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Словообразовательная омонимия универбатов – производных от названий стран: опыт корпусного исследования
Get PDFThe article considers Russian nouns with the suffix -k(a) formed by means of univer- bization from adjectives - derivatives from the names of countries. On the basis of the Russian National Corpus (RNC) all meanings of these derivatives are determined, their usage frequency is counted, the time of appearance in the language is detected. The interaction of word-formation and semantic derivation in the investigated class of words is considered. The semantic subgroups of derivatives with the suffix under consideration are identified, their productivity is determined. Information from the Internet is used to confirm and supplement the data of the RNC. Comparison with the data of the dictionaries is carried out. The obtained results can be useful for lexicographers in the dictionary description of the lexico-semantic structure of the corresponding words
K eliptickej univerbizácii v slovenčine (typ krstný otec → krstný)
Get PDFThe univerbization realized by an ellipsis is one type of the univerbizative process. One interpretation of this univerbization stems from the theory of lexical motivation - it is a syntactic demotivation in favour of gaining a morphologic motivation, in a process called motivational determination (Olostiak 2011). We will analyse its relation to univerbization realized by derivation (e. g. hovadzie maso - hovadzina; beef). Further we will compare nouns converted from adjectives in adjective-noun connections, which have the status of a free word connection (adj. miestny [obyvatel’ > miestny; citizen; Dokulil 1982) that are not results of univerbization; and nouns converted from adjective-noun connections, which have the status of a lexicalized word connection and are results of univerbization (adj. krstny otec > krstny; god-father), because not every noun converted from an adjective is a result of univerbization. Is the lexicalization of an adjective-noun connection a guarantee that the adjective converted to noun is a result of univerbization? We will contemplate ellipsis and lexicalization in a language, as well as spontaneity and deliberateness
Графічно неадаптовані неозапозичення в сучасних українських ЗМІ
Get PDFThe article considers the peculiarities of graphically unadapted neoborrowings – their semantics, methods of implementing into the text, the variety of graphic form – based on the material of Ukrainian e-Media (2016-2018). Although nowadays the analysis of new borrowings is permanently in sight of Ukrainian scientists, the activity of borrowing process in the Ukrainian lauguage causes the actuality of studinig the problem mentioned above. The object of the research is words and patterns, which reproduce graphic peculiarities of the language, from which they were taken (English, as a rule), that is written in Roman alphabet. The subject of the research is their semantics and it’s implementing into the text. Matters under inquiry deal with different language levels (words, collocations, sometimes – sentences) and are foreign language inclusions and barbarisms. These lexemes and constructions may be used in the texts of mass media either without any explanation (mostly it occurs to the phenomena with relatively high regularity of usage in Ukrainian in comparision with other GUBs) or with translation and / or semantization – interpretation of the meaning. If GUBs haven`t exact equivalents in the Ukrainian language, their meaning can be described in the text, sometimes – quite extensively. Naturally, among GUBs, as in any other groups of borrowings, the most frequently used are English borrowings, but sometimes they can represent other foreign languages. The goal of using GUBs in the texts of contemporary mass media is to underline their belonging to another language – to stress the reality of another country or demonstrate that the author of the text is aware of English collocations. On the whole most of studied new borrowings got a chance to enter Ukrainian speech due to their semantic fullness and effect of the principle of linguistic economy
Анна Вежбицкая, слова и смыслы
Get PDFThis introduction to the Special Issue summarises Anna Wierzbicka’s contribution to the linguistic study of meaning. It presents the foundations of the approach known as the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) developed by Wierzbicka. The current state of the approach is discussed in the article with the ideas of 65 semantic primitives, universal grammar and the principle of reductive paraphrase in semantic explications. It traces the origin of Wierzbicka’s ideas to Leibniz. The framework has been tested on about thirty languages of diverse origin. The applications of the approach are broad and encompass lexical areas of emotions, social categories, speech act verbs, mental states, artefacts and animals, verbs of motion, kinship terms (among others), as well as grammatical constructions
Montenegrin-Albanian Linguistic Border: In Search of “Balanced Language Contact”
Get PDFThe article aims to clarify the notion of “balanced language contact” and to model the situation of a language contact (in the present and the past) in one of the ethnically and linguistically mixed regions of the Montenegrin-Albanian linguistic border. The study focuses on the situation in the bilingual community of thevillageofVelja Gorana, located in the area of Mrkovići inSouthern Montenegro. The community of the village, as it seems at a first glance, provides a good example of a “balanced contact” situation.
The language situation in Velja Gorana is described in the article as a set of micro-situations, or scenarios, developing on family and individual levels. Attention is paid not only to the communication in the family domain, but also to the external relations of the community members. Following on from this material, the authors attempt to develop a methodology for assessing the role of both languages in such communities in general, showing which factors influence individual linguistic behavior; how this behavior may change during an individual lifetime; how the different speakers’ strategies amalgamate in what can be considered as behavior of a multilingual speech community.
Analyzing the information on the history of Velia Gorana, in particular, conducting a detailed examination of the origins, genealogies and marriage strategies of its families, allows the authors to reconstruct the mechanisms for the development of “linguistic exogamy” in the community of Velja Gorana and to make assumptions about the nature of the contact situation in this region in the past
Фразеологични иновации в българския и полския език
Get PDFIn the article, we will examine phraseological innovations in Bulgarian and Polish by comparison. We provide the definition of neophraseologism and we present the mechanism of the appearance of new phraseological units. We will pay particular attention to the trends in the development of phraseology and the sources of enrichment of phraseology in the studied languages. These trends include: naming new social, economic, and technological phenomena with phraseological units. The expansion of the colloquial language can be observed in Bulgaria and Poland. The penetration of the language of various social groups, slang, the language of advertising and media discourse, the language of public figures and the language of subcultures into the mainstream has had a significant impact on neologization. The other sources of new phraseological units are calques from Western European languages, especially Anglo-Americanism. Additionally, we are looking into metaphorization, hiperbolization, alogization, concealed antonymy as well as language games and jokes and creating new phraseological units based on homophony or rhyme in language
До питання про ґенезу чишийських говірок
Get PDFThe article deals with the basic phonetic, morphological and lexical features of the dialect of the village Gorodne (the previous name was Chiyshiya), Bolgrad district of the Odessa region. The research of rare features of Chiyshiya dialect allows to determine its genesis and place among other Bulgarian resettlement dialects in Ukraine and in the metropolis. The purpose of the study is to determine phonetic, morphological and lexical features that enable to determine the type of dialect. The object of the research is the Bulgarian resettlement dialects of the South of Ukraine, the subject of the research is the dialect of the village Gorodne (Chiyshiya). The material was collected during the expeditions in the village Gоrodne and from the dictionary of the village of Kalchevo, where also the speakers of the Chiyshiya dialect live. The main methods of research are descriptive, comparative and semantic-etymological analysis of the studied lexemes. The study found that the largest number of common features in the phonetic and lexical system of the Chisinau dialect has the southeastern and southwestern dialects of the metropolis. Composing of the dictionary of Bulgarian resettlement dialects in Ukraine and the dictionary of Balkanisms is possible practical implementation of the research results. In the research we have come to the following conclusions. We have come to the following results. The Chiyshiya dialect does not belong to the northeastern Bulgarian dialects, it contains a number of features of the ъ- type Balkan languages, southeast and even the southwest Bulgarian dialects. The largest number of phonetic, grammatical and lexical similarities is recorded in the Rupski and southwest Bulgarian dialects. A striking example of this is the presence of iterative verbs, which are recorded by Bulgarian dialectologists mainly in southwest dialects. Iterative verbs are one of the characteristic features of the Rupski dialects. They are recorded in the East Macedonian and the Solunski dialects. Archaic types of iterative verbal forms are formed by the type of old infinitive foundations -ova-, -ieva, that is from suf. -ова (in dialects -ува): казовам, видьовам, пцовам (псувам), плодновам, празновам, легновам. Some of them existed in the Old Bulgarian language: миновам, заминовам, поминовам, заникновам, etc. The softness of the consonants (such as шел’чи, казан’чи, мийун’чи, мъл’ч’ешна вудъ, гъл’чъ, etc.) in the Chiyshiya dialects and the stability of the consonant в are characteristic features of the south-western Bulgarian and some of Rupski dialects. A characteristic feature of the Rupski and Chiyshiya dialects is also the двадам, доходам (in the Chiyshiya dialect - дувадъм - дохождам), сятам (усещам), флявам (влизам), испъдам, фатам, etc., which also occur in the Rhodopes. To lexical rarities of dialect of the village Gorodne Urban belongs to the lexemes: кутел 'mortar'; кутле 'little finger'; пипон 'melon', кълвун 'beak', кръстачки 'a kind of product from dough', ирмик 'belt', бурдел 'cellar', върбило 'bucket handle', кулкуш 'doghouse', чавре 'embroidered nose handkerchief', мумари 'participants of the wedding ceremony', колдзури 'a kind of embroidery', and others. Only in the village Gorodne was recorded the great holiday-procession - напрът, the names of products from the dough - тутманик, дърпъници, кръстатки. The verb гълча 'to talk' is used in the Chiyshiya dialect dialects. For the Chiyshiya dialect, a loanword from the Greek is also typical: гиран 'well', пипон 'melon', and кутел 'wooden mortar'. Only in the Chiyshiya group of dialects we find the lexeme магалка, маалка (corn stalks), which is recorded mostly in the southeastern and southwestern Bulgarian dialects. Much of the lexical rarities are the names of clothing and ornaments: манофел, антерия, джубе, казакиня, кюрк, гашти на вуркузун, ферджа, баска, чепрази, etc. They are mostly borrowed from Turkish language. The Conclusion. It is necessary to research deeply the vocabulary of the Bulgarian resettlement dialects in terms of linguistic geography and history in order to determine their long-standing ties with other South Slavic dialects and to trace a chronology of common elements
Спискомания, или Каталоги как прием (с примерами из поэзии и прозы, классической и современной, западной и русской)
Get PDFThe paper deals with the examples of lists and catalogues in the world literature and poetry
Antropocentryzm w języku i kulturze Słowian: Antropocentrizm w jazyke i kul'ture, otv. red. S. M. Tolstaja, Moskva: „Indrik”, 2017, 264 s. Biblioteka Instituta Slavjanovedenija RAN
Get PDFA review of the book Antropocentrizm w jazyke i kul'ture, otv. red. S. M. Tolstaja, Moskva: „Indrik”, 2017, 264 s. Biblioteka Instituta Slavjanovedenija RA