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Effects of 8 Years of Treatment with Tibolone 2.5 mg Daily on Postmenopausal Bone Loss
No full textThe objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of tibolone 2.5 mg daily (Livial1rganon) on bone mineral density in recently postmenopausal women. An 8-year, open, nonrandomized, prospective study was designed to compare the effects of tibolone 2.5 mg daily (n = 59) with an untreated control group (n = 51). The subjects of this study were 110 recently postmenopausal women (6-36 months since last menstrual period). The main outcome measures were bone mineral density of the spine and femur, measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and assessment of biochemical markers of bone metabolism. After 8 years of tibolone use, the mean (± SEM) increase in bone mineral density compared with baseline was 4.1% ± 0.8% (p<0.0001) in the spine and 4.6% ± 1.8% (p = 0.015) in the femoral neck. Over the same period, bone mineral density in the control group decreased in the spine by -7.5% ± 1.1%, (p<0.0001) and in the femur by -6.7% ± 1.2% (p<0.0001). The bone resorption marker, calcium/creatinine ratio, decreased in the tibolone group but not in the control group. Serum bone formation markers decreased (alkaline phosphatase) or stayed approximately the same (osteocalcin) in the tibolone group. Adherence was high, with 58% (34 of 59) of the tibolone group continuing treatment for 8 years. We conclude that tibolone 2.5 mg daily prevents bone loss in the lumbar spine and femoral neck over 8 years and adherence to treatment is high. The greater bone density compared with untreated women would be expected to reduce the risk of bone fractures
Clinical characteristics of 13 solid organ transplant recipients with ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus infection
No full textBackground. Ganciclovir-resistant (GCV-R) cytomegalovirus (CMV) is now being reported with increasing frequency in solid organ transplant recipients. Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of all solid organ transplant patients with GCV-R CMV seen between 1990 and 2000 at a single center. Methods. Patients with clinically suspected GCV resistance had viral isolates subjected to phenotypic analysis by plaque reduction assay, and also genotypic analysis. Medical records of the 13 patients with GCV-R CMV were reviewed for demographic, microbiologic, clinical, and pathologic data. Results. Thirteen patients were identified, including 5 kidney, 1 heart, and 7 lung transplant recipients. All but one patient (92%) were CMV donor seropositive, recipient negative (D+/R-), and 11/13 (85%) had tissue-invasive CMV. CMV viremia was recurrent in 9/13 (69%); in 2 others, the first CMV episode was fatal. Overall, 9/13 (69%) of patients have died, all of CMV or its complications. Of the 10 who received foscarnet, only one survived. All patients had received GCV-based prophylactic regimens; 8/13 patients (62%) had received CMV hyperimmune globulin (CMVIG) as part of prophylaxis, 6/13 (46%) had received oral ganciclovir, and 5/13 (38%) had received intermittent (3×/week) IV ganciclovir for prophylaxis. Conclusions. GCV-R CMV is associated with CMV D+/R- status, tissue-invasive disease, and high mortality even with foscarnet therapy. Exposure to less than fully therapeutic levels of GCV, in the form of oral or intermittent IV GCV, is common. The use of CMVIG in prophylaxis does not appear to prevent resistance. Further work remains to be done to elucidate the risk factors and optimal mode of prophylaxis and treatment for GCV-R CMV
Предметно-методологическое самоопределение новой науки о человеческом обществе: Огюст Конт и его теория
No full textThis article is an attempt to reconstruct the system of views of August Comte, who is the outstanding philosopher of the 19th century and one of the positivism and sociology founder. It gives the characteristic of the main author's concepts, creating the basis of the French thinker's doctrine. The subject of the analysis is also the complex of the intellectual influences, existing in the structure of Comte's world outlook. According to it Comte's ideas are comparing with the ideas of his predecessors. It gives a general appraisal of Comte's contribution to the cause of the sociological idea's development to the West, defines the place of his theoretical and methodological conception in the structure of the world process of the sociological history.Настоящая статья представляет собой часть учебно-методического комплекса, разрабатываемого автором совместно с профессором Г.С.Батыгиным при поддержке Национального фонда подготовки кадров (Проект "Комплексное совершенствование форм и методов организации учебного процесса в рамках системы социологического образования"; Тех. задание №Е./А.22/00-1-129)
Paclitaxel (Taxol) Inhibits the Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase Activity and Gene Expression (mRNA NAT1) and 2-Aminofluorene-DNA Adduct Formation in Human Bladder Carcinoma Cells (T24 and TSGH 8301)
No full textAcetylator polymorphism in man results from differential expression of human liver N-acetyltransferase. N-Acetyltransferase enzyme activity has been demonstrated to be involved in some types of chemical carcinogenesis. Paclitaxel (taxol) had been shown to affect N-acetyltransferase activity of human lung cancer cells. In this study, paclitaxel was chosen to investigate the effects of arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity (N-acetylation of substrate), gene expresssion and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in human bladder carcinoma cell lines (T24 and TSGH 8301). The N-acetyltrasnsferase activity (N-acetylation of substrates) was determined by high performance liquid chromatography assaying for the amounts of acetylated 2-aminofluorene and p -aminobenzoic acid and nonacetylated 2-aminofluorene and p -aminobenzoic acid. Intact human bladder carcinoma T24 and TSGH 8301 cells were used for examining N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation. The results demonstrated that the N-acetyltransferase activity, gene expression (NAT1 mRNA) and 2-aminofluorene-DNA adduct formation in intact human bladder carcinoma cells were inhibited and decreased by paclitaxel in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of paclitaxel on the apparent values of Km and Vmax of N-acetyltransferase enzyme from intact human bladder carcinoma cells were also determined in these cell lines. A marked influence of paclitaxel was observed on the decreasing apparent values of Km and Vmax from intact human bladder carcinoma cells (T24 and TSGH 8301). Thus, paclitaxel is an uncompetitive inhibitor to the NAT enzyme
Профессионализация как социальный процесс
No full textThe problem of professional development is, first of all, the problem of personal and social progress of a future specialist as a subject of social progress activities. Up-to-date professional is to see his trade as a multitude of wide social ties, to meet all the occupational demands, to maintain peculiar tasks and to easily navigate in the sphere of his professional goals as well as be ready to solve under changing social circumstances
Двухфазная система массового обслуживания с марковскими потоком и обслуживанием в дискретном времени
No full textРассматривается двухфазная система массового обслуживания с марковскими потоком и обслуживанием, на каждой фазе системы функционирует один прибор и имеется буферный накопитель конечной емкости. Получен алгоритм для расчета стационарного распределения вероятностей состояний системы, а также выведены выражения для расчета вероятностей потери заявки на каждой фазе системы и общей вероятности потери заявки в системе