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An Old Believer’s confessional questionnaire from Latgale: linguocultural analysis of the text
Get PDFDuring the expedition to the Old Believers in Latgale (Latvia) a group of Slavists investigating the Russian language of Old Believers abroad got a scanned copy of the confessional questionnaire as a present from Basil Trishkin, a mentor of Gayok Old Believers’ House of Prayer (Daugavpils). This questionnaire is used by Basil Trishkin during confessions in conversations with the parishioners. As the study of the manuscript revealed the questionnaire according to its content, structure and features of language dates back to the pre-Raskol texts of the XѴII century. The next expedition, 2017, confirmed the assumption that the questionnaire is a part of the Old Believer’s prayer book. The expeditions did not pursue archeographic objectives, the conversations with mentors were mostly focused on prohibitions and prescriptions in the Old Believers’ community in Latgale for the purpose of its further sociolinguistic and ethnolinguistic analysis. Nevertheless the scanned manuscript certainly deserves attention as a piece of the Old Believers’ written culture. On the one hand, the Old Believer’s prayer book is written in Church Slavonic. On the other hand, the scanned manuscript is a source of information about the Latgalian Old Believers’ Russian language as a language for everyday communication, including lexical and other dialect features. The oral comments of the mentors Basil Trishkin and Ioann Zhilko about prohibitions in the Old Believers’ community, use of the questionnaire in the practice of worship and opportunities to pass it on to a group of researchers, with subsequent publication of the text, are particularly noteworthy
Отцы и дети: ценности межпоколенческого общения
Get PDFMiędzynarodowa konferencja naukowa: Jedność w różnorodności. Wokół słowiańskiej aksjosfery. EUROJOS XIV (11−13 września 2018) ‒ zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy 800/P-DUN/2018 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę
Z dziecięcych refleksji nad językiem
Get PDFThe study proposes a linguistic analysis of children’s utterances with regard to their (linguistic and metalinguistics) reflection on the language they acquire. The aim of the analysis is to find out at what level and in what aspects children observe speech and how they talk about language. Metalinguistic reflection has been a subject of psychological research but there is little such reflection from the linguistic perspective relating to children. Psychologists are divided on the issue of (meta)linguistic awareness, therefore the assumption can be made that for linguistic behaviour to be considered metalinguistic it must be performed consciously, it must involve reflective thinking, and the intention to control one’s actions. The empirical part of the study, i.e., an analysis of a corpus of children’s reflective utterances about language, has led to the following conclusions: children think of what and how they say, they analyse their own utterances and those of others. Their reflective thinking functions at various levels of linguistic organization: phonological, lexical, syntactic, morphological. They pay attention to collocations, identify registers and lexis-based styles, play with words and their meanings. Without a conceptual framework at their disposal, they can devise their own
Foreground and Background in a Narrative: Trends in Foreign Linguistic and Translation Studies
Get PDFThe review accumulates the information on the Theory of Grounding and Saliency Hierarchy (based on publications that have not been translated into Russian) and describes the main modern trends in the study of grounding. The Theory of Grounding, designed in the last quarter of the 20th century, has since then been developing within linguistic, narratological, cognitive and translation studies, being applied to texts of various genres in many languages. Early works in this sphere elaborated the criteria characterizing the relative grounding of the clauses in the narrative (based on temporal sequentiality and transitivity), while later research, focusing on the wider range of texts including free indirect discourse and non-sequential prose, highlighted the subjectivity of grounding, including criteria of human importance and unpredictability into the analysis of the salient clauses. As a result the Theory of Grounding has contributed to various coexisting trends in the scientific research concerning subordination of clauses and anaphoric relations in texts on the one hand, and deixis, evaluation and perspective on the other. Touching upon these trends in the review, we pay special attention to the analysis of grounding within translation studies: the researchers focus on transitivity in translation, revealing and explaining the cases of non-intentional and purposeful changes in transitivity made by translators. The analysis of the deictic center shifts in original texts and their translations also contributes to our knowledge of grounding devices. Out of all publications, our special attention is drawn to the studies of grounding that employ Russian-language narrative materials
Towards a Semantic Analysis of Russian Discourse Markers: pozhaluj, nikak, vsjo-taki
Get PDFInvestigation of discourse markers has been an actively developing trend of linguistic research in the recent decades. The paper presents an analysis of three Russian discourse markers (pozhaluj, nikak and vsjo-taki, all untranslatable into English). It applies an approach which integrates the experience of explicating meaning of a lexical unit of different frameworks of semantic analysis. The research is based on the National Corpus of Russian (http://ruscorpora.ru/). It demonstrates that the discourse marker pozhaluj introduces the opinion formed by the speaker as the result of a personal choice between two or several alternatives: the opinion is accompanied by doubts that do not lose relevance even after the decision is made. In the speech register the speaker is the subject of evaluation; in the narrative pozhaluj, as well as vsjo-taki, may undergo hypotactic or narrative projection. The discourse marker nikak expresses an assumption made on the basis of a directly perceivable situation accompanied by astonishment; it is used mainly in interrogative sentences, in particular in those that do not necessarily require an answer; it can also be used in affirmative sentences. Nikak is primarily egocentrical: it can only have the speaker as its assumed subject and it allows neither hypotactic nor narrative projection. The semantics of vsjo-taki includes five components: opinion W; opinion not-W; an argument in favor of the opinion W; an argument in favor of the opinion not-W; the fact confirming opinion W. In an affirmative sentence three classes of uses are distinguished depending on which of the components is prominent: opinion W, the fact substantiating opinion W or the argument in favor of W. In interrogative and imperative sentences vsjo-taki acts upon the illocutionary constituent of the utterance. Such discourse markers as skoree vsego, navernoe, neuzheli, nebos’, chto, chto li, taki are taken into consideration because under certain conditions they are quasi-synonymous to pozhaluj, nikak and vsjo-taki. Our study offers the prospect of an integral research of discourse words that allows the researcher to combine methods of classical semantic analysis, contextual-semantic method, conceptual analysis and narratology. The obtained results contribute to further development of the semantic theory; they can be used in lexicography and in practice of teaching the Russian language
Polskie dwudziestowieczne przekłady Osmana Ivana Gundulicia
Get PDFIn this paper, I would like to present the story of two Polish 20th century translations of Osman by baroque poet Ivan Gundulić. In the production process of the translation there were involved three main actors: Croatian initiator of the whole process, Julije Benešić, and the two translators, Czesław Jastrzębiec-Kozłowski and Jerzy Pogonowski
Kontrola słów kluczowych w indeksowaniu i wyszukiwaniu informacji
Get PDFKeywords management in information indexing and retrieval
Abst ract
This article concerns selected issues relating to the methods of vocabulary management
in the processes of information indexing and retrieval, based on the use of keywords. The aim
is to present the results of a review of literature on the subject, published mainly after 2010,
and to discuss the state of research and prospects in this field. The study relies on critical
analysis of literature on the subject. The obtained picture of the research field in question is
an important stage in designing further studies in this area.
Abst rakt
Przedmiotem artykułu są wybrane problemy dotyczące sposobów kontroli słownictwa
w procesach indeksowania i wyszukiwania informacji za pomocą słów kluczowych. Celem
publikacji jest prezentacja wyników przeprowadzonego rekonesansu literaturowego publikacji,
które ukazały się na ten temat, głównie po 2000 roku, ukazująca stan badań i perspektywy
badawcze w tym zakresie. W ustaleniu stanu badań posłużono się metodą analizy i krytyki
piśmiennictwa. Uzyskany w wyniku przeprowadzonych badań obraz eksplorowanej problematyki
badawczej stanowi ważny etap w projektowaniu dalszych badań w tym zakresie
O gramatycznych i leksykalnych wykładnikach pojęcia liczby w polszczyźnie
Get PDFThe study is based on the assumption that human cognition is closely linked with natural language. One can therefore ask what conceptual content has found its way into linguistic expression, in what form it is expressed, and what motivates that expression. The study is concerned with the linguistic manifestation of the concept of number (one of the most important categories of human thinking), through grammatical (morphological, syntactic and lexical), highly conventionalised means. Elementary numerical meanings encoded in Polish include ‘one’ and ‘more than one’ (in former stages of the language also ‘two’), corresponding to first numerical concepts comprehensible to humans (both in the historical and the individual sense). Those meanings are obligatorily expressed by all speakers of Polish and their markers are inflectional morphemes that play a role – in accordance with the norm – in all inflected parts of speech. That numerical opposition is also broadly expressed at the world-formational plane: there exist special morphemes that code the singularity of something (e.g. grosz-ek ‘pea’) or the collectivity of items (e.g. pierz-e ‘feathers; plumage’). Similarly, specific morphemes accentuate the singularity of an event (e.g. kaszl-ną-ć ‘to cough once’) or the multitude (multiplication) of actions (e.g. na-obierać ‘peel a lot of’, po-wynosić ‘take out many/all’ the items)
O sztuce reportażu: Aneta Wysocka, Fakty – język – podmiotowość. Stylistyczne osobliwości reportaży Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2016, 278 s.
Get PDFA review of Aneta Wysocka, Fakty – język – podmiotowość. Stylistyczne osobliwości reportaży Ryszarda Kapuścińskiego, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2016, 278 s
Kategorie gramatyczne a językowy obraz świata
Get PDFThe grammar of every language codes a body of meanings characteristic of that
language. Expression of the grammaticalised meanings is obligatory and largely automatic.
Individual languages contain grammatical categories specific to them and differ from one
another not only with regard to the number of those categories but also their type, the
internal structure of the categories they share (different numbers of subcategories) and
the nature of their specific categories (which can be of the selecting or modelling type).
These differences are exemplified in the study, the titular relationship being illustrated
with the category of gender. The following problems are in the focus of attention: 1. Is
there any relationship between concepts and the grammatical gender of the words that
express them? 2. In what way does the grammatical gender of words influence our view of
those aspects of reality that correspond to the words in question? 3. How can one explain
the similarities and differences with regard to gender between corresponding words in
various languages