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Role of government financial support and vulnerability characteristics associated with food insecurity during the covid-19 pandemic among young peruvians
No full textFunding: This research was funded by PROCIENCIA (CONCYTEC/FONDECYT), the British Embassy, the MRC grant (MR/S024778/1) and Newton Fund, grant number 030-2019.Peruvian households have experienced one of the most prevalent economic shocks due to COVID-19, significantly increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity (FI). To understand the vulnerability characteristics of these households among the Peruvian young population, including the role of the government’s response through emergency cash transfer, we analysed longitudinal data from the Young Lives study (n = 2026), a study that follows the livelihoods of two birth cohorts currently aged 18 to 27 years old. FI was assessed using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Household characteristics were collected before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in Peru to char-acterise participants’ vulnerability to FI. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between government support and participants’ vulnerability characteristics to FI. During the period under study (March to December 2020), 24% (95% CI: 22.1–25.9%) of the participants experienced FI. Families in the top wealth tercile were 49% less likely to experience FI. Larger families (>5 members) and those with increased household expenses and decreased income due to COVID-19 were more likely to experience FI (by 35%, 39% and 42%, respectively). There was no significant association between government support and FI (p = 0.768). We conclude that pre-pan-demic socioeconomic status, family size, and the economic disruption during COVID-19 contribute to the risk of FI among the Peruvian young population, while government support insufficiently curtailed the risk to these households. © 2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in a high-altitude setting in Peru: Adult population-based cross-sectional study
No full textThis study was supported by FONDECYT (Fondo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Peru), code: 071-2020. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Background. There are several ecological studies, but few studies of the prevalence of SARS-COV-2 at high altitude. We aimed to estimate the population-based seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 in three settings of Cusco at the end of the first wave among adults. Methods. A population-based survey was conducted in September 2020, in three settings in the region of Cusco: (1) Cusco city at 3,300 meters above the sea level (m.a.s.l.), (2) the periphery of Cusco (Santiago, San Jerónimo, San Sebastián, and Wanchaq) at 3,300 m.a.s.l., and (3) Quillabamba city, located at 1,050 m.a.s.l. People aged ? 18 years within a family unit were included. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on identifying anti- SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies (IgM and IgG) in serum using the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescence test. Results. We enrolled 1924 participants from 712 families. Of the total, 637 participants were anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Seroprevalence was 38.8% (95% CI [33.4%-44.9%]) in Cusco city, 34.9% (95% CI [30.4%-40.1%]) in the periphery of Cusco, and 20.3% (95% CI [16.2%-25.6%]) in Quillabamba. In 141 families (19.8%; 95% CI [17.0%-22.8%]) the whole members were positive to the test. Living with more than three persons in the same house, a positive COVID-19 case at home, and a member who died in the last five months were factors associated with SARS-COV-2 seropositivity. Dysgeusia/dysosmia was the symptom most associated with seropositivity (aPR = 2.74, 95% CI [2.41-3.12]); whereas always wearing a face shield (aPR = 0. 73; 95% CI [0.60-0.89]) or a facial mask (aPR = 0.76, 95% CI [0.63-0. 92) reduced that probability. Conclusions. A great proportion of Cusco's city inhabitants presented anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at the end of the first wave, with significant differences between settings. Wearing masks and face shields were associated with lower rate of seropositivity; however, efforts must be made to sustain them over time since there is still a high proportion of susceptible people. © 2021 PeerJ Inc.. All rights reserved.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Temperature regime influences accessions and effectiveness of germination promoters in the high-Andean crop maca
No full textThis work was supported by the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cient?fico, Tecnol?gico y de Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica (FONDECYT-PERU) under Grant 190-2015-FONDECYT-DE which provided a fellowship for David Valqui-Pe?a. We thank Mois?s Alderete, Arturo C?rdenas, and Efra?n Z??iga for providing the seed accessions of maca. We are also grateful to Ang?lica P?rez, Jonhny V?lchez, Ovaldo Rojas, and Fluber Mamani, as well as the ?Asociaci?n de Productores Agropecuarios Org?nicos de Carhuamayo? for generously sharing their knowledge on this crop. Finally, we thank Cristina Guerra-Giraldez for proofreading the?manuscript.High-Andean crops are precious resources for low-income farmers threatened by climate conditions. In the Puna region of the central Peruvian Andes, poor farmers grow maca (Lepidium meyenii Walpers), a root crop endemic to this region, under extreme environmental conditions. The performance ranking of crop accessions may vary with climate variability due to interactions between genotypes and the environment, but this issue has not been addressed for maca crops. Here we used three thermal setups under laboratory conditions and tested the effects of temperature regime, seed accession, and germination promoters on seed germination and seedling performance traits of maca plants. We found significant temperature × accession (T × A) interactions for most response variables, that is, the performance ranking of accessions varied with temperature regimes. The positive effects of promoters (gibberellic acid, GA; sodium hypochlorite, SH) on germination and seedling emergence variables were not additive and showed a clear trend to be greater at lower temperatures. Because available maca accessions still require the Andean Puna´s cold environment to develop their hypocotyls fully, the selection of accessions with better tolerance to higher temperatures should be taken as a long-term challenge. In the short term, our findings strongly suggest that maca growers might use GA as a promoter to overcome limitations imposed on seed germination and seedling emergence by low temperatures at the crop-growing areas.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
YBa2Cu3O7 films grown onto SrTiO3 and YSZ substrates by chemical solution deposition of trifluoroacetates
No full textThis work was supported by the Proyectos Integrales Program from the CONCYTEC agency, project title “Fabricacion de placas superconductoras de YBaCuO” (Contract No. 018 -2020 – FONDECYT – BM). A Bustamante Domínguez and A. Osorio Anaya thank the Vice-Rector Office for Research and Postgraduate from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos for supporting their projects B151301031 and B171301856 . 2 3 7We report the preparation and characterization of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) films grown onto SrTiO3 and YSZ substrates by the trifluoroacetates chemical solution deposition method and following sintering with oxygen atmosphere at 860 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals (00?) – oriented crystallites indicating epitaxial growth of the films in the c-direction. Despite granular morphology and the presence of Y2BaCuO5 and CuO as minor secondary phases, the technique shows the successful formation of the superconducting YBCO and preventing the formation of the unwanted BaCO3 phase. Rocking curve measurements of the (005) reflection for the YBCO/SrTiO3 was fitted with one Gaussian function with full width at the half maximum (FWHM) of 0.44° confirming that it consists of YBCO crystallites with different texture. For the sample grown on YSZ, the rocking curve was fitted with two Gaussian functions, one corresponding to the YBCO layer (FWHM = 0.4°) and another to the substrate (FWHM = 0.3°). The magnetic measurements taken in zero field cooling and field cooling modes confirm the formation of the superconducting YBCO with critical temperatures (TC) 91.8 and 85.7 K for the samples grown onto YSZ and SrTiO3, respectively. The critical current density (JC) curves indirectly calculated by using the Bean´s model from the M(T) loops were JC ~ 109 A/cm2 for the sample deposited onto YSZ and JC ~ 107A/cm2 for the YBCO deposited onto SrTiO3. Overall, the difference in TC and JC values between both samples could be related to their difference in oxygen content, porosity, hole concentration per Cu ion and the presence of secondary phases. © 2021, The Author(s).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Comunidades vegetales y estimación de biomasa con sensores multiespectrales y sistemas aéreos no tripulados en pastizales de Puna Seca
Get PDFMenciona que la teledetección y los sistemas de información geográfica son herramientas que se utilizan para la gestión de recursos naturales. Sin embargo, las imágenes satelitales como Landsat han presentado limitaciones en la resolución espacial, espectral y temporal para el campo de la agricultura y la ganadería de precisión. Frente a ello, aparecen como alternativa los microsensores adheridos a sistemas aéreos no tripulados (UAS). Así, el objetivo del estudio fue identificar y estimar la biomasa de las comunidades vegetales de tolar y bofedales de puna seca a través de sensores multiespectrales incorporados en los UAS. Para determinar la altura de vuelo, se recopilaron imágenes de las comunidades vegetales con sensores multiespectrales. Paralelamente, se recolectaron muestras de vegetación en las transectas fijas que formaban parte de los puntos de control en tierra. Las imágenes adquiridas fueron procesadas, logrando ortofotografías de alta resolución. Para la etapa de escalamiento hacia la imagen satelital, se adquirieron imágenes Rapideye.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
ALICIA, Acceso Libre a Información Científica para la Innovación: Presentación de colección especializada
Get PDFDescribe los aspectos principales del Repositorio Nacional ALICIA con énfasis en su sección correspondiente a las colecciones especializadas
Validación técnica y económica de un sistema de captación y tratamiento de agua de lluvia diseñado para su uso masificado en comunidades nativas distrito Nieva, provincia Condorcanqui, Amazonas
No full textLos habitantes de las comunidades nativas de Tunants y Yahuahua en la Amazonía peruana se enfrentan a problemas de abastecimiento de agua en cantidad y calidad. El objetivo de esta investigación fue realizar una validación técnica y económica del sistema de captación y tratamiento de agua de lluvia destinado al consumo humano, para lo cual se recopiló datos de precipitación durante un año, mediante la instalación de cuatro pluviómetros. La estructura del sistema de captación se compuso a base de plataformas de cemento y tuberías (PVC).Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Chemical Composition, Tocopherol and Carotenoid Content of Seeds from Different Andean Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) Ecotypes
No full textAndean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) seeds are appreciated for their high protein and lipid contents and have potential applications as ingredients in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Nevertheless, the information about the seed composition (especially in lipophilic antioxidants) of ecotypes from distinct cropping areas is currently limited. Thus, the aim of the present research was to assess the morphological characteristics, chemical composition, tocopherol and carotenoid contents of the seeds of 33 Andean lupin ecotypes from different Peruvian regions, along with three L. albus, one L. angustifolius and one L. luteus controls. Significant differences were noted among the Andean ecotypes for all analyzed features. The protein, lipid and ash contents were 32.0–46.9, 13.6–18.6 and 2.7–4.4 g/100 g dry matter (DM), respectively. The seeds were rich in tocopherols (172.1–249.8 mg/kg DM; γ-tocopherol was 98% of total tocols) and low in carotenoids (0.69–2.89 mg/kg DM). Debittering increased the tocopherol content (227.0–378.2 mg/kg DM), probably because of the soluble components loss, although the carotenoid concentration remained unchanged. The Andean lupins had higher protein, lipid and tocopherol contents than L. albus and L. angustifolius; the L. luteus values were within the L. mutabilis range. These results suggest that L. mutabilis harbors nutritional characteristics that are well suited to modern food trends. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Identification of tree species from the Peruvian tropical amazon “Selva Central” forests according to wood anatomy
No full textThis research was supported by the Project Concytec – Banco Mundial, through its executing unit is the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT) (Project No. 043-2019-FONDECYT- BMINC.INV). A special thanks to the entire team of the research project “MaderApp: Un aplicativo móvil para el reconocimiento automático y en tiempo real de especies maderables comerciales para combatir la tala ilegal en Selva Central, Perú”.The “Selva Central” of Peru is characterized by its forest species richness that produces quality wood for countless uses. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the wood and its macroscopic anatomy, which is an important tool for the botanical identification of tree species. For this purpose, 13 sawmills located in 3 provinces were selected that exploit several tree species of “Selva Central”. Sampling of representative woods was carried out, identified by common names and, in the laboratory, they were polished, examined, and grouped by the similarity of the macroscopic anatomical structure, leading to the tree species identification. Twenty tree species were identified, belonging to 17 genera, with emphasis on the Lauraceae and Fabaceae families. However, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Lecythidaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Myristicaceae, Combretaceae, and Burseraceae families were also identified. The anatomical structures of all the identified tree species were described, transversal and longitudinal tangential cross section images were collected, and a species identification key was constructed. The implications and importance of tree species identification via wood anatomy were discussed, in terms of controlling forest exploitation, traceability of the production chain, and the future development of an artificial intelligence tree-species identification method.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Evaluación de repositorios de la Red Nacional de Repositorios Digitales de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Acceso Abierto (RENARE)
No full textRealiza un breve repaso de la Guía ALICIA y aspectos en torno al procedimiento de evaluación de los repositorios institucionales peruanos