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Estimation of postcardiac arrest interval based on atrial cavity density in postmortem computed tomography
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Studies on the hard mast dependence of wild boars (Sus scrofa) inhabiting the evergreen forests and their defensive responses to tannins
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Investigation of the subcellular localization-dependent anti- or pro-tumor functions of maspin in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line
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Hyperthyroidism in Graves disease causes sleep disorders related to sympathetic hypertonia
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The process by which mothers of children with special healthcare needs evolve their connections with the community
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Independent bilateral-eye stimulation for gaze pattern recognition based on steady-state pupil light reflex
Get PDFObjective: recently, pupil oscillations synchronized with steady visual stimuli were used as input for an interface. The proposed system, inspired by a brain-computer interface based on steady-state visual evoked potentials, does not require contact with the participant. However, the pupil oscillation mechanism limits the stimulus frequency to 2.5 Hz or less, making it hard to enhance the information transfer rate (ITR). Approach: here, we compared multiple conditions for stimulation to increase the ITR of the pupil vibration-based interface, which were called monocular-single, monocular-superposed, and binocular-independent conditions. The binocular-independent condition stimulates each eye at different frequencies respectively and mixes them by using the visual stereoscopic perception of users. The monocular-superposed condition stimulates both eyes by a mixed signal of two different frequencies. We selected the shape of the stimulation signal, evaluated the amount of spectral leakage in the monocular-superposed and binocular-independent conditions, and compared the power spectrum density at the stimulation frequency. Moreover, 5, 10, and 15 patterns of stimuli were classified in each condition. Main results: a square wave, which causes an efficient pupil response, was used as the stimulus. Spectral leakage at the beat frequency was higher in the monocular-superposed condition than in the binocular-independent one. The power spectral density of stimulus frequencies was greatest in the monocular-single condition. Finally, we could classify the 15-stimulus pattern, with ITRs of 14.4 (binocular-independent, using five frequencies), 14.5 (monocular-superimposed, using five frequencies), and 23.7 bits min−1 (monocular-single, using 15 frequencies). There were no significant differences for the binocular-independent and monocular-superposed conditions. Significance: this paper shows a way to increase the number of stimuli that can be simultaneously displayed without decreasing ITR, even when only a small number of frequencies are available. This could lead to the provision of an interface based on pupil oscillation to a wider range of users
Evaluation of the age dependent variation of wood properties based on the eigenvalue distribution of near infrared spectral matrices
Get PDFThe age-dependent variation in wood properties is a very complex phenomenon because its pattern is highly dependent on tree species and wood traits. In this study, we evaluated the variation of multiple traits inclusively based on the distribution of eigenvalues calculated from the near-infrared spectral matrix at each cambial age. The experiments were conducted on four tree species with characteristic xylem structures, aiming to clarify the intrinsic behaviour of tree aging independent of tree species. The eigenvalues diffused with age in any species, such as in Dyson's Brownian motion. The gradual increase in the first eigenvalue, which is equivalent to the Helmholtz free energy, indicates that trees form a more ordered wood with age. As all the variations induced by various wood properties during the process of tree growth were aggregated into the set of eigenvalues, the Fokker-Planck equation representing the variation of eigenvalue distribution might provide a conclusive answer for the determination of demarcation between juvenile and mature wood. The age dependency of Shannon entropy and density matrix calculated from the probability associated with each energy eigenstate provided us with knowledge from the perspective of randomness; namely, tree aging from the perspective of the variation of wood properties was clearly an irreversible process. This result offers an important clue for sustainable forest management and the use of wood resources. The proposed method does not depend on a specific coordinate, thus, it will work well using data other than the near infrared spectrum
Effectiveness of nurse-delivered screening and brief alcohol intervention in the workplace : A randomized controlled trial at five Japan-based companies
Get PDFBackground, Excessive alcohol use is a leading cause of global morbidity and premature mortality. This study evaluated the effectiveness of two types of nurse-delivered interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption among screened participants using the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in the workplace. Methods, A randomized controlled trial involving AUDIT-positive employees of five Japan-based companies was conducted. A total of 351 participants were randomized into groups that received a patient information leaflet (PIL), 5 min of brief advice, or 15 min of brief advice and counseling. Outcomes (weekly alcohol consumption and drinking and binge drinking frequency in the previous 30 days) were evaluated at 6 and 12-month follow-up. Results, The follow-up rates were 96.3% (n = 338) and 94.9% (n = 333) at 6 and 12 months, respectively. At 6 months, the mean change in weekly alcohol consumption was −38.1 g (−1.64 US fluid oz/week) in the 15-min brief advice and counseling group, which differed significantly from the PIL group. The reduction in the advice and counseling group persisted at 12-month follow-up but was no longer significantly different from the PIL group. There was no significant change in alcohol consumption observed in the 5-min brief advice group. Improvement in drinking and binge drinking frequency was observed in all three groups. Conclusions, Nurse-delivered 15-min brief advice and counseling was effective over a 6-month period in reducing alcohol consumption in a workplace setting. This finding suggests that the implementation of workplace screening and brief intervention could play a useful role in preventing the burden of harmful alcohol use