi della filologia gramsciana sviluppati da Gianni Francioni, cercando di esaminare in chiave diacronica la genesi, gli sviluppi e le interconnessioni di alcune delle categorie fondamentali dei Quaderni del carcere, cercandone l\u27origine remota negli scritti politici precedenti al carcere
On intuitionistic Q-fuzzy subalgebras/ideals/deductive systems in Hilbert algebras
No full textThis study introduces the concepts of intuitionistic Q-fuzzy subalgebras, ideals, and deductive systems in the setting of Hilbert algebras and investigates their fundamental properties and interrelations. The theoretical results are supported by concrete examples and are structured in a way that facilitates understanding of the algebraic-logical framework underlying fuzzy logic extensions. By presenting clear definitions, illustrative cases, and step-by-step reasoning, the paper serves not only as a contribution to the field of abstract algebra but also as a useful learning resource for upper secondary science students beginning to engage with research. The work encourages early exploration of mathematical structures, fosters critical and creative thinking, and promotes accessibility of advanced topics through collaboration across academic levels and institutions
The ranks of classes and nX-complementary generations of the Tits group 2F4(2)′
No full textLet G be a finite non-abelian simple group. The rank of non-trivial conjugacy class X of G, denoted by rank(G:X), is defined to be the minimal number of elements of X generating G. Also, a group G is said to be nX-complementary generated if given an arbitrary non-identity element x ∈ G then there exists an element y ∈ nX such that G = ⟨x, y⟩. In this paper we establish the ranks of all the conjugacy classes of the Tits group 2F4(2)′ and also classify all the non-trivial conjugacy classes of 2F4(2)′ whether they are complementary generators of 2F4(2)′ or not