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Infection prevention, and control in computed tomography : creating a national survey
No full textBackground: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is essential for quality healthcare, with healthcare associated infections (HAI) a known risk to patients requiring medical imaging (MI). To date, few papers have adopted a national approach to understanding or benchmarking the knowledge of, attitudes toward, and practice (KAP) of IPC in the context of MI and no validated surveys or scales are identified in the literature. The Computed Tomography (CT) suite is a unique MI environment where radiographers deliver prescription medicines to patients via intravenous (IV) means through an injector system. This paper describes the development of a survey that informs the use of IPC processes in the CT suite. Methods: Standard Precautions via current national guidelines formed the benchmark of the survey, with a KAP survey used as the framework to explore IPC. The questions and associated responses are developed based on the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) guidelines, industry/professional protocols and adapted to the equipment and practices commonly used in the CT suite of MI departments by radiographers and nurses. Results: Key survey development steps are described to include the justification of the benchmarking source, the survey framework and design. Detailed information is given to show the evolution of truth statements and sources, KAP question variations, and rationales for the methodology of question responses. National guidelines are mapped to survey questions and responses and pilot testing reflections are included. Conclusion: This paper reports on the construction of a standardised KAP survey for IPC specific to the CT suite in the Australian healthcare setting. The survey is ready for dissemination amongst MI departments. Documented use will aid validation and reliability as a survey tool to measure and map IPC specifically in relation to IV contrast administration
Late to the table : Australian law and policy on food security
No full textAustralia has no national food security strategy, and no overarching suite of law and policy to regulate the risks associated with food insecurity. We, as a nation, are long overdue for a comprehensive national response including law and policy to address critical regulatory deficits. This article considers possible explanations as to why food security as a fundamental responsibility of the State has been neglected in Australia and argues for a consistent regulatory response at all tiers of government and between government departments, informed by a national policy
Ecosystem services in coffee agroforestry : their potential to improve labour efficiency amongst smallholder coffee producers
No full textThis paper investigates the potential labour efficiencies and socio-cultural benefits of agroforestry for coffee smallholders practising low input production strategies. Employing both qualitative and quantitative methods, our case study of coffee smallholders in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, shows that despite managing very small holdings of coffee trees (< 500 trees), productivity is challenged by labour shortages and by very low levels of farm inputs. Constraints on labour supply include barriers to mobilising women’s labour; competition for labour from alternative livelihoods; the absence of a market in hired labour; and the time, labour and income demands of the indigenous socio-economy. The indigenous social economy draws heavily on smallholders’ time, labour and coffee income, to the extent that there is little labour for coffee garden maintenance and little coffee income invested in other farm inputs. To address these input shortfalls we explore the potential of ecosystem services from shade-grown coffee to generate labour efficiencies to partly fill some of the unmet maintenance requirements of coffee gardens and to partly fill the role of other farm inputs. Coffee extension must become more holistic and consider smallholder families’ diverse livelihoods and recognise the enduring nature of the low input production strategy, its socio-cultural value, its role in determining life quality, and thus its resistance to change. Extension must align with, rather than challenge, the low input production strategy to promote the potential labour efficiencies and benefits of agroforestry to create more resilient, sustainable and culturally-enriching coffee-based farming systems
Stock return volatility and financial distress : moderating roles of ownership structure, managerial ability, and financial constraints
No full textThis study examines the relationship between stock return volatility (SRV) and financial distress (FD) and the moderating roles of ownership structure, managerial (CEO) ability, and financial constraints in this nexus. Using a panel sample of Vietnamese-listed companies from 2010 to 2020, we find that firms experiencing high SRV encounter more FD. Our finding is robust to alternative measures of both SRV and FD variables. Large-cap and low-leverage firms bear less FD risk owing to excessive stock return volatility than small-cap and high-leverage companies. Additional analyses reveal that the presence of state ownership mitigates FD likelihood while the presence of institutional and concentrated ownership exacerbates FD probability when heightened SRV. Further, an adverse impact of SRV on the firm's stability is more pronounced in companies with strong CEO power and less financial constraints. This research provides deep insights for corporate executives and policy-makers on the relationship between SRV and FD. Furthermore, it underscores the necessity of managing stock return volatility to ensure the stability of listed firms in emerging markets
The praxis and imaginary of environmental and sustainability education in the capitalocene
No full textThis introduction to the special edition on the praxis and imaginary of Environmental and Sustainability Education (ESE) in the Capitalocene focuses on developing an argument about the underpinnings of the Capitalocene to shape our educational response to it. The statement that this article rests upon is that the Capitalocene is the driver of environmental damage on Earth today. Hence, if ESE is to have any impact it must address the Capitalocene as a matter of urgency. The Capitalocene is defined as a recent offshoot of the Anthropocene, wherein the processes of capital have captured the human population and led to the consequent capitalist human society as being primarily responsible for detrimentally altering the environment. To enable change in the Capitalocene, this article investigates the unconscious drives that have created the Anthropocene (and hence the Capitalocene) and invents a novel approach to ESE based on dark theory
Muslim social activity and placemaking in Australia
No full textFor generations, Muslims have engaged in daily life in the West—what this study identifies as Muslim social activity. Through social activity in Western societies, Muslims transform spaces into places by seeking to belong, feel at home, care, materialise religious and ethno-cultural values, and live meaningfully. The concept of place has not been used to explain Muslim social activity in the West. This study addresses this lacuna by explaining it in Australia as placemaking
[In Press] Indian immigrants' constructions of mental health and mental illness in the perinatal period : a qualitative study
No full textAim: The aim of this study is to explore how immigrant women and men from India construct mental health and mental illness in the perinatal period. Design: Qualitative interpretive design. Methods: Data were collected by conducting in-depth interviews with 19 participants. Photo elicitation, free listing and pile sorting were used during the interviews. Purposive sampling was used, and data were collected in 2018 and 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Finding/Results: One major theme and three subthemes were identified. ‘We do not talk about it’ was the major theme and the subthemes: (1) ‘living peacefully and feeling happy’ described the views on mental health; (2) ‘that's the elephant in the room still’ captures how participants felt when talking about mental illness; and (3) ‘why don't we talk about it’ offers reasons why the Indian community does not talk about mental health and illness. Conclusion: The findings of this study have highlighted the importance of understanding the impact of immigration and being culturally sensitive when assessing mental health in the perinatal period. Impact: The findings of this study identify some of the reasons for non-disclosure of mental health issues by immigrants. Incorporating these findings during psychosocial assessment by health professionals in the perinatal period will help translate the cultural aspects into more effective communication. Patient or Public Contribution: Patient and public contribution to the study was provided by the Community Stakeholders Group; these were members of the immigrant community from India who had expertise in mental health. They contributed to the study design and the key terms and phrases for the free list used in interviews
Edward Said and the dialectic of the "imperialized" intellectual
No full textThis essay responds to Timothy Brennan's recent biography of Edward Said by delving into Said's relation to Frantz Fanon, who became an important influence in the second half of his career. Particularly, it considers whether Said's readings and misreadings of Fanon signal a wider break with the latter's notion of the "colonized intellectual."Said, it emerges is more an "imperialized"intellectual, whose post-nationalist anti-imperialism is an attempt to sustain the Marxist anticolonial legacy in an era of neo-imperial consolidation. The article also considers how Said's anti-imperialism is shaped by the idiosyncrasies and unique challenges of the Palestinian anti-colonial struggle
[In Press] The mental health of Australians bereaved during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic : a latent class analysis
No full textBackground The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted many areas of life, including culturally accepted practices at end-of-life care, funeral rites, and access to social, community, and professional support. This survey investigated the mental health outcomes of Australians bereaved during this time to determine how these factors might have impacted bereavement outcomes. Methods An online survey indexing pandemic and bereavement experiences, levels of grief, depression, anxiety, and health, work, and social impairment. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify groups of individuals who shared similar symptom patterns. Multinomial regressions identified pandemic-related, loss-related, and sociodemographic correlates of class membership. Results 1911 Australian adults completed the survey. The LCA identified four classes: low symptoms (46.8%), grief (17.3%), depression/anxiety (17.7%), and grief/depression/anxiety (18.2%). The latter group reported the highest levels of health, work, and social impairment. The death of a child or partner and an inability to care for the deceased due to COVID-19 public health measures were correlated with grief symptoms (with or without depression and anxiety). Preparedness for the person's death and levels of pandemic-related loneliness and social isolation differentiated all four classes. Unemployment was associated with depression/anxiety (with or without grief). Conclusions COVID-19 had profound impacts for the way we lived and died, with effects that are likely to ricochet through society into the foreseeable future. These lessons learned must inform policymakers and healthcare professionals to improve bereavement care and ensure preparedness during and following future predicted pandemics to prevent negative impacts
Characterization of gastric dysfunction after fundoplication using body surface gastric mapping
No full textBACKGROUND: Adverse gastric symptoms persist in up to 20% of fundoplication operations completed for gastroesophageal reflux disease, causing significant morbidity and driving the need for revisional procedures. Noninvasive techniques to assess the mechanisms of persistent postoperative symptoms are lacking. This study aimed to investigate gastric myoelectrical abnormalities and symptoms in patients after fundoplication using a novel noninvasive body surface gastric mapping (BSGM) device. METHODS: Patients with a previous fundoplication operation and ongoing significant gastroduodenal symptoms and matched controls were included. BSGM using Gastric Alimetry (Alimetry Ltd) was employed, consisting of a high-resolution 64-channel array, validated symptom-logging application, and wearable reader. RESULTS: A total of 16 patients with significant chronic symptoms after fundoplication were recruited, with 16 matched controls. Overall, 6 of 16 patients (37.5%) showed significant spectral abnormalities defined by unstable gastric myoelectrical activity (n=2), abnormally high gastric frequencies (n=3), or high gastric amplitudes (n=1). Patients with spectral abnormalities had higher Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders-Symptom Severity Index scores than those of patients without spectral abnormalities (3.2 [range, 2.8-3.6] vs 2.3 [range, 2.2-2.8], respectively; P=.024). Moreover, 7 of 16 patients (43.8%) had BSGM test results suggestive of gut-brain axis contributions and without myoelectrical dysfunction. Increasing Principal Gastric Frequency Deviation and decreasing Rhythm Index scores were associated with symptom severity (r>.40; P<.05). CONCLUSION: A significant number of patients with persistent postfundoplication symptoms displayed abnormal gastric function on BSGM testing, which correlated with symptom severity. Our findings advance the pathophysiologic understanding of postfundoplication disorders, which may inform diagnosis and patient selection for medical therapy and revisional procedures