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Analysis of proposed PCF with square air hole for revolutionary high birefringence and nonlinearity
No full text"A novel square shaped air hole based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed with three symmetrical rectangular
slots in the core region. A highly nonlinear material Gallium phosphide (GaP) is doped in the middle rectangular
slot to achieve high nonlinearity and birefringence as well. Finite element method (FEM) is used for numerical
investigation of the structure. Different optical parameters of the proposed PCF are calculated by varying its
geometrical parameters. The optical parameters are optimized for the core pitch (ΛC) value between the rectangular slots as 0.18 μm. From simulation results, it can be concluded that an ultra-high nonlinear coefficient and
birefringence values of 0.645 × 105 W− 1 km− 1 and 0.385 are achieved along with very low confinement loss and
effective area of 2.10 × 10-08 dB/m and 4.18 × 10− 13 m2
, respectively at the centre of communication wave-
length 1.55 μm. The core power fraction (CPF) is also found high as 98.056195% with extremely low effective
material loss (EML) of 0.018 cm-1. Moreover, scattering loss, beat length, numerical aperture (NA), V-parameter
and spot size have also been calculated. Therefore, the proposed PCF can be effectively used in single mode
polarization splitter, polarization maintaining fiber, solitons generator, four wave mixer, optical signal processing, bio-medical imaging and also in sensing applications.""A novel square shaped air hole based photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed with three symmetrical rectangular
slots in the core region. A highly nonlinear material Gallium phosphide (GaP) is doped in the middle rectangular
slot to achieve high nonlinearity and birefringence as well. Finite element method (FEM) is used for numerical
investigation of the structure. Different optical parameters of the proposed PCF are calculated by varying its
geometrical parameters. The optical parameters are optimized for the core pitch (ΛC) value between the rectangular slots as 0.18 μm. From simulation results, it can be concluded that an ultra-high nonlinear coefficient and
birefringence values of 0.645 × 105 W− 1 km− 1 and 0.385 are achieved along with very low confinement loss and
effective area of 2.10 × 10-08 dB/m and 4.18 × 10− 13 m2
, respectively at the centre of communication wave-
length 1.55 μm. The core power fraction (CPF) is also found high as 98.056195% with extremely low effective
material loss (EML) of 0.018 cm-1. Moreover, scattering loss, beat length, numerical aperture (NA), V-parameter
and spot size have also been calculated. Therefore, the proposed PCF can be effectively used in single mode
polarization splitter, polarization maintaining fiber, solitons generator, four wave mixer, optical signal processing, bio-medical imaging and also in sensing applications.
كشف طلبات التوظيف الالكترونية المفبركة باستخدام الشبكات العصبية
No full textOnline recruitment provides job-seekers an efficient search and reach for jobs. It also helps recruiters searching for qualified candidates which improves the recruitment process. However, employment scam has emerged as a critical issue. Some job posts are legitimate, and others are fraud. In this paper, an Artificial Neural Network based model is proposed to detect fraud job posts. The public Employment Scam Aegean Dataset (EMSCAD) is used with proper text preprocessing techniques for training and testing the proposed model. Our model has precision, recall, and f-measure of 91.84%, 96.02%, and 93.88% respectively. The results show that the proposed ANN-based model outperforms similar existing models in detecting fraud jobs.يوفر التوظيف عبر الإنترنت للباحثين عن عمل وصولا فعالاً للوظائف. كما أنه يساعد المعنيين في البحث عن المرشحين المؤهلين بحيث يحسن عملية التوظيف. ومع ذلك ، فقد ظهرت عملية احتيال التوظيف كمسألة حاسمة. بعض الوظائف مشروعة، والبعض الآخر احتيالي. في هذا البحث، تم اقتراح نموذج قائم على الشبكة العصبية الاصطناعية لاكتشاف وظائف الاحتيال. يتم استخدام قاعدة البيانات العامة (EMSCAD) مع تقنيات المعالجة المسبقة للنصوص لتدريب واختبار النموذج المقترح. يتميز نموذجنا بالدقة والاستدعاء والقياس f بنسبة 91.84٪ و 96.02٪ و 93.88٪ على التوالي. تظهر النتائج أن النموذج المقترح المستند إلى ANN يتفوق على النماذج الحالية المماثلة في اكتشاف الوظائف المفبركة
Universal dispersion curves of a planar waveguide with an exponential graded-index guiding layer and a nonlinear cladding
No full textA planar waveguide consisting of three layers is considered. The guiding layer is assumed of exponentially graded index of refraction. The cover layer is a nonlinear material of Kerr-type. The refractive index distribution of the film layer changes as an exponential function from the guiding layer to the substrate. The solutions of Helmholtz equation are found. They are written in terms of three parameters a, b and V. The solutions in the guiding layer and substrate are found as Bessel functions of order V ̅̅̅b√ . The characteristic equation is derived and the dispersion curves are plotted and analyzed. A set of attracting features are found such as there is no cut-off thickness corresponding to a symmetric waveguide structure. The b-values do not exceed unity. This means the dispersion curves refer to guided modes.A planar waveguide consisting of three layers is considered. The guiding layer is assumed of exponentially graded index of refraction. The cover layer is a nonlinear material of Kerr-type. The refractive index distribution of the film layer changes as an exponential function from the guiding layer to the substrate. The solutions of Helmholtz equation are found. They are written in terms of three parameters a, b and V. The solutions in the guiding layer and substrate are found as Bessel functions of order V ̅̅̅b√ . The characteristic equation is derived and the dispersion curves are plotted and analyzed. A set of attracting features are found such as there is no cut-off thickness corresponding to a symmetric waveguide structure. The b-values do not exceed unity. This means the dispersion curves refer to guided modes
Effectiveness of Group Support in Alleviating Anxiety, Depression, Stress Among Amputees in Gaza Strip
No full text"Background: According to Ministry of Health since the beginning of the great marches return (GMR) in March 2018, the
number of injured people 35.703, who had amputated limbs was 157 The amputees may experiences body images disturbances,
stress, depression, and anxiety, Many reviews and studies done to define the psychological burden of amputations, Social supports
received by different amputees is vital in structuring effective treatment plan as a holistic approach in treating these physically
disabled patients.
Aim: the objective of current study is to examine the efficacy of peer support group in alleviating the emotions state of
Depression, Anxiety and stress among amputees in Gaza strip.
Method: Using semi-experimental (pre, post and follow-up) design, 60 Amputees after assessment using DASS , assigned to
Peer Group Support (PGS). and its effect measured on the dependent variable, Emotional state of Depression, Anxiety and Stress.
Result: The prevalence of depression in the amputee is estimated to be (%59), anxiety is (59.6%), and stress is (%65.5), The
mean score of the patients’ depression, stress and anxiety before intervention was 1.8424 after the intervention of the peers group
support in the post test measurements was reduced to 0.8668 compared to that of pretest measurements which is significant in
value of (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that utilizing the peer group support is effective for alleviating the emotional state
of depression, stress and anxiety among patients with amputation.""Background: According to Ministry of Health since the beginning of the great marches return (GMR) in March 2018, the
number of injured people 35.703, who had amputated limbs was 157 The amputees may experiences body images disturbances,
stress, depression, and anxiety, Many reviews and studies done to define the psychological burden of amputations, Social supports
received by different amputees is vital in structuring effective treatment plan as a holistic approach in treating these physically
disabled patients.
Aim: the objective of current study is to examine the efficacy of peer support group in alleviating the emotions state of
Depression, Anxiety and stress among amputees in Gaza strip.
Method: Using semi-experimental (pre, post and follow-up) design, 60 Amputees after assessment using DASS , assigned to
Peer Group Support (PGS). and its effect measured on the dependent variable, Emotional state of Depression, Anxiety and Stress.
Result: The prevalence of depression in the amputee is estimated to be (%59), anxiety is (59.6%), and stress is (%65.5), The
mean score of the patients’ depression, stress and anxiety before intervention was 1.8424 after the intervention of the peers group
support in the post test measurements was reduced to 0.8668 compared to that of pretest measurements which is significant in
value of (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that utilizing the peer group support is effective for alleviating the emotional state
of depression, stress and anxiety among patients with amputation.
Properties of band gap for p-polarized wave propagating in a binary superconductor-dielectric photonic crystal
No full text"
A photonic crystal (PC) having the structure (AB)NA is investigated. A and B are superconductor
and dielectric layers, respectively. P-polarized (TM) wave is assumed to be incident on the PC.
The transmission of TM waves through the PC is studied with a focus on photonic band gap (PBG).
The change in the PBG is studied with the variation of different parameters of the super-
conducting layer such as temperature, critical temperature, thickness and London penetration
length. The angle of incidence dependence of the PBG is also investigated. The PBG band width at
half maximum (BWHM) decreases with increasing the incidence angle until Brewster angle is
reached where the band gap vanishes. The BWHM has shown the lowest dependence on temperature and critical temperature among the parameters of the superconducting layer. London
penetration length has the greatest effect on the BWHM among the parameters of the super-
conductor layer.""
A photonic crystal (PC) having the structure (AB)NA is investigated. A and B are superconductor
and dielectric layers, respectively. P-polarized (TM) wave is assumed to be incident on the PC.
The transmission of TM waves through the PC is studied with a focus on photonic band gap (PBG).
The change in the PBG is studied with the variation of different parameters of the super-
conducting layer such as temperature, critical temperature, thickness and London penetration
length. The angle of incidence dependence of the PBG is also investigated. The PBG band width at
half maximum (BWHM) decreases with increasing the incidence angle until Brewster angle is
reached where the band gap vanishes. The BWHM has shown the lowest dependence on temperature and critical temperature among the parameters of the superconducting layer. London
penetration length has the greatest effect on the BWHM among the parameters of the super-
conductor layer.
شبكة اتصالات بصرية سلبية متماسكة لـ 5G وما بعد
No full textBuilding low-latency and high-capacity optical networks is vital for new high-speed cellular technologies. Coherent wavelength division multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) are expected to play a key role in these ap-plications. In this article, an overview of PON technologies for the 5th generation (5G) transport systems has been given. Moreover, a modified scheme based on coherent WDM-PON has been investigated using a dual polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) transceiver. The aim of the scheme is to build a 1 600 Gbit/s network that will be used in the construction of the transport architecture of 5G and beyond cellular networks either in mobile front haul (MFH) or mobile back haul (MBH). The results indicate that the proposed scheme offers a promising solution for future 5G transport systems.يعد بناء شبكات بصرية ذات زمن انتقال منخفض وعالية السعة أمرًا حيويًا للتقنيات الخلوية الجديدة عالية السرعة. من المتوقع أن تلعب الشبكات الضوئية المنفعلة لتقسيم الطول الموجي المتماسك (WDM-PONs) دورًا رئيسيًا في هذه التطبيقات. في هذه المقالة ، تم تقديم نظرة عامة على تقنيات PON لأنظمة النقل من الجيل الخامس (5G). علاوة على ذلك ، تم التحقيق في مخطط معدل على أساس WDM-PON متماسك باستخدام جهاز إرسال واستقبال مزدوج الاستقطاب التربيعي الطور (DP-QPSK). الهدف من المخطط هو بناء شبكة 1600 جيجابت / ثانية تستخدم في بناء بنية النقل لشبكات الجيل الخامس وما وراء الشبكات الخلوية سواء في النقل الأمامي المتنقل (MFH) أو النقل الخلفي المتنقل (MBH). تشير النتائج إلى أن المخطط المقترح يقدم حلاً واعدًا لأنظمة النقل 5G المستقبلية
المثاليات الابتدائية على جبرلى
No full textIn this paper, we introduce and advance the basic theory of primary ideals for Lie algebras and investigate their properties in details illustrated by several examples. We give some characterizations for ideals to be primary ideals. We also introduce the concept of strongly irreducible ideals. We study the interrelations among primary, prime, semi-prime, strongly ir- reducible, irreducible and maximal ideals in Lie algebra. We show that the maximal ideal is primary ideal. We also show that the concepts of strongly irreducible, primary and prime ideals are all equivalent for prime radical ideals.في هذه الورقة ، نقدم ونطور النظرية الأساسية للمثل العليا لجبر الكذبة ونتحقق من خصائصها بالتفاصيل الموضحة من خلال عدة أمثلة. نعطي بعض التوصيفات للمُثُل لتكون مُثلًا أساسية. نقدم أيضًا مفهوم المثل العليا غير القابلة للاختزال. ندرس العلاقات المتبادلة بين المُثل الأولية ، الأولية ، شبه الأولية ، التي لا يمكن اختزالها بشدة ، وغير القابلة للاختزال ، والمُثُل القصوى في الجبر الكاذب. نظهر أن الحد الأقصى هو المثالي الأساسي. نظهر أيضًا أن مفاهيم المُثل العليا غير القابلة للاختزال والأولية والرئيسية كلها مكافئة للمثل العليا الراديكالية
Undiagnosed Depression among Hypertensive Individuals in Gaza: A Cross-sectional Survey from Palestine
No full text"BACKGROUND፡ The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysiswas performed to assess associations.
RESULTS: The prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patientdoctor
relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC.""BACKGROUND፡ The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza.
METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysiswas performed to assess associations.
RESULTS: The prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patientdoctor
relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC.
Undiagnosed Depression among Hypertensive Individuals in Gaza: A Cross-sectional Survey from Palestine
No full textBackground
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to assess associations.
Results
The prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patient-doctor relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association.
Conclusion
The prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC.Background
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to determine the associated factors of undiagnosed depression amongst hypertensive patients (HTNP) at primary health care centers (PHCC) in Gaza.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted including 538 HTNP as a recruitment phase of a clustered randomized controlled trial. Data were collected through face-to-face structured interview, and depression status was assessed by Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Data were analyzed by STATA version 14 using standard complex survey analyses, accounted for unresponsiveness and clustering approach. Generalized linear regression analysis was performed to assess associations.
Results
The prevalence of undiagnosed clinical depression was 11.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.1, 16.3). Moreover, prevalence of 15.4% (95% CI: 10.8, 21.6) was found for mild depression symptoms. We found that non-adherence to antihypertensive medications (AHTNM) (β = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.17, 1.7), having more health-care system support (β = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.6, 3.9) and number of AHTNM (β = 1.5, 95% CI: 0.6, 2.5) remain significantly positively associated with BDI-II score. On the other hand, older age (β = -0.1, 95% CI: -0.2, -0.02), having better social support (β = -6.8, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.7) and having stronger patient-doctor relationship (β = -4.1, 95% CI: -6.9, -1.2) kept significantly negative association.
Conclusion
The prevalence of undiagnosed depression was about one-quarter of all cases; half of them were moderate to severe. Routine screening of depression status should be a part of the care of HTNP in PHCC
قياس مدى معرفة النساء الفلسطينيات عن أعراض سرطان المبيض: دراسة مقطعية وطنية
No full text"Introduction: Ovarian cancer (OC) is often diagnosed at advanced stages. This study aimed to assess the Palestinian women’s knowledge about OC symptoms and determine the factors associated with having good knowledge.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to March 2020 in the two main areas of Palestine: the West Bank and Jerusalem as well as the Gaza Strip. A translated-into-Arabic version of the validated OC awareness measure (OCAM) was utilized for data collection. Stratified convenience sampling was used to recruit adult women attending hospitals, primary healthcare centers, and public spaces at 11 governorates. The knowledge level was categorized into three categories based on the number of symptoms recognized: poor (0 to 4), fair (5 to 8), and good (9 to 11).
Results: Of 6095 approached, 5618 participants completed the Arabic OCAM (response rate = 92.1%).A total of 5411 questionnaires were included in the analysis: 2278 from the Gaza Strip and 3133 from the West Bank and Jerusalem. Participants living in the West Bank and Jerusalem were older, of higher monthly income, and with more chronic diseases than those living in the Gaza Strip. The most frequently identified symptoms were ‘extreme generalized fatigue’ (n = 3821, 70.6%), ‘unexplained weight loss’ (n = 3607, 66.7%), and ‘increased abdominal size on most days’ (n = 3252, 60.1%). On the other hand, the least
recognized symptoms were ‘feeling full persistently’ (n = 1553, 28.7%) and ‘difficulty eating on most days’ (n = 1971, 36.4%).
Only 943 participants (17.4%) displayed good knowledge of OC symptoms. Participants from the Gaza Strip had a higher likelihood than participants from the West Bank and Jerusalem to have a good level of knowledge (21.0% vs. 14.8%). Being married, knowing someone with cancer, and visiting hospitals were all associated with a higher likelihood of having good knowledge level. However, living in the West Bank and Jerusalem was associated with a lower likelihood of having good knowledge.
Conclusion: The overall knowledge of OC symptoms in this study was low. Educational interventions are needed to improve Palestinian women’s knowledge about OC symptoms.""مقدمة: غالبًا ما يتم تشخيص سرطان المبيض في مراحل متقدمة. هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم معرفة المرأة الفلسطينية بأعراض سرطان المبيض وتحديد العوامل المرتبطة بالحصول بالمعرفة .
المنهجية: أجريت دراسة مقطعية في الفترة من تموز (يوليو) 2019 إلى آذار (مارس) 2020 في المنطقتين الرئيسيتين في فلسطين: الضفة الغربية والقدس وقطاع غزة. تم استخدام نسخة مترجمة إلى العربية من مقياس الوعي ذو المصداقة (OCAM) لجمع البيانات. تم جمع البيانات من عينات من النساء البالغات المتواجدات في المستشفيات ومراكز الرعاية الصحية الأولية والأماكن العامة في 11 محافظة. تم تصنيف مستوى المعرفة إلى ثلاث فئات بناءً على عدد الأعراض المعترف بها: ضعيف (0 إلى 4) ، متوسط (5 إلى 8) ، وجيد (9 إلى 11).
النتائج: أكمل 5618 مشاركًا اختبار OCAM باللغة العربية (معدل الاستجابة = 92.1٪) ، وشمل التحليل 5411 استبيانًا: 2278 من قطاع غزة و 3133 من الضفة الغربية والقدس. كان المشاركون الذين يعيشون في الضفة الغربية والقدس أكبر سناً ، وذوي دخل شهري أعلى ، ومصابين بأمراض مزمنة أكثر من أولئك الذين يعيشون في قطاع غزة. كانت الأعراض الأكثر تحديدًا هي ""التعب الشديد العام"" (العدد = 3821 ، 70.6٪) ، ""فقدان الوزن غير المبرر"" (العدد = 3607 ، 66.7٪) ، ""زيادة حجم البطن في معظم الأيام"" (العدد = 3252 ، 60.1٪ ). من ناحية أخرى ،كانت أقل الأعراض التي تم التعرف عليها ""الشعور بالشبع باستمرار"" (العدد = 1553 ، 28.7٪) و ""صعوبة الأكل في معظم الأيام"" (العدد = 1971 ، 36.4٪).
أظهر 943 مشاركًا فقط (17.4٪) معرفة جيدة بأعراض سرطان المبيض. كان لدى المشاركين من قطاع غزة احتمالية أعلى من المشاركين من الضفة الغربية والقدس في الحصول على مستوى جيد من المعرفة (21.0٪ مقابل 14.8٪). ارتبط الزواج ومعرفة شخص مصاب بالسرطان وزيارة المستشفيات بارتفاع احتمالية امتلاك مستوى معرفة جيد. ومع ذلك ، ارتبط العيش في الضفة الغربية والقدس بانخفاض احتمالية امتلاك المعرفة الجيدة.
الخلاصة: كانت المعرفة العامة لأعراض سرطان المبيض في هذه الدراسة منخفضة. هناك حاجة إلى التدخلات التعليمية لتحسين معرفة المرأة الفلسطينية بأعراض سرطان المبيض.