Islamic University of Gaza
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Prevalence of intestinal parasites among school children in Gaza City, Gaza Strip
No full textA total of 489 stool specimens were collected from school children aged 6-11 years. The target area is overcrowded, with improper sewage disposal system and low socioeconomic standards. A questionnaire was designed to include relevant informations. Each stool specimen was processed by the direct smear microscopy, zinc sulphate flotation technique and formol-ether sedimentation technique. The present study revealed an overall prevalence at 27.6%. Six parasites were detected. Giardia lamblia (62.2%) was the most frequent species found, followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (20.1%) then, Entamoeba histolytica (13.3%). The prevalence of these parasites was found to be related to age, socioeconomic and sanitation conditions. Most of the other parasitic infections were of mild intensity. There is an urgent need to correct the present situation by improving the living conditions, providing facilities for the population such as modern housing, proper sewage disposal system, health education and execution of survey programs for parasites to treat the infected persons
Distribution of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasites in household in Beit-lahia city, Gaza Strip, Palestine.
No full textA house hold survey included 1000 individuals from all ages was conducted in Biet-lahia, Palestine. Wet mount using saline and iodine and sedimentation techniques were used in detection of helminthes eggs and protozoan parasites. It was found that (72.9%) of examined individuals infected with different types of intestinal parasites. The highest helminth detected was
Ascaris lumbricoides (56%), followed by Strongyloides stercoralis (15.5%). Age and prevalence of intestinal parasites was found statistically significant. Level of education was found also to be correlated significantly with decreasing the infection. It is recommended to do annual campaigns for parasitological surveys searching for contaminated soils with Ascaris lumbricoides and Strongyloides stercorali
حدوث الطفيليات المعوية وخصائص النظافة بين مقدمي الأغذية في قطاع غزة-فلسطين
No full textBackground: The present study aimed at investigating the presence of intestinal parasites among food handlers in Gaza Strip.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out where a total of 214 stool samples were collected from food handlers. The study was performed in the period between October 2007 to April 2009. The stool samples were tested by wet mount using normal saline, Lugol’s iodine and sedimentation techniques using formalin and ether. A questionnaire was filled for each food handler including, age, residence, hygiene characters, work place and education level.
Results: The study revealed an overall prevalence of parasites in food handlers of 24.3%. The most common protozoan parasite was Entameba histolytica/dispar (19.2%). It was found that the age group 26-36 years had the highest prevalence of Giardia lamblia. It was found that city workers had the highest prevalence of intestinal parasites while camp workers had the lowest prevalence.
Conclusions: It is concluded that a high percentage of food handlers are infected with intestinal parasites. It is recommended that food handlers should be subjected to regular medical examination that includes stool analysis.هدف الدراسة الحالية للبحث في وجود الطفيليات المعوية بين مقدمي الأغذية في قطاع غزة- فلسطين. تم عمل دراسة مقطعية حيث تم جمع 214عينة براز من مقدمي الأغذية و أجريت الدراسة في الفترة الواقعة بين أكتوبر 2007 الى ابريل 2009. تم اختبار عينات البراز بطرائق مختلفة: الفحص المباشر للعينة باستعمال المحلول الملحي، و الصبغ بالايودين، و الترسيب بالايثر الفورمال، تم ملئ الاستبانة من كل مقدم أغذية و التي تشمل على معلومات مثل :العمر، مكان الاقامة ، خصائص النظافة، مكان العمل و مستوى التعليم. كشفت الدراسة ان نسبة الشيةع العامة للطفيليات بين مقدمي الأغذية وصلت الى 24.3% وكان الأكثر شيوعا طفيل المتحولة الحالة للنسيج / دسبار 19.2% . وجد أن الفئة العمرية 26-36 سنة كان لها أعلى معدل شيوع للجارديا اللمبلية. بينت الدراسة أن معدل شيوع الطفيليات كان أعلى بين مقدمي الأغذية المقيمين في المدينة بينما المقيمين في المخيم أقل شيوعا. خلصت الدراسة أن هناك نسبة عالية من مقدمي الأغذية مصابة بالطفيليات المعوية وبالتالي يوصى الباحثون أن يخضع مقدمي الأغذية لفحص طبي منتظم و الذي يتضمن تحليل عينة براز
فعالية خدمات الرعاية الحكومية والأهلية للنساء ضحايا العنف المبني على النوع الاجتماعي
Full text linkThe study aimed to determine the effectiveness of governmental and private care services for women victims of gender-based violence, as the researcher used the approach of a social survey by means of a comprehensive enumeration of all battered women benefiting from the Aman House for the Protection of Women as a governmental institution, and they number (49) women, and the beneficiaries of the Aisha Foundation for the Protection of Women. And children as a civil institution, and they number (47) women, by using the questionnaire tool to reveal the results of the study, the study reached results, the most prominent of which is that the level of speed and ease of procedures for women to obtain governmental and private social services is (medium) with a rate of (76.8%) for government services and a rate of (69.0) %) For civil services, and the level of adequacy of government and private services to satisfy the needs of battered women (medium) with a percentage (71.4%) for government services and a percentage (68.6%) for civil services. The results also showed that the level of consideration for human relations when providing government and private services to women is (medium) at a rate. (72.4%) for government services and a percentage (67.0%) for civil services, and that the level of continuity in providing government and private services to battered women is (medium) at a rate of (73.9%) for Government services and a rate of (72.2%) for civil services, and it was found that the level of governmental and civil services capacity to bring about positive changes for battered women is (medium) with a rate of (75%) for government services and a rate (75.7%) for civil services. The study also found statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of Care services for women victims of violence are attributable to the age variable for those whose ages were from (20 to less than 25 years) as well as to the variable of the type of violence that women face, especially psychological violence, while there are no statistically significant differences in the effectiveness of care services attributable to the variable of marital status or the variable of monthly income, In light of the results, the study recommends recommendations, the most important of which are providing the appropriate material, human and financial capabilities, developing the capabilities of the work team through training courses, workshops and meetings, learning about the latest means in providing integrated care for battered women, paying attention to a good system of supervision, guidance, follow-up and evaluation of services provided to women, and creating links with Academic institutions and research centers in order to engage academics with field specialists to provide the best services for battered women. .هدفت الدراسة إلى تحديد فعالية خدمات الرعاية الحكومية والأهلية للنساء ضحايا العنف المبني على النوع الاجتماعي، حيث أستخدم الباحث منهج المسح الاجتماعي بطريقة الحصر الشامل لجميع النساء المعنفات المستفيدات من مؤسسة بيت الأمان لحماية المرأة كمؤسسة حكومية وعددهن (49) إمراه، والمستفيدات من مؤسسة عايشه لحماية المرأة والطفل كمؤسسة أهلية وعددهن (47) إمراه، وذلك باستخدام أداة الاستبانة للكشف عن نتائج الدراسة، توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج كان من أبرزها أن مستوى سرعة وسهولة إجراءات حصول النساء على الخدمات الاجتماعية الحكومية والأهلية (متوسطة) بنسبه (76.8%) للخدمات الحكومية (69.0%) للخدمات الأهلية، وأن مستوى كفاية الخدمات الحكومية والأهلية لإشباع احتياجات النساء المعنفات (متوسطة) بنسبه (71.4%) للخدمات الحكومية (68.6%) للخدمات الأهلية، كما أظهرت النتائج أن مستوى مراعاة العلاقات الإنسانية عند تقديم الخدمات الحكومية والأهلية للنساء(متوسطة) بنسبه (72.4%) للخدمات الحكومية (67.0%) للخدمات الأهلية، وأن مستوى الاستمرارية في تقديم الخدمات الحكومية والأهلية للنساء المعنفات(متوسطة) بنسبه (73.9%) للخدمات الحكومية (72.2%) للخدمات الأهلية، وتبين أن مستوى قدرة الخدمات الحكومية والأهلية في إحداث التغيرات الإيجابية للنساء المعنفات (متوسطة) بنسبه (75%) للخدمات الحكومية (75.7%) للخدمات الأهلية، كما وجدت الدراسة فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في فعالية خدمات الرعاية للنساء ضحايا العنف تعزي لمتغير السن لمن كانت أعمارهم من (20إلى أقل من 25سنه) كذلك لمتغير نوع العنف الذي تواجهه النساء خاصة العنف النفسي، في حين أنه لا توجد فروق ذات إحصائية في فعالية خدمات الرعاية تعزي لمتغير الحالة الاجتماعية أو متغير الدخل الشهري، وفي ضوء النتائج توصي الدراسة بتوفير الإمكانيات المادية والبشرية والمالية المناسبة وتطوير قدرات فريق العمل من خلال الدورات التدريبية ورش العمل والاجتماعات والاطلاع على أحدث الوسائل في تقديم الرعاية المتكاملة للنساء المعننفات، والاهتمام بوجود نظام جيد للإشراف والتوجيه والمتابعة والتقويم للخدمات المقدمة للمعنفات، وخلق صلات مع المؤسسات الأكاديمية ومراكز البحوث من أجل إشراك الأكاديميين مع الأخصائيين الميدانيين لتقديم أفضل خدمات للنساء المعنفات
Development of shear capacity equations for RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC
No full textThe review of the literature and design guidelines indicates a lack of design codes governing the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). This study uses the results of a 3D finite element model constructed previously by the authors and verified against an experimental programme to gain a clear understanding of the shear strength of RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC by using different schemes. Experimental results found in the literature along with the numerical results for shear capacities of normal-strength RC and UHPFRC beams without stirrups are compared with available code design guidelines and empirical models found in the literature. The results show variance between the empirical models and the experimental results. Accordingly, proposed equations derived based on empirical models found in the literature were set to estimate the shear capacity of normal-strength RC beams without stirrups. In addition, the term 'shear span-to-depth ratio' is not considered in the equations for design guidelines found in the literature regarding the shear capacity of UHPFRC beams without stirrups. Consequently, a formula estimating the shear strength of UHPFRC and RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC plates and considering the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio is proposed and validated against an experimental programme previously conducted by the authors.The review of the literature and design guidelines indicates a lack of design codes governing the shear strength of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with ultrahigh-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC). This study uses the results of a 3D finite element model constructed previously by the authors and verified against an experimental programme to gain a clear understanding of the shear strength of RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC by using different schemes. Experimental results found in the literature along with the numerical results for shear capacities of normal-strength RC and UHPFRC beams without stirrups are compared with available code design guidelines and empirical models found in the literature. The results show variance between the empirical models and the experimental results. Accordingly, proposed equations derived based on empirical models found in the literature were set to estimate the shear capacity of normal-strength RC beams without stirrups. In addition, the term 'shear span-to-depth ratio' is not considered in the equations for design guidelines found in the literature regarding the shear capacity of UHPFRC beams without stirrups. Consequently, a formula estimating the shear strength of UHPFRC and RC beams strengthened with UHPFRC plates and considering the effect of shear span-to-depth ratio is proposed and validated against an experimental programme previously conducted by the authors
Mechanical and durability properties of high-performance mortar containing binary mixes of cenosphere and waste glass powder under different curing regimes
No full textThe construction industry is rapidly expanding due to urbanization and the growing economy. The consumption of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has enormously increased due to massive concrete demand. The rapidly growing demand for concrete production has increased environmental pollution immensely, and cement solely accounts for 8% of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. So, it is a dare need of this era to use supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) which are less carbon dioxide emitters in replacement of cement to reduce the environmental impact and to promote sustainable construction. In this respect, this study is based on the applicability of cenosphere (CS) and waste glass powder (WGP) communally as a cement replacement of 0%–20% with an increment level of 5% to prepare high-performance mortars. The combined effect of CS-WGP in the high-performance mortar is examined at two curing conditions (water and dry) and curing temperatures (20 °C and 80 °C). Several tests are conducted such as workability/fluidity, water absorption, compressive strength, acid attack, flexural strength, fire resistance, packing density, and drying shrinkage to evaluate the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of CS-WGP based mortars. Results indicated that water curing at elevated temperature (80 °C) is efficient than other curing conditions and temperatures. Moreover, it is also found that the applicability of CS has increased the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties. It is concluded that a 10% replacement of CS and WGP showed appreciable results against all mentioned properties.The construction industry is rapidly expanding due to urbanization and the growing economy. The consumption of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) has enormously increased due to massive concrete demand. The rapidly growing demand for concrete production has increased environmental pollution immensely, and cement solely accounts for 8% of the world's carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. So, it is a dare need of this era to use supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) which are less carbon dioxide emitters in replacement of cement to reduce the environmental impact and to promote sustainable construction. In this respect, this study is based on the applicability of cenosphere (CS) and waste glass powder (WGP) communally as a cement replacement of 0%–20% with an increment level of 5% to prepare high-performance mortars. The combined effect of CS-WGP in the high-performance mortar is examined at two curing conditions (water and dry) and curing temperatures (20 °C and 80 °C). Several tests are conducted such as workability/fluidity, water absorption, compressive strength, acid attack, flexural strength, fire resistance, packing density, and drying shrinkage to evaluate the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of CS-WGP based mortars. Results indicated that water curing at elevated temperature (80 °C) is efficient than other curing conditions and temperatures. Moreover, it is also found that the applicability of CS has increased the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties. It is concluded that a 10% replacement of CS and WGP showed appreciable results against all mentioned properties
Barriers of Occupational Safety Implementation in Infrastructure Projects: Gaza Strip Case
No full textInfrastructure projects are the foundation for essential public services and have an influential position in societal development. Although the role of infrastructure projects is substantial, they can involve complexities and safety issues that lead to an unsafe environment, and which impacts the project key stakeholders. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the barriers to implementing occupational safety in infrastructure projects in the Gaza Strip, which cause serious threats and reduce project performance. To evaluate the barriers, 39 items were highlighted and modified as per the construction context and environment, and which later were distributed in the form of a questionnaire, to get feedback from consultants and contractors. The analysis shows that in the safety policy barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “a contractor committed to an occupational safety program is not rewarded” first. In the management barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “safety engineer does not have significant powers, such as stopping work when needed” in the first place. In the behavior and culture barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “workers who are not committed to occupational safety are not excluded” in the first place. Overall, both consultants and contractors shared the same viewpoint in classifying the barriers in the working environment. The outcome of this study is beneficial for Palestinian construction industry policymakers, so they can monitor the highlighted barriers in on-going infrastructure projects and can modify the safety guidelines accordingly.Infrastructure projects are the foundation for essential public services and have an influential position in societal development. Although the role of infrastructure projects is substantial, they can involve complexities and safety issues that lead to an unsafe environment, and which impacts the project key stakeholders. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the barriers to implementing occupational safety in infrastructure projects in the Gaza Strip, which cause serious threats and reduce project performance. To evaluate the barriers, 39 items were highlighted and modified as per the construction context and environment, and which later were distributed in the form of a questionnaire, to get feedback from consultants and contractors. The analysis shows that in the safety policy barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “a contractor committed to an occupational safety program is not rewarded” first. In the management barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “safety engineer does not have significant powers, such as stopping work when needed” in the first place. In the behavior and culture barriers group, consultants and contractors both ranked the item “workers who are not committed to occupational safety are not excluded” in the first place. Overall, both consultants and contractors shared the same viewpoint in classifying the barriers in the working environment. The outcome of this study is beneficial for Palestinian construction industry policymakers, so they can monitor the highlighted barriers in on-going infrastructure projects and can modify the safety guidelines accordingly
Modelling of three tunable multichannel filters using Ag metal as a defect layer in a photonic crystal
No full text"Three optical multi-color flters are modelled in the current work. They are composed of
defective photonic crystals of two layers A and B and a defect layer C which is selected
as silver Ag. The three multi-color flters have the structures (ABA)(ABAC)N(ABA),
(ABAC)NABA, and (ABAC)N(BAB). The transmission spectra of the flters are investigated for diferent values of coupled defects (N). It is found that the three flters have several fltering channels. These channels are directly related to the number of coupled defects.
In the multi-color flters (ABA)(ABAC)N(ABA), (ABAC)NABA, and (ABAC)N(BAB), the
number of fltering channels is equal to N+1, N and N−1, respectively. With the increase
of N, the resonant peaks are blue shifted. These flters can be used efectively in preamplifcation, radio tuning to a specifc frequency, tone control in audio systems, equalization and signal processing circuits.""Three optical multi-color flters are modelled in the current work. They are composed of
defective photonic crystals of two layers A and B and a defect layer C which is selected
as silver Ag. The three multi-color flters have the structures (ABA)(ABAC)N(ABA),
(ABAC)NABA, and (ABAC)N(BAB). The transmission spectra of the flters are investigated for diferent values of coupled defects (N). It is found that the three flters have several fltering channels. These channels are directly related to the number of coupled defects.
In the multi-color flters (ABA)(ABAC)N(ABA), (ABAC)NABA, and (ABAC)N(BAB), the
number of fltering channels is equal to N+1, N and N−1, respectively. With the increase
of N, the resonant peaks are blue shifted. These flters can be used efectively in preamplifcation, radio tuning to a specifc frequency, tone control in audio systems, equalization and signal processing circuits.