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Synthesis and structural characterization of rare-earth iron garnet: (Sm, Gd)3Fe4.9Al0.1O12
No full textIn this work, we synthesized and characterized structurally the rare earth iron garnets R3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 (R = Sm, Gd) by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman microscopy, and magnetization. The samples were synthesized using the co-precipitation synthesis method and calcined at a temperature between 500 and 900 °C stepwise 100 °C. Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 powder samples were indexed with a garnet cubic structure belonging to the Ia3?d space group. Structural analyzes indicate that the inclusion of Al instead of Fe slightly decreases the temperature of magnetic ordering. Crystallite sizes calculated from Scherrer's equation and Williamson-Hall method from XDR were 118 nm and 103 nm for Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 respectively. The SEM analysis results revealed that the particles were formed with average sizes of 469 nm to Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and 295 nm to Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12, both samples present grains with homogeneous morphology and heterogeneous size. Raman spectroscopy shows the presence of vibrational modes at room temperature of the symmetry to the garnet structure, as well as, the evolution of one mode with the temperature near the Néel temperature (TN), which is interpreted due to spin-phonon coupling in both samples. Magnetization measurements confirm that the compounds display a ferrimagnetic order with a TN at 552.0 K to Sm3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 and 547.0 K to Gd3Fe4.9Al0.1O12 which is slightly smaller than TN from undoped ferrites garnets. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Reporte de la Encuesta Nacional de Innovación (2012-2015-2018): esfuerzos y resultados de la pequeña, mediana y gran empresa
No full textMuestra los esfuerzos y resultados de las empresas innovadoras del Perú en función a sus actividades de innovación reportadas en la Encuesta Nacional de Innovación en la Industria Manufacturera – ENIIM y, ejecutada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI) en los años 2012, 2015 y 2018
Análisis y caracterización de los sectores priorizados por CONCYTEC: a través de una metodología de benchmarking
No full textResponde a la necesidad de analizar y caracterizar los sectores priorizados por CONCYTEC a través de una metodología de benchmarking que permite estimar la brecha en inversión de I+D+i (Investigación más desarrollo más innovación). Asimismo, el cálculo de la brecha incluye una comparación de Perú con países de similares características y estructuras productivas como Chile, y un país desarrollado como Australia
Native fruits of peru as a potential source of nutrients, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in the nutritional requirements of vulnerable groups
No full textThe authors thank the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) of Lima, Peru, for the support provided and the Graduate School of the National University Federico Villarreal for the facilities provided for the completion of this study.The Andean region has a great variety of native species, which can satisfy a large part of the daily nutritional requirements, necessary for vulnerable populations, due to their high nutrient content. In this work, the physicochemical characterization of three types of native fruits from the Andean region of Peru was carried out: Aguaymanto (Physalis peruviana), yellow pitahaya (Selenericeus megalanthus) and Quito (Solanum quitoense), the potential of nutrients, the bioactive compounds, antioxidant capacity and was compared with the nutritional requirement of vulnerable groups (older adults, pregnant mothers and lactating mothers). For each vulnerable group, the average contribution of the fruits and the theoretical average contribution of a five-day diet were contrasted with the IDR10, which represents 10 % of the total requirement of the Dietary Reference Intake (IDR) considering that the consumption of the fruit represents 10 % of the total food intake per day. To test the hypothesis, a global index was determined as a function of desirability, determined from the geometric mean of the indices of physical-chemical, nutritional, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of the studied fruits. The non-parametric statistical method of Kruskal Wallis was used with a significant level of 5 %, significantly verifying (p≤ 0.05) that the content of the components of the native fruits represent a potential source of nutrients, bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity in the nutritional requirements of vulnerable groups.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
PerúCRIS en el marco del desarrollo de sistemas CRIS de ámbito nacional
No full textMuestra los diversos sistemas CRIS nacionales y regionales listados en el directorio DRIS de euroCRIS y resume algunas de las características más frecuentes de esta clase de sistemas. Éstas suelen incluir directrices comprensivas para el intercambio de información de investigación con las instituciones proveedoras de datos, funcionalidad específica en las áreas de la evaluación científica y los indicadores derivados del análisis de datos, así como mecanismos para describir el panorama de la implantación de la ciencia abierta en un país o región concretos. Se espera que toda esta funcionalidad pueda servir de inspiración en el proceso de diseño e implantación de la plataforma nacional PerúCRIS
A methodology for managing public spaces to increase access to essential goods and services by vulnerable populations during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe authors would like to acknowledge CONCYTEC's and FONDECYT's contribution to the development of this paper by providing crucial financial support under grant number E067-2020-02 (with registry number 72354). Bronfman gratefully acknowledges the support by the Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), ANID/FONDAP/15110017.Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a spatial decision support system (SDSS) to be used by the local authorities of a city in the planning and response phase of a disaster. The SDSS focuses on the management of public spaces as a resource to increase a vulnerable population’s accessibility to essential goods and services. Using a web-based platform, the SDSS would support data-driven decisions, especially for cases such as the COVID-19 pandemic which requires special care in quarantine situations (which imply walking access instead of by other means of transport). Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposes a methodology to create a web-SDSS to manage public spaces in the planning and response phase of a disaster to increase the access to essential goods and services. Using a regular polygon grid, a city is partitioned into spatial units that aggregate spatial data from open and proprietary sources. The polygon grid is then used to compute accessibility, vulnerability and population density indicators using spatial analysis. Finally, a facility location problem is formulated and solved to provide decision-makers with an adaptive selection of public spaces given their indicators of choice. Findings: The design and implementation of the methodology resulted in a granular representation of the city of Lima, Peru, in terms of population density, accessibility and vulnerability. Using these indicators, the SDSS was deployed as a web application that allowed decision-makers to explore different solutions to a facility location model within their districts, as well as visualizing the indicators computed for the hexagons that covered the district’s area. By performing tests with different local authorities, improvements were suggested to support a more general set of decisions and the key indicators to use in the SDSS were determined. Originality/value: This paper, following the literature gap, is the first of its kind that presents an SDSS focused on increasing access to essential goods and services using public spaces and has had a successful response from local authorities with different backgrounds regarding the integration into their decision-making process. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
A Multiplex and Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Sensitive and Rapid Detection of Novel SARS-CoV-2
No full textThis work was supported by the CONCYTEC-FONDECYT Program of Proyectos Especiales: Respuesta al COVID-19 2020-01-01 [grant number 034-2020-FONDECYT] and the National Institute of Health of Peru.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major threat to public health. Rapid molecular testing for convenient and timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections represents a challenge that could help to control the current pandemic and prevent future outbreaks. We aimed to develop and validate a multiplex and colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay using lyophilized LAMP reagents for sensitive and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. LAMP primers were designed for a set of gene targets identified by a genome-wide comparison of viruses. Primer sets that showed optimal features were combined into a multiplex RT-LAMP assay. Analytical validation included assessment of the limit of detection (LoD), intra- and inter-assay precision, and cross-reaction with other respiratory pathogens. Clinical performance compared to that of real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was assessed using 278 clinical RNA samples isolated from swabs collected from individuals tested for COVID-19. The RT-LAMP assay targeting the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), membrane (M), and ORF1ab genes achieved a comparable LoD (0.65 PFU/mL, CT=34.12) to RT-qPCR and was 10-fold more sensitive than RT-qPCR at detecting viral RNA in clinical samples. Cross-reactivity to other respiratory pathogens was not observed. The multiplex RT-LAMP assay demonstrated a strong robustness and acceptable intra- and inter-assay precision (mean coefficient of variation, 4.75% and 8.30%). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were 100.0% (95% CI: 97.4–100.0%) and 98.6% (95% CI: 94.9–99.8%), respectively, showing high consistency (Cohen’s kappa, 0.986; 95% CI: 0.966–1.000; p<0.0001) compared to RT-qPCR. The novel one-step multiplex RT-LAMP assay is storable at room temperature and showed similar diagnostic accuracy to conventional RT-qPCR, while being faster (<45 min), simpler, and cheaper. The new assay could allow reliable and early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in primary health care. It may aid large-scale testing in resource-limited settings, especially if it is integrated into a point-of-care diagnostic device. © Copyright © 2021 Juscamayta-López, Valdivia, Horna, Tarazona, Linares, Rojas and Huaringa.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Abnormal Pulmonary Sounds Classification Algorithm using Convolutional Networks
No full textWe want to thank the Image Processing Research Laboratory. (INTI-Lab) and the Universidad de Ciencias y Humanidades. (UCH) for their support in this research, the National Fund for. Scientific, Technological and Technological Innovation (FONDECYT), according to the research: ?SAMAYCOV: ?Desarrollo de un dispositivo electr?nico port?til a bajo costo para evaluar riesgo de neumon?a basado en sonido pulmonar anormal en pacientes con sospecha de COVID-19 en zonas vulnerables?. CONVENIO 054-2020-FONDECYT?; for the financing of this research and the Electronics Laboratory of the UCH for assigning us their facilities and being able to carry out the respective tests.In the world and in Peru, Acute Respiratory Infections are the main cause of death, especially in the most vulnerable population, children under 5 years of age and older adults. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death of children in the world. 60.2% of pneumonia cases affect children under 5 years of age. Thus, prevention and timely treatment of lung diseases are crucial to reduce infant mortality in Peru. Among the main problems associated with this high is percentage the lack of medical professionals and resources, especially in remote areas, such as Puno, Huancavelica and Arequipa, which experience temperatures as low as -20°C during the cold season. This study develops an algorithm based on computational neural networks to differentiate between normal and abnormal lung sounds. The initial base of 917 sounds was used, through a process of data augmentation, this base was increased to 8253 sounds in total, and this process was carried out due to the need of a large number of data for the use of computational neural networks. From each signal, features were extracted using three methods: MFCC, Melspectogram and STFT. Three models were generated, the first one to classify normal and abnormal, which obtained a training Accuracy of 1 and a testing accuracy of 0.998. The second one classifies normal sound, pneumonia and other abnormalities and obtained training Accuracy values of 0.9959 and a testing accuracy of 0.9885. Finally, we classified by specific ailment where we obtained a training Accuracy of 0.9967 and a testing accuracy of 0.9909. This research provides interesting findings about the diagnosis and classification of lung sounds automatically using convolutional neural networks, which is the beginning for the development of a platform to assess the risk of pneumonia in the first moment, thus allowing rapid care and referral that seeks to reduce mortality associated mainly with pneumonia. © 2021Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Chemical composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activity of a citrus essential oil and its fractions
No full textAcknowledgments: The authors are grateful to CIENCIACTIVA from the “Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación Tecnológica” (CONCYTEC, Peru; Contract 278-2015-FONDECYT) and to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES, Brazil) for Carmen M.S. Ambrosio Ph.D. scholarship. The current manuscript is part of the doctoral thesis (10.11606/T.11.2020.tde-18052020-151325) authored by Carmen M.S. Ambrosio at University of São Paulo.Essential oils (EOs) from Citrus are the main by-product of Citrus-processing industries. In addition to food/beverage and cosmetic applications, citrus EOs could also potentially be used as an alternative to antibiotics in food-producing animals. A commercial citrus EO—Brazilian Orange Terpenes (BOT)—was fractionated by vacuum fractional distillation to separate BOT into various fractions: F1, F2, F3, and F4. Next, the chemical composition and biological activities of BOT and its fractions were characterized. Results showed the three first fractions had a high relative amount of limonene (≥10.86), even higher than the whole BOT. Conversely, F4 presented a larger relative amount of BOT’s minor compounds (carvone, cis-carveol, trans-carveol, cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol, and trans-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and a very low relative amount of limonene (0.08–0.13). Antibacterial activity results showed F4 was the only fraction exhibiting this activity, which was selective and higher activity on a pathogenic bacterium (E. coli) than on a beneficial bacterium (Lactobacillus sp.). However, F4 activity was lower than BOT. Similarly, F4 displayed the highest antioxidant activity among fractions (equivalent to BOT). These results indicated that probably those minor compounds that detected in F4 would be more involved in conferring the biological activities for this fraction and consequently for the whole BOT, instead of the major compound, limonene, playing this role exclusively. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
Enteric viral infections among domesticated south american camelids: First detection of mammalian orthoreovirus in camelids
No full textThis study was supported by CONCYTEC-FONDECYT en el marco de la convocatoria ?Proyecto Investigaci?n B?sica 2019-01? (grant numbers 355-2019) and by the Vicerrectorado de Investigaci?n y Posgrado de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el marco de la convocatoria ?Proyecto de Investigaci?n con financiamiento para Grupos de Investigaci?n 2021?. This study was also partially supported by the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq grant numbers 404984/2018-5 and 301469/2018-0) and the Funda??o Carlos Chagas de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (FAPERJ, grant number E-26/202.909/2017).Enteric infections are a major cause of neonatal death in South American camelids (SACs). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens among alpacas and llamas in Canchis, Cuzco, located in the southern Peruvian highland. Fecal samples were obtained from 80 neonatal alpacas and llamas and tested for coronavirus (CoV), mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), and rotavirus A (RVA) by RT-PCR. Of the 80 fecal samples analyzed, 76 (95%) were positive for at least one of the viruses tested. Overall, the frequencies of positive samples were 94.1% and 100% among alpacas and llamas, respectively. Of the positive samples, 33 (43.4%) were monoinfected, while 43 (56.6%) had coinfections with two (83.7%) or three (16.3%) viruses. CoV was the most commonly detected virus (87.5%) followed by MRV (50%). RVA was detected only in coinfections. To our knowledge, this is the first description of MRV circulation in SACs or camelids anywhere. These data show that multiple viruses circulate widely among young alpaca and llama crias within the studied areas. These infections can potentially reduce livestock productivity, which translates into serious economic losses for rural communities, directly impacting their livelihoods. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte