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NEAT1 Confers Radioresistance to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Inducing PINK1/Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy
Get PDFA long noncoding RNA, nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) variant 1 (NEAT1v1), confers radioresistance to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inducing autophagy via γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP). Radiation induces oxidative stress to damage cellular components and organelles, but it remains unclear how NEAT1v1 protects HCC cells from radiation-induced oxidative stress via autophagy. To address this, we precisely investigated NEAT1v1-induced autophagy in irradiated HCC cell lines. X-ray irradiation significantly increased cellular and mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content in HCC cells while NEAT1v1 suppressed them. NEAT1v1 concomitantly induced the phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Interestingly, parkin expression was constitutively upregulated in NEAT1v1-overexpressing HCC cells, leading to increased mitochondrial parkin levels. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) was also upregulated by NEAT1v1, and GABARAP or SOD2 knockdown in NEAT1v1-overexpressing cells increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA content after irradiation. Moreover, it was suggested that SOD2 was involved in NEAT1v1-induced parkin expression, and that GABARAP promoted parkin degradation via mitophagy. This study highlights the unprecedented roles of NEAT1v1 in connecting radioresistance and mitophagy in HCC
Effect of a small curvature of the surfaces on microscale lubrication of a gas for large Knudsen numbers
Get PDFLubrication flow of a gas in a microscale gap between coaxial circular cylinders is studied on the basis of kinetic theory. The stationary inner cylinder is a Maxwell-type boundary with a nonuniform accommodation coefficient in the circumferential direction, and the outer cylinder is a diffuse reflection boundary rotating at a constant speed. The dimensionless curvature, defined as the gap size divided by the radius of the inner cylinder, is small, and the Knudsen number based on the gap size is arbitrary. The Boltzmann equation is studied analytically using the slowly varying approximation, with special attention being paid to the characteristics of the equation. Two macroscopic lubrication models of the Reynolds-type equations are derived: one consisting of the solutions for plane Couette and Poiseuille flows (plane lubrication model), and the other consisting of cylindrical Couette flow and a curved Poiseuille flow (improved lubrication model). For an assessment of the models, a direct numerical analysis of the flow is also conducted for the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook-Welander kinetic equation using a hybrid finite-difference method. It is demonstrated that the use of the plane lubrication model leads to a non-negligible error when the Knudsen number is sufficiently large. This error is caused by neglect of the fact that the number of molecules arriving from the outer cylinder is greater than that from the inner one by an amount proportional to the square root of the dimensionless curvature. It is also demonstrated that the improved lubrication model provides an excellent approximation to the direct numerical solution over the whole range of the Knudsen number
Antimicrobial activity of octan-3-one released from spent mushroom substrate of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and its inhibitory effects on plant diseases
Get PDFVolatiles released from the spent mushroom substrate (SMS) of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) are known to be effective for suppressing the Alternaria sooty spot disease of cabbage that is caused by Alternaria brassicicola. We analyzed a volatile compound released from shiitake SMS by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and identified octan-3-one as a major volatile compound. Octan-3-one exerted an antimicrobial activity on a wide range of fungal and bacterial plant pathogens, and it inhibited Alternaria sooty spot of cabbage and gray mold of tomato. Octan-3-one was observed to be a fungistatic compound as after its removal, spores of A. brassicicola initiated germination. Octan-3-one is already known as an important flavor compound in mushrooms and is considered to have relatively low toxicity; our findings indicate that it may thus be useful for protecting crops from fungal and bacterial diseases in closed spaces such as greenhouses, crop storage rooms, and shipping containers
Study on Strength Evaluation for Agricultural Pipeline by Internal Loading Method : Evaluation of Mechanical Behavior of Buried Pipe Loaded Locally from Inner Surface
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Thrombin induces a temporal biphasic vascular response through the differential phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase via protease-activated receptor-1 and protein kinase C
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