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Composting of the waste of the heart of palm agroindustry for the cultivation of edible mushrooms
Get PDFThis research was funded by Peruvian Fondecyt (Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico, Tecnologico y de Innovacion) [142-2018-FONDECYT-BM-IADT-MU.];The agribusiness of heart of palm (Bactris gasipaes) generates large amounts of waste, causing environmental impacts. Before this waste is returned to crop soil, it can be used in the production of carpophores of Pleurotus sp. in combination with other organic sources. This work characterized, at the physical-chemical level and in terms of the availability of macro- and micronutrients, compost based on the agroindustrial waste of heart of palm and chicken manure. A 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment (factor 1 = forms of compost; factor 2 = proportion of waste and factor 3 = harvest times) in one completely randomized design of eight treatments with six replicates was applied. The following maximum values were obtained for treatments (T): pH = 6.50 (T5), OM = 11.49% (T5), CEC = 66.77 mEq/100 g (T2); EC = 9.20 dS/m (T8), ash = 50.12% (T4), C/N = 11.71 (T4), N = 0.72% (T7), P = 154.62 ppm (T7), K = 9590.96 ppm (T5), Ca = 25.60 mEq/100 g (T6), Mg = 17.18 mEq/100 g (T6), Na = 1.38 mEq/100 g (T8), cellulose = 23.72% (T1), hemicellulose = 12.50% (T1). Despite the significant differences between treatments, these results are insufficient for the growth and development of these mushrooms. However, T5 (with a proportion of lignin closest to that needed: 43.64%) is the best to use from day 16 of composting, as long as it is complemented with substrates that cover the needs of Pleurotus sp.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Pure Shift Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: a New Tool for Plant Metabolomics
No full textThis study was funded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion Tecnologica (CONCYTEC) -Programa Atraccion de Investigadores Cienciactiva Contract #008-2017-FONDECYT.Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is one of the most powerful tools used in metabolomics. It stands as a highly accurate and reproducible method that not only provides quantitative data but also permits structural identification of the metabolites present in complex mixtures. Metabolic profiling by H-1 NMR has proven useful in the study of various types of plant scenarios, which include the evaluation of crop conditions, harvest and postharvest treatments, metabolic phenotyping, metabolic pathways, gene regulation, identification of biomarkers, chemotaxonomy, quality control, denomination of origin, among others. However, signal overlapping of the large number of resonances with expanded J-coupling multiplicities complicates the spectra analysis and its interpretation, and represents a limitation for classical H-1 NMR profiling. In the last decade, novel NMR broadband homonuclear decoupling techniques through which multiplet signals collapse into single resonance lines - commonly called Pure Shift methods - have been developed to overcome the spectra resolution problem inherent to H-1 NMR classical spectra. Here a step-by-step protocol of the plant extract preparation and the procedure to record optimal Pure Shift PSYCHE and SAPPHIRE-PSYCHE spectra in three different plant matrices - Vanilla plant leaves, potato tubers (S. tuberosum), and Cape gooseberries (P. peruviana) - is presented. The effect of the gain in resolution in metabolic identification, correlation analysis and multivariate analyses, as compared against classical spectra, is discussed.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Assessing Dendrochronological Potential of Escallonia myrtilloides in the High Andes of Peru
No full textThe authors thank Rosana Ordaya and Johan Lázaro for their help in the field, Ricardo Rodríguez and Luiz Santin for the histological cuts, and Wil-fredo Bulege for the administrative support of the project. We also thank two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and Anabela Bonada for the writing and language editing. This study was financed by the National Council for Science, Technology and Technological Innovation-Peru (Project N° 147-2015-FONDECYT-DE, Project N° 039-2019-FONDECYT-BM-INC-INV).There is a significant dendrochronological gap in the Puna of the central Andes of Peru, which motivates research on new species. In this study, we present the first tree-ring chronologies of Escallonia myrtilloides. We collected samples at San Pedro Saño and Sapallanga in Peru, analyzed the anatomical characteristics that delimit the annual growth rings, and developed two tree-ring chronologies through conventional dendrochronological techniques. The tree-ring chronologies cover the period 1940-2015 (76 years) for San Pedro Saño and 1960-2015 (56 years) for Sapallanga. The E. myrtilloides chronologies presented similar values of mean sensitivity, Rbar and EPS to those recorded for Polylepis tarapacana, Polylepis pepei, and Polylepis rugulosa in the Puna region. The analysis of the climate-growth relationships indicated positive correlations with precipitation and negative correlations with temperature in particular months of the current growing season (October-April). This precipitation/temperature-sensitive record highlights the high value of E. myrtilloides for future studies on the influence of climate on tree growth in the central Andes. © Copyright © 2021 by the Tree-Ring Society.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Draft genome sequence of a blaKPC-2-carrying citrobacter braakii isolate from Pediatric Hospital Wastewater in Peru
No full textHere, we report a draft genome sequence of a blaKPC-2-carrying Citrobacter braakii isolate from pediatric hospital effluent. Genome CF248 represents a multidrug-resistant C. braakii isolate derived from a clinical environment in Peru. Copyright © 2021 Salvatierra et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.This study was funded by the Innóvate Perú grant number 289-2017 and FONDECYT grant number 088-2018. G.S. was supported by the CONCYTEC-FONDECYT-World Bank Group grant number E033-01-08-2018-FONDECYT/Banco Mundial-Programas de Doctorado en Áreas Estratégicas y Generales
Interchangeability of drugs in Peru: Current outlook and future perspectives [Intercambiabilidad de medicamentos en el Perú: Panorama actual y perspectivas futuras]
No full textEste estudio es parte del Programa de Doctorado en Farmacia y Bioqu?mica de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog?a/FONDECYT Per? y el Banco Mundial (Contrato N.? 07-2018-FONDECYT-BM-PDAEG-UNT).Generic drugs play an important role in healthcare systems as they represent an effective and more affordable alternative for the population. In Peru, a regulation of interchangeability of generic drugs (also called multisource drugs) was stablished to define the procedures and requirements for developing in vivo and in vitro therapeutic equivalence studies, following the gradual application approach and sanitary risk criteria. Compliance with the new regulation will allow greater access to effective, safe and quality generic drugs. Meanwhile, drugs continue to be marketed in the absence of therapeutic equivalence stu-dies. Findings show that some drugs failed in in vivo and in vitro comparisons with the reference product. This regulation represents a great challenge for manufacturers and holders of sanitary registrations in order to demonstrate the interchangeability of their pharmaceutical products with the reference product. © 2021, Instituto Nacional de Salud. All rights reserved.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy
Physical and Thermal Properties of Novel Native Andean Natural Fibers
No full textThis work was supported by the Cienciactiva -?FONDECYT, Per? [117-2016]. This paper was written in the context of the project: ?Estudio comparativo del potencial de fibras naturales end?micas del Per? para su uso como refuerzo en materiales compuestos laminados? founded by the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnolog?a e Innovaci?n Tecnol?gica (CONCYTEC) under the contract number N? 117-2016-FONDECYT. The authors of this paper appreciate the financial support from the Peruvian Government.Natural fibers are a renewable resource that has become an economic alternative to replace synthetic fibers as reinforcement in composite materials. In this study, the aim was to characterize physical and thermal properties of the Andean Stipa obtusa and Jarava ichu leaves (grasses known as ichu) before and after the alkaline treatment. Energy dispersive spectrum identified external phytoliths on the surface of nontreated raw leaves. With the alkaline treatment, improvement on the thermal stability and increment in the crystalline index and size was observed. Additionally, raw leaves present a hydrophobic behavior; however, with the treatment this hydrophobicity was lost for Stipa obtusasignificantly but not for the Jaravaichu. Furthermore, low surface energy was observed for the nontreated raw leaves and increasing consistently for the treated fibers. According with these results, these grasses are quite interesting materials from which fibers can be extracted for engineering applications such as composite materials. © 2019 Taylor & Francis.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
The Miocene stratigraphy of the Laberinto area (Río Ica Valley) and its bearing on the geological history of the East Pisco Basin (south-central Peru)
No full textJAB received funding from the United States Geological Survey , Climate Research and Development Program , for this study. DO was supported by CONCYTEC (Peru) research grants CB ( N° 105-2018 - FONDECYT ) and “Incorporación de Investigadores” ( N° E038-2019-02-FONDECYT-BM ). RE was supported by Geosciences Research Institute grant GRI19-1 . LWS was supported as an employee of the United States Geological Survey during the 1980s. TJD and MU did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Global sea-level changes and substantial vertical displacement along the Monte Grande Fault (MGF) in the lower Río Ica Valley of south-central Peru influenced the accumulation of bioclast-bearing and diatom-bearing Miocene siliciclastic sediments in an area of the East Pisco forearc basin (EPB) colloquially known as Laberinto. Two depositional hiatuses in the Laberinto area (~17–14 Ma, ~12.5–10 Ma) manifest as sediment-filled erosional depressions a few kilometers in breadth. Erosion of the older depression was preceded by an ~18-Ma massive debris flow, possibly triggered by motion on the MGF causing lower Miocene lithoclastic olistoliths of up to two hundred meters length to spill off the footwall block. Sediment shed from the same footwall block may have formed previously recognized early Miocene deltas. From 14 to 13 Ma, the older depression filled with sediments herein assigned to the provisionally named Laberinto, Pampa, and Naranja members of the Pisco Formation, the latter member being characterized by marine delta foreset beds. The three members are at least partly correlative with the Pisco-0 sequence of the Pisco Formation. The younger depression was overrun at 10 Ma by debris flows of lithoclastic and granitic cobbles and boulders, then filled with diatomaceous silty sand with 5-m-sized lithoclastic olistoliths. The two lithologies constitute the provisionally named Mature Formation. Radiometric and newly revised biochronological data from throughout the EPB coupled with new diatom data from the Laberinto area have provided new insights into the correlation of sequences within the Chilcatay and Pisco formations and the interaction of local and basin-wide tectonism and global eustatic sea-level events across the basin. © 2021 Elsevier LtdConsejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Total Fat Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Fine-Aroma Cocoa From Northeastern Peru
No full textThe authors would like to acknowledge the funding of the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica (FONDECYT) through the Project with Contract N? 026-2016 Círculo de Investigación para la Innovación y el fortalecimiento de la cadena de valor del cacao nativo fino de aroma en la zona nor oriental del Perú-CINCACAO, and the support and execution of this project by the Instituto de Investigación para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Ceja de Selva (INDES-CES).Cocoa beans are the raw material for the chocolate industry. In this study, the total fat contents and fatty acid profiles of fine-aroma cocoa beans of 30 cocoa ecotypes from northeastern Peru were evaluated. Results showed that SJJ-1 and ACJ-11 ecotypes from San Martin and Amazonas regions, respectively, presented highest percentages of total fat with an average of 30.49%. With respect to fatty acid profiles, it was found that cocoa ecotypes are composed of 10 fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C17:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C20:0, and C22:0); based on this profile, 5 clusters were determined. Cluster 5 had the highest content of C17:0 fatty acid (0.47%); however, the clusters 1, 2, 3, and 4 had the lowest content of this fatty acid (0.37%, 0.32%, 0.32%, respectively). The clusters 3 and 4 showed the highest content of C16:0 fatty acid (31.13% y 28.97%, respectively). The clusters 3 and 5 contained the highest content of the acid C18:1 (27.08% y 26.82%, respectively). The PCA found that C18:0 and C20:0 fatty acids are correlated, and are fundamentally opposite to C18:1, C16:0, and C18:3 acids. These results may be useful in identifying raw material for the development of specialty chocolates with better nutritional value than traditional cocoa. © Copyright © 2021 Oliva-Cruz, Mori-Culqui, Caetano, Goñas, Vilca-Valqui and Chavez.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
An Integrated Model for Locating-Routing in the Goods Delivery and Simultaneous Pickup in the Urban Context
No full textOur gratitude to the Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico, Tecnológico y de Innovación Tecnológica – FONDECYT.Bibliographic research on facilities location and vehicle routing shows interest in the academic community and contributes to the welfare in cities. In this sense a Mixed Integer linear new Programming model is presented to optimise cost by integrating location and routing. This process is about delivering and collecting goods and wastes at the same time in order to maintain urban sustainability. It also determines the consumption of the used fuel and measures the C02 generation in the routing. This model was implemented by GLPK which obtained results in small simulated scenarios. For sceneries between 21 and 25 customers, optimal solutions were not found in 7200 s despite the timeout.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Tecnológica - Concyte
Distribución de productos y colecta de residuos en una red logística mediante ruteo de ruteo de vehículos abierto con ventanas de tiempo
No full textLa investigación realizada en el contexto de la logística, muestra que las ciudades actuales mantienen una inmensa actividad comercial debido a la demanda de la población, por satisfacer sus distintas necesidades básicas. La demanda trae consecuencias positivas pues al incrementarse el flujo comercial trae desarrollo generando fuentes de empleo; sin embargo no tomar decisiones oportunas traería consecuencias negativas afectando la salud de los ciudadanos, por ello constituye un desafio para las autoridades ya que mantener la sustentabilidad es importante. Viabilizar la red logística para un óptimo abastecimiento de productos y la colecta de restos generados, fue posible mediante el desarrollo de un modelo de programación entera binaria y una metaheurística llamada GRASP, basado en ruteo de vehículos con ventanas de tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos con las implementaciones muestran la importancia de la propuesta, la cual puede ser extendida a situaciones reales sin necesidad de grandes cambios.Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico - Fondecy