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Emergency Medical Service responses as latent social capital toward deliberate self-harm, suicidality and suicide
No full textEscalation in Deliberate Self-Harm (DSH) is indicative of a rise in poor mental health and/or a failure of social and health services. The phenomenon of DSH exacerbates mental illness sequela, while being an essential indicator of suicide risk. Globally, about 800 000 people commit suicide yearly, averaging almost one suicide every 40 s. Based on a Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, the aim sought to establish the scope of the DSH, suicidality and suicide case-load from a Western Cape Emergency Medical Services (EMS) prehospital perspective. A census of 3 years of EMS Incident Management Records (IMR) from a large rural district with seven local municipalities was undertaken using a novel data collection instrument. The 2976 (N) mental health-related incidents that met the inclusion criteria (from 413 712 cases) suggest a presentation rate of 7 per 1000 EMS calls. Sixty percent (n = 1776) were regarded to have deliberately self-harmed, attempted suicide or committed suicide. Overdose/deliberate self-poisoning accounted for 52% (n = 1550) of all the DSH caseload of the study. Attempted suicide accounted for 2.7% (n = 83) and Suicide for 3.4% (n = 102) of the suicidality case-load from the study, respectively. Suicide averaged 2.8. suicides per month in the Garden Route District over the 3-year period. Men were five times more likely to commit suicide than women, commonly using strangulation, while women mostly ingested household detergents and poison, and overdosed on chronic medication. Understandably, the EMS needs to assess its own capability to respond, treat, and transport health-care users with DSH and suicidality. This study demonstrates the EMS ‘everyday’ exposure to DSH, suicidality and suicide case-load. It represents a critical first step in the problem-space definition upon which a determination of the need for EMS responses can be based, to interrupt suicidality by removing methods of harm and strengthening the mental health economy through social capital investment
Self-correcting iterative learning-based fault estimation for parabolic distributed parameter systems
No full textThis article presents a novel method for simultaneously estimating time-domain faults and spatio-temporal faults in parabolic distributed parameter systems (PDPSs). Initially, an iterative learning observer that considers both temporal and spatial variations is developed to estimate faults in PDPS. Subsequently, a novel self-correcting iterative learning (SCIL)-based fault estimation law is designed to enhance the speed and accuracy of fault estimation. Meanwhile, by employing the λ-norm method, L2-norm method, and mathematical induction method, it becomes feasible to derive the convergence conditions and obtain the gain matrices in a straightforward manner. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the applicability of the developed method, demonstrating its capability to estimate complex fault modes and its superior performance in fault estimation
Undergraduate nursing students challenge misconceptions towards men in nursing : a mixed-method study
No full textAims: To examine misconceptions towards men in nursing from the perspective of undergraduate nursing students. Specifically, this study sought to explore contributing factors of misconceptions and attributions of the success of men in nursing.
Design: A convergent parallel mixed-method study.
Methods: A national survey was conducted (July–September 2021). The quantitative data included demographics and responses to the Gender Misconceptions of Men in Nursing (GEMINI) scale. The qualitative data included responses to a provocative statement related to characteristics of men and their career in nursing. The GRAMMS guideline was used in reporting.
Results: Undergraduate nursing students (n = 1245) from 16 Australian schools of nursing responded to the survey. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that most students (96%) did not have misconceptions about men in nursing. Those who did were more likely to be men, born overseas, not in health-related employment and did not have nursing as their first choice. Four broad overarching main themes were generated in response to the statement that suggested men do not have the right attributes for nursing: (1) ‘This is a very misandristic viewpoint’; (2) ‘Compassion and intelligence are distributed in men and women equally’; (3) ‘Men bring a different quality to nursing’ (4) ‘Anyone can be whatever they want to be’.
Conclusion: Overall, nursing students did not have misconceptions about men in nursing, despite experiencing ongoing social stigma regarding archaic gender norms. The findings from this study indicate that the next-generation nurses were championing to challenge the gender stereotype and support the needs of a gender diverse society.
Impact: Attitudes and misconceptions that elicit gender inequalities must be addressed with comprehensive strategies and de-gendered language and imagery within the profession, schools, workplaces and the media. Shifting culture and attitudes towards inclusion, values the diversity in the workforce and supports healthy workplace environments
The focus on weight in the inpatient care of anorexia nervosa : a qualitative investigation of consumer perspectives
No full textAnorexia nervosa has a high mortality rate and is often treated in the inpatient setting, where close monitoring and medical support are available. Consistent with objective biomedical benchmarks, conventional inpatient treatment is often focussed on weight gain. Consumers report that clinicians provide care focussed on weight and physical restoration without adequate consideration of their full spectrum of needs. The aim of this study was to explore consumers' perspectives of the biomedical focus on weight gain in the inpatient care of anorexia nervosa. This study employed a qualitative approach, involving semistructured interviews, and participants were recruited from relevant social media communities. This study was ethically approved by a university ethics committee and the COREQ checklist ensured ethical reporting. Ten women participated in interviews. Participants reported that the biomedical imperative of weight gain is focussed on at the exclusion of other relevant determinants of well-being, and the narrow focus on weight gain does not suitably prepare consumers for discharge. The conflict between clinicians' biomedical focus and consumers' broader unmet needs leads to harmful interpersonal dynamics and feelings of invalidation. The inpatient care of anorexia nervosa needs to develop beyond biomedically driven objectives and incorporate the merits of an approach that substantively integrates person-centred care, therapeutic relationships and trauma-informed principles
Effects of latitude and building orientation in indoor-illuminance levels towards energy efficiency
No full textAs a matter of concern in sustainable buildings, daylight is studied to improve the balance between visual comfort for the occupants and energy consumption. This study analyzed the effects of latitude and orientation on the sunlight illuminance level within a northwest/southeast-oriented hypothetical house, with a wide-glassed facade, by integrating the BIM and BEM methodologies. The house was located in five different locations showing different latitudes: Búzios, Brazil; Capri, Italy; Punta Cana, Dominican Republic; Dubai, United Arab Emirates; and Sydney, Australia. Five different studies were carried out for each one of them by using the Autodesk REVIT energy-analysis tool named Lighting; they included sunpath analysis, calculation of daylight factor and daylight autonomy, and evaluation of daylight illuminance levels. It was found that a high amount of sunlight enters the house on its rear side, where are located the most occupied rooms, predominantly in the summer season, in the afternoon hours; however, 67% of the total house is below the 2% of daylight factor threshold. Withal, the rear-side rooms are the ones that satisfy most of the time with illumination levels above 300 lux, with maximum levels varying according to the season. This research contributes to associating BIM and BEM methodologies as an option to improve the design of energy-efficient buildings, being possible to consider further improvements to enhance the illuminance in the rooms, both for the early design stages and for future retrofit plans
Re-imagining Social Work: Towards Creative Practice
No full textSocial workers are increasingly faced with contemporary global challenges such as inequality, climate change and displacement of people. As a field committed to supporting the world's most vulnerable populations and communities, social work must adapt to meet the needs of this changing global landscape. Re-imagining Social Work broadens the imaginative horizons for social workers and acquaints readers with their potential to creatively contribute to global change. Written in an accessible style, this book motivates readers to think outside the box when it comes to linking theory to their social work practice, in order to construct innovative solutions to prominent social problems. Re-imagining Social Work provides a unique perspective on how social work can evolve for the future. Through theory and critical perspective, this book provides the skills required to be an innovative creative social worker
Industry 4.0 maturity of general contractors : an in-depth case study analysis
No full textIndustry 4.0 technologies have business process re-engineering capabilities that can radically improve process performance and increase the effectiveness of communication and collaboration between actors. Despite the significant emphasis on technology adoption, the slow uptake rate can be attributed to ignoring nontechnical aspects, such as systemic change concerning people and processes. There are ample Industry 4.0 maturity models in the literature; however, a common criticism of maturity models lies in their applicability. This paper attempts to address this criticism by presenting two case studies where maturity assessments for general contractors were conducted to understand how ready they were to adopt to Industry 4.0 and what they could do to improve their current readiness. This paper aims to answer the following research questions: (1) Can the Industry 4.0 maturity modelling literature be applied in an organisational context for a construction general contractor? (2) Do construction general contractors relate to such an assessment? To answer the research questions, a comprehensive assessment of the Industry 4.0 maturity of two general contractors was conducted, thereby intending to support their strategic planning and systematise their transformation in Industry 4.0. The richness of the findings lies in the detailed understanding of the organisation’s current Industry 4.0 capabilities and future plans, thereby establishing the applicability of the maturity attributes identified from the literature and confirming whether the managers of a construction organisation can relate to them
Providing better access to oral health care for people receiving substance use treatment : a timely discussion
No full textSubstance use disorders are a risk factor for poor oral health which in turn impacts quality of life. Resultant oral problems contribute to chronic illness, premature mortality, social stigma, embarrassment and reduced opportunities for employment and social interaction. Providing dental services to people with substance use disorders is often difficult due to high rates of oral disease, anxiety, behavioural and drug use changes, and lifestyle factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that alcohol and other drug service clients find accessing and navigating oral health services complex and suggest a multidisciplinary care approach to improve outcomes. In this commentary, we describe individual and structural barriers that limit the use of oral health care among people with substance use disorders, alcohol and other drug clinicians' challenges to integrating oral health into their practice and identify key issues for oral health services in delivering care. We draw on our experience to recommend a multidisciplinary approach be used to develop strategies in order to increase access to oral health services at a standard similar to the general population for clients of alcohol and other drug services
Building digital solutions to support brain health prescribing in primary care : where to begin?
No full textNational and international policy goals on healthy ageing and dementia risk reduction are yet to be fully realised in community healthcare settings. Disease modification strategies through lifestyle and social interventions are viable, evidence-based solutions to reduce age-related disease burden. However, prescribing lifestyle interventions targeting dementia risk in primary care remains deficient. Using digital technologies to support older individuals and healthcare professionals through formal health checks and lifestyle management is likely to enable shared understanding and consequences of personalized care and treatment options. These tailored solutions may bridge the translation gap and support healthy ageing
Listening to place, practising relationality : embodying six emergent protocols for collaborative relational geographies
No full textThere is increasing interest within geography around the composition and interdependence of human and environmental dynamics and relational onto-epistemologies. Such interest prompts us to consider questions around respect, power and collaboration, and how we might enact relations across sometimes vast and incommensurable differences as academics and as/with community members. In this paper, we document six protocols which emerged within the Not Lone Wolf network to enable this careful work: Emplacement, Listening, Weaving, Discomfort, Grieving, and Resting. These protocols are material practices that are mindful of the diversity of stakes, opinions and positionalities we hold, and which enable us to navigate through our relations. This paper argues for the importance of attending to such protocols which can shape the doing(s) of relational geographies. It offers possible orientations for geographers and social scientists to experiment with while doing relational geographies