Islamic University of Gaza
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طرق استخلاص سموم البكتيريا الزرقاء من الوسط المائي والرواسب
No full textCyanotoxins are chemical compounds produced by cyanobacterial mats grown
in aquatic ecosystems. These may threaten human health and aquatic organisms. Extraction of these toxins is usually associated with many difficulties
due to their concentration in aquatic ecosystems. This study is designed to
provide suitable and effective extraction procedures that can effectively extract low concentration cyanotoxin from water and bacterial cells. The methodology is based on collecting raw material of cyanobacterial mats from
naturally growing sites such as Wadi Gaza along with 16 liters of aquatic surrounding media. The materials were left in the Lab for 24 - 48 h for stabilization of the mats. The floating mats were collected using special funnel and allowed to air drying. The aqueous phase was extracted by liquid/liquid extraction using solvent mixture (hexane + ethylacetate 10% w:w), and by liquid
solid extraction using several types of organoclays complexes. The solid phase
was extracted by acetone and ultrasonic device. Results showed some difficulties were associated with liquid/liquid extraction whereas effective and easy
extraction procedures were obtained by liquid solid extraction using either
organoclay complex or activated charcoal. In contrast combination of both
solid materials did not show improvement in the extracted cyanotoxin. Thus
we recommend the use of organoclays or activated charcoal separately for extracting cyanotoxin. Further improvement of extraction can be tailored by
using a specific organoclay complex that has some similarity in the chemical
structure between the pre-adsorbed organic cation to the clay mineral and the
chemical structure of cyanotoxin.الملخص بالعربي
Entamoebahistolytica or Entamoebadispar among children in Gaza, Gaza Strip? Journal of the Egyptian Society of parasitology 2005
No full textMost physicians in Gaza prescribe medicaments for patients suffering from Entamoeba histolytica/dispar without parasitologic giagnosis. Additionally, stool analysis performed by the routine methods usually reports the species as E. histolytica without confirmation. In this study, 92 stool specimens were collected and analyzed by wet mount. iron haematoxylin staining, antigen detection of E. histolytica and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The total number of E. histolytiaca identified by PCR was 64 (69.6%) that of E. dispar was 21 (22.8%). Mixed infection with both E. histolytica and E. dispar was evident in 7 specimens (7.6%). In the light of these results approximately 30% of suspected clinical amoebiasis cases were negative for E. histolytica. It is recommended to use PCR for diagnosis of stool specimens from patients with E. histolytica/dispar and that treatment should be prescribed for only patients positive for E. histolytica
Cryptosporidiosis Among Children Attending Al-Nasser Pediatric Hospital, Gaza, Palestine
No full textAim: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in patients with
diarrhea who attended Al-Nasser Pediatric Hospital in Gaza.
Materials and Methods: From January to May 2005, single stool specimens from each of 416 children attending Al-Nasser Hospital were examined by Ziehl Neelsen ( ZN stain and ELISA for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts.
Results: Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 62 ( 14.9% of the tested specimens by acid-fast staining technique and in 68 ( 16.3% using ELISA kit. The number of infected females was found to be significantly higher than males ( P = 0.03 . The highest number of infected children was observed in March. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides and Hymenolepis nana were the most common parasites detected ( 14.4%, 7.2%, 0.7% and 0.7%, respectively .
Conclusions: It is concluded that cryptosporidiosis still exists among children in Gaza. In addition, the diagnosis of protozoal parasites such as Cryptosporidium should draw more attention and should not be neglected due to its clinical importance
Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Fecal Samples from Hospitalized Patients and Non- Hospitalized Individuals in Gaza City.
No full textAims: Despite the use of vancomycin in Gaza, there are no available data concerning resistance against it. The study was carried out in order to determine the occurrence of vancomycin resistant enterococci ( VRE in Gaza City. subjects and methods: One hundred hospitalized patients from the medical and surgical intensive care unit ( ICU , pediatric ICU, renal units and hemato-oncology wards at Al Shifa and Al Naser hospitals wee screened for VRE fecal colonization. In addition, 100 non-hospitalized individuals from all over Gaza City were screened. Specimens were enriched and cultured on selective media for the isolation of enterococci. All isolates were idintified, and their minimum inhibitory concentration for vancomycin was determined. The suscepetibilities of the enterococci to vancomycin and other common antibodies were determined by the risk diffusion method. Results: Enterococci were found in 94% of the hospitilized patients and in 89% of non-hospitalized individuals. VRE were isolated from 69.1% and 43.8% of hospitalized and non-hospitalized individiuals, respectively. High rates of resistance to common antimicrobials used in human medicine were observed E. faecalis was observed to be predominant species recoverd among non-hospitilized individuals ( 34% , while among hospitalized patients, E. faecalis was the pedominant identified species ( 37% . Among both hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized individuals, E. faecalis has the highest resistant rate to vancomycin. Conclusion: Enterococci were isolated from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects in Gaza City, who have high rates of antibodies resistance, including against vancomycin. Strategies to promptly identify colonized patients should be designed and implemented in hospitals
The Awareness of Health Professionals in Diagnostic Techniques for Intestinal Parasites in Gaza Strip, Palestine
No full textBackground: Diagnosis of intestinal parasites still depends on conventional methods in Gaza strip hospitals and private laboratories. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the opinion and the practice of physicians and medical laboratories technologists towards the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in Gaza strip. Subjects and Methods: The study was carried out during the period from August 2006 to December 2006. All the subjects during this period were eligible for the interview. The sample size included 371 individuals out of them 270 physicians and 101 medical laboratory technologists (MLTs). Simple random sampling was used to select the physicians and MLTs from eight hospitals and eleven primary health‑care centers.
Results: It was found that (57.8%) 156/270 of physicians depend on the direct smear microscopy in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in Gaza, compared to (31.7% (32/101) of MLT. Knowledge about the possible correlation of occult blood with reasons other than the presence of intestinal parasites was evident among both physicians and MLTs, reaching over 80% (P = 0.08). It was found that (54.4%, 147/270) of physicians and (73.3%. 74/101) of MLTs depend on wet mount result for of Entamoeba histolytica diagnosis (P = 0.01).
Conclusion: Low awareness was found among both physicians and MLT regarding the diagnostic techniques used in the examination of intestinal parasites in Gaza Strip. Prescription of medicine by physicians sometimes depends on the clinical picture without laboratory confirmation. Advanced techniques were less used in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites in Gaza strip
Bacterial, viral and fungal genital tract infections in Palestinian pregnant women in Gaza, Palestine.
No full textBack ground: Pregnant women may be at high risk to be infected with one of sexually transmitted diseases. Of the sexually transmitted infections childbearing women, Chlamydia trachomatis, Human papilloma virus ( HPV and Candida albicans are of special importante. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Human papilloma virus ( HPV and Candida albicans among pregnant women attending child and mother health center in Gaza. Methods: The present study included 423 pregnant women aged 16 to 50 years old, who were attending child and mother care center in Gaza. Their complaints included vaginal discharge and signs suggestive of acute and chronic cervicitis. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Human papilloma virus ( HPV and Candida albicans was carried out using standard methods. Results: The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis was 35 ( 8.3% , Human papilloma virus 55 ( 13% and Candida albicans 22 ( 5.2% . Chronic cervicitis was highly correlated to HPV. The pregnant women >50 years of age were found to be the highest group infected with C.trachomatis, Human papilloma virus and C. albicans. Different results were obtained when STIs were correlated to years where some improvement in primary healthcare and privates clinics had been established as has been noticed lately in Gaza Strip, beside the easy accessible to these services for women. Conclusion: It is concluded that these sexually tranmitted infections are common among pragnant women in Gaza and that these need more investigations using advanced techniques