1942 research outputs found
Sort by
Активні процеси словотворення в сучасній українській мові: динаміка словотвірного гнізда з префіксоїдом вело-
Get PDFThe article is devoted of the question of studying dynamics of the family of words with the prefixoid вело- as an example of an active modern trend development of the Ukrainian language in derivation. The author proves of this problem being adequate, actual and perspective. The active modern trend development of the Ukrainian language in derivation of different years outlined and defineed in works by N. F. Klymenko, Ye. A. Karpilovska, L. P. Kyslyuk, K. H. Horodenska, O. A. Styshov and other. The purpose of our research is to study dynamics of the family of words with the prefixoid вело- as an example of an active modern trend of the Ukrainian language in derivation. The object of the research is proper functioning derivation of the Ukrainian language. The subject of our research is dynamics of the family of words with the prefixoid вело- as an example of an active modern trend development of the Ukrainian language in derivation. To teach the aim we should solve such problems: outline the derivative words with the prefixoid вело- in dictionaries of different years and in modern mass media; to study characteristic of the development of the family of words with the prefixoid вело- and what causes its formation
Konwencjonalne peryfrazy zastępujące antroponimy w ujęciu kontrastywnym (na przykładzie polskich wyrażeń omownych i ich chorwackich odpowiedników)
Get PDFThe focal issue of the present paper is the conventional periphrasis as an object of contrastive research. Such expressions may have different cross-linguistic equivalents, including full, partial, parallel and zero counterparts. The present paper aims to discuss Polish periphrastic expressions and their Croatian equivalents in order to determine and analyze the relations between the units in question. The Polish units (165) are lexicographically attested, while their Croatian counterparts have been determined on the basis of dictionaries, corpora and interviews with native speakers of the Croatian language. The conventional periphrasis have not been researched from this perspective and the results may be useful for Polish-Croatian lexicography. The study shows that zero equivalents constitute the biggest group (91), followed by full equivalents (61) with significantly less numerous groups of partial and parallel counterparts (respectively: 5 and 8)
Русские конструкции с синтаксической редупликацией цветообозначений: корпусное исследование
Get PDFRussian reduplicated constructions with colour terms have never previously been an object of a comprehensive corpus study. Nevertheless, they present considerable interest for a researcher because comparative ability of colour terms to be reduplicated reflects their semantic and pragmatic differences, whereas semantics and pragmatics of reduplication construction are revealed in the properties of colour terms that can fill its slots. Thus, the goal of the paper is to study semantic and pragmatic properties of Russian colour terms and Russian syntactic reduplication construction by analyzing their co-occurrence. We apply corpus methods to the data from the Russian National Corpus, RuTenTen Corpus on Sketch Engine and RuSkell corpus. We analyze absolute corpus frequencies and collocation patterns of Russian non-reduplicated colour terms, as well as their relative frequencies and collocation patterns in the construction of syntactic reduplication with a hyphen (belyj-belyj ‘white-white, very white, spotlessly white’). Drawing on this data, we establish that absolute frequencies of non-reduplicated colour terms in Russian reflect both Anna Wierzbicka’s “universals of visual semantics”, as well as certain language and culture-specific tendencies, as evidenced by the prominence of goluboj ‘light blue’ and ryzhij ‘carroty-red’ in Russian. We also argue that the Russian reduplication construction with a hyphen (belyj-belyj ‘white-white) is semantically and prosodically different from the construction of repetition with a comma (belyj, belyj ‘white, white’). The former has the meaning of high degree, and thus attracts only gradable colour terms, such as belyj ‘white’, chernyj ‘black’, sinij ‘medium to dark blue’, and other basic colour terms. There are additional factors that influence colour term reduplication. Collocation patterns suggest that colour terms that co-occur with the names of culturally and cognitively salient objects, such as denotations of human appearance (face, hands, skin, eyes, hair) or landscape features (sea, sky, fire, grass) are more likely to be reduplicated. Moreover, aesthetic or emotional evaluation of such objects (‘blue-blue eyes’, ‘green-green grass’) is also a factor that is conducive to their occurrence in the construction of reduplication. Our findings establish the importance of corpus methods in the study of colour terms and reduplication, demonstrate that the use and interpretation of lexical and syntactic items hinges both on semantic and pragmatic factors, and add to the understanding of semantics and pragmatics of Russian colour terms and reduplication construction
ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКВИВАЛЕНТНОСТЬ В ПЕРЕВОДЕ ФИЛОСОФСКИХ ТЕКСТОВ
No full textThe paper zeroes in on the problem of equivalence with regard to translating philosophical texts which have so far been marginalized in translation theory in comparison to other sorts of (non-)literary translation. The paper primarily aims to describe the current translator practice in the field of philosophy and disclose why philosophical discourse is rendered in the unique way it is. The goal of the paper is also to recommend good practice in the ambit of philosophical translation. Drawing on Nida’s equivalence theory, the authors of this paper prioritize formal equivalence over dynamic one, which is connected with the specific nature of philosophical discourse. To this end, pertinent extracts from David Hume’s A Treatise of Human Nature with a special focus on philosophical terminology have been compared with their published Slovak, German and Czech translations. The present paper draws first and foremost on the methods of comparative textual analysis and utilizes elements of translation quality assessment models by House (1997; 2015). The terminological research is conducted from the position of induction as it involves the elaboration of theory from the analysed terms. The comparative analysis suggests that the form and function of philosophical discourse is interconnected to such a degree that the form even constitutes a part of the text’s function. The results of our analytical probe may be used as a springboard for deeper, quantitatively-oriented terminological-translational research
Algorithms of comic texts construction
Get PDFThe paper deals with semiotic characteristics of comic texts construction. It is aimed at analyzing semantic, pragmatic and syntactic properties of jokes so as to find out models of comic texts comprehension. The material for the analysis comprises ca. 1000 jokes of various kinds including funny short narratives (in Russian these are named ‘anecdotes’), humorous aphorisms and demotivators as a new genre of internet communication. Semantic and pragmatic mechanisms of comic texts differ, though methodologically they make inseparable unity, according to A. Wierzbicka. Semantically, comic texts represent caricature pictures of the reality concerning objects, time and space dimension of events and positions of agents. They may be described in terms of denotative and significative incongruences. Pragmatically, such mechanisms form evaluative and argumentative divergence between usual and given states of affairs which manifest themselves as collisions of interpretation scripts. Syntactically, comic texts may be interpreted in terms of their narrative, or descriptive or argumentative correlation with corresponding non-comic texts. Two models of such texts interpretation are discussed. The first one is dictal in its essence and is based on disagreement between the planes of reality as shown in the text, whereas the second one is modal and it reflects an incongruity between reality and the view of it. The dictal model includes such techniques as repetition, juxtaposition and reversing of agents positions, the modal model can be traced in jocular periphrasis, precedent text parodies, and comic allusions. The dictal model is oriented towards semantic disagreement between various aspects of reality, the modal model concerns mostly pragmatic and syntactic aspects of a comic world view. Modern communicative practice as represented in the Internet network communities is focused on self-representation and various jokes are inherent part of this objective. The jokes are often based on incongruity between theme and rheme in the message content and disagreement between image and text in its form
О ПРИНЦИПИАЛЬНЫХ РАЗЛИЧИЯХ МЕЖДУ РУССКИМИ ГРАММАТИКАМИ ДЛЯ РЕЦЕПЦИИ И ДЛЯ ПРОДУКЦИИ
Get PDFАвтор, рассматривая лингвистические основания для обеспечения рецептивных и продуктивных действий на русском языке, утверждает, что как при рецепции, так и при продукции речь прежде всего идет о соотношении языка и объективной действительности. О той действительности, которая прячется как часть «дано» за словами (лексика), словоформами (грамматика) в предложении и/или высказывании при рецепции и которую «требуется воплотить» в языковых формах при продукции. Утверждая принципиальную разницу между грамматическими характеристиками, ориентированными на сочетаемость (род, падеж имен) и ориентированными на действительность (число существительных; наклонение, время глаголов), автор утверждает, что в процессе рецепции все они должны быть непременно осмыслены на предмет соотносительности/несоотносительности с реальной действительностью, а в процессе продукции никогда, кроме вырожденных случаев, они не выступают в качестве цели речевой деятельности, оставаясь или средством для выражения замысла производителя речи, или регулятором собственно языковых правил
Каталог семантических переходов: 20 лет спустя
Get PDFThe article summarizes the goals and the current state of the Catalogue of sematic shifts (CSSh), its primary notions being those of a semantic shift, which is understood as a relation of cognitive proximity between two linguistic meanings, and a realization of a semantic shift, i.e. one polysemic word or a pair of cognate words of the same language or different languages that act as “exponents” of this relation. The typology of semantic shifts occupies a position at the crossroad of semantic, lexical and grammatical typologies, overlapping each of these areas of study in terms of linguistic data and methods used; however, the domain of CSSh does not coincide with any of them. The framework of CSSh provides the theoretical foundation for identifying recurring cross-linguistic semantic shifts, and collecting them in the Database of Semantic Shifts for further analysis. The article demonstrates that the notion of semantic shift as defined in CSSh is just a formalization of an instrument of linguistic analysis that is already quite common in various areas of linguistics. Semantic shift provides a basis for the notion of semantic parallel used in the historical linguistics and etymology, for motivational models in word-formation, it is a central notion for grammaticalization theory; finally, semantic shift is one of various types of implicit meanings (along with presuppositions and connotations) that shape the “linguistic model of the world”. Linguistic data contained in the Database of Semantic Shifts can be used in all these areas, in order to provide semantic plausibility criteria for linguistic reconstruction, to act as empirical evidence for cognitive mechanisms of linguistic conceptualization, to aid in identifying specific features of the semantic system of a given language or group of languages
O różnych wariantach definicji leksykograficznej – od taksonomii do kognitywizmu
Get PDFThe study compares the methods of defining concepts proposed by Anna Wierzbicka and Jerzy Bartmiński. Two variants of the maximal definition are identified: the extended variant, where the definition assumes the form of a narrative explication (Bartmiński), and the synthetic variant, with condensed content of the full definition (Wierzbicka, Bartmiński). Similarities and differences in the approaches of the two scholars to the problem of defining are discussed. The similarities include: the idea that a full understanding of a concept should be accounted for, the proposal that all linguistically, culturally, and communicatively relevant features be reconstructed, a facet-based ordering of the defining sentences, the importance of linguistic evidence for the features being included in the definition. The differences are identified in: the language being used, the use made of the data, the approach to the stability of features in the concept being defined, the ultimate shape (static or dynamic) of the reconstructed image
Wartości w litewskim językowo-kulturowym obrazie świata: Kristina Rutkovska, Marius Smetona, Irena Smetoniene, Vertybes lietuvio pasaulevaizdyje [Wartości w litewskim językowym obrazie świata], Vilnius: Akademine leidyba, 2017, 300 s.
Get PDFA review of Kristina Rutkovska, Marius Smetona, Irena Smetoniene, Vertybes lietuvio pasaulevaizdyje [Wartości w litewskim językowym obrazie świata], Vilnius: Akademine leidyba, 2017, 300 s
Универбация как вид компрессивного словообразования в современных русском, польском и чешском языках
Get PDFThe article is devoted to Russian, Polish and Czech univerbs with “universal” suffixes -K(q)/-k(a), -oeK(q)/-owk(q)/ -ovk(q) detected using the search engines YANDEX and GOOGLE. The thematic groups of the univerbs are examined in a comparative plan, the peculiarities of the univerbs are revealed, the “clean” and “complicated” types of the univerbation are defined