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Slovak Nouns with the Meaning of Short Duration in Genitive Constructions: on the Specifics of their Compatibility
Get PDFThe article explores the semantic differences between three Slovak substantives expressing a short duration: chvíľa, okamih, and minúta. The study was conducted using the material of the Slovak national corpus and is based on the analysis of collocations of the lexemes in question. The statistical parameters that were used are the data on absolute frequency and the indicators of the measure of association (t-score). We have analyzed the potential factors that could restrict the compatibility of the nouns chosen inside a genitive construction, as well as possible contextual differences in situations where restrictions on the compatibility are absent. Genitive constructions can have two possible meanings: partitive (part/whole relation) or temporal proper. In the first case, minúta differs from chvíľa and okamih in that it has a specific target content. In the second case, each of the substantives is characterized by its basic compatibility area: for chvíľa, it is combination with nouns denoting a period or a break not limited by a strictly initial or final phase; for okamih, combination with actions denoting a start or an appearance; for minúta, central role is given to genitive constructions with fixed final phase substantives. In combination with život and smrť substantives, contexts with chvíľa focus on describing the situation directly from the position of the subject of perception, whereas contexts with okamih usually have it viewed by an outside observer.
Thus, Slovak substantives of short duration form a system that is fundamentally different from the one used in the Russian language. In the Slovak system, personal time is opposed to social, and then the personal time is divided into irrational (chvíľa) and rational (okamih) time
ВИЯВИ СЕМАНТИКИ ГРАНИЧНОСТІ В ОДИНИЦЯХ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЧНОГО РІВНЯ
Get PDFPeople knows the world and changes it, constantly comparing and grading phenomena, signs, processes according to different criteria. The value of the gradation for a person is reflected in the language itself and in the models of its study. Every person aspires to certain certainty. Every has its own limitations. Gradation is in this arrangement of parts of the statement (words, parts of the sentence), in which each subsequent contains an increase (or weakening) of semantic or emotional-expressive meaning. Phraseologisms (idioms) are specific linguistic formulas, pictures of the world with coded information about the past, our ancestors, their way of perceiving the world and evaluating everything; they accumulate the cultural potencies of the people, only in his own way manifest the spirit and uniqueness of the mentality of the nation. By studying the gradation, we draw attention to such concepts as graduality, gradation relations, calibration, graduation scale, norm, gradual vocabulary. The term graduality is associated with the execution of the gradation function and indicates the practical expression of the gradation. Hence, the gradation has a larger meaning than graduality
LINGUISTICS TODAY: FROM INTERDISCIPLINARINESS TO TRANSDISCIPLINARINESS (The 3d Annual Firsova Readings. Moscow, Russia, 14—15 November 2017)
Get PDFA report from The 3d Annual Firsova Readings. Moscow, Russia, 14—15 November 201
Anna Wierzbicka’s Linguocultural Theory of Emotions in the Development Dynamics
Get PDFThe article overviews the most significant aspects of the linguocultural theory of emotions developed by Anna Wierzbicka. The scientist’s outlook on emotions in the context of language and culture is discussed in its dynamic consistency, starting with the 70-s of the XX century up to the present. The voluminous set of Anna Wierzbicka’s published works on emotions demonstrates the universal and explanatory power of her research method and the systematic character of her linguocultural, semantic and pragmalinguistic studies. The article overviews the vastness and diversity of the issues analysed by the linguist, among which are the emotive semantics of the word, emotional pragmatics of speech, emotional concepts as cultural key words, emotional means of their verbalization in different languages, translation issues, ways of describing emotional scenarios, working out the metalanguage of semantic analysis by using the emotional operator “to feel”, etc. The article does not aim to provide a critical analysis of Anna Wierzbicka’s theory; its unprecedented novelty and topicality as well as the linguist’s innovative method of research, unbelievable hard work, honesty and correctness in defending her scientific views are emphasised
Rytm, metrum, rym. O tłumaczeniu wierszy: James W. Underhill, Voice and Versification in Translating Poems, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2016, xiii, 333 s.
Get PDFA review of James W. Underhill, Voice and Versification in Translating Poems, Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 2016, xiii, 333 s
Lubelska etnolingwistyka kognitywna a anglojęzyczna lingwistyka kulturowa. Wybrane problemy
Get PDFBasic sources of inspiration in the emergence of Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics (LCE) include: research on the language of folklore (directly inspired by Maria Renata Mayenowa, indirectly by Roman Jakobson and Piotr Bogatyryev), Russian ethnolinguistics (Nikita Tolstoy) and semiotics (Vyacheslav Ivanow and Vladimir Toporov), 18th- and 19th-c. German thought (Johann Herder, Wilhelm von Humboldt), the American idea, largely deriving from the German context, of linguistic relativity (Franz Boas, Edward Sapir, Benjamin Whorf), plus a major role that has been played by the work of Bronislaw Malinowski and, especially, Anna Wierzbicka. Inspirations from cognitive linguistics have enriched Lublin ethnolinguistics with the cognitive dimension. After several decades of its existence, LCE may plausibly be compared with cultural linguistics as it is practised by authors writing in English, especially with a characteristic model within that tradition known as Cultural Linguistics (capitalised), associated with the names of Gary Palmer or the model’s main advocate, Farzad Sharifian. It is also instructive to consider, in this context, specific issues and challenges that LCE must face, as has been pointed out by Western scholars (not necessarily working under the rubric of Cultural Linguistics). Two such problems are discussed here: the role of translation in the reconstruction of linguistic worldview (raised by James Underhill) and the notion of linguistic worldview as such, as it is understood in LCE and Cultural Linguistics
O burzeniu informacyjnej wieży Babel: słowa kluczowe w ofensywie?
Get PDFOn the demolition of the informational Tower of Babel:
Keywords attacking?
Abstract
This article briefly outlines basic terminological issues associated with the keyword
language and presents the results of a comparative study on the use of keywords in Google
search engine by humanities and technical students. A survey conducted among the students
of selected faculties in 2015 revealed that the patterns of keyword use in Google among the two
groups under consideration display rather limited differences.
O burzeniu informacyjnej wieży Babel: słowa kluczowe
w ofensywie?
Abstrakt
Przedmiotem artykułu są słowa kluczowe. Zaprezentowano podstawowe problemy
terminologiczne dotyczące języka słów kluczowych oraz wyniki badań porównawczych
używania słów kluczowych w wyszukiwarce Google przez studentów wybranych kierunków
studiów humanistycznych i technicznych. Materiał porównawczy stanowiły wyniki badań
ankietowych przeprowadzonych w 2015 roku na studentach wybranych kierunków studiów
używających słów kluczowych. Okazało się, że używanie słów kluczowych w wyszukiwarce
Google przez badane grupy studentów różni się tylko nieznacznie
Elfriede Jelinek’s Die Kinder der Toten (The Children of the Dead) entrapped by book marketing Cognitive and pragmatic facets of translation
Get PDFThis article attempts to answer the question: why the Polish translation of a novel by Elfriede Jelinek The Children of the Dead (Die Kinder der Toten) did not stir any debate in the circles of literary criticism in Poland. While analysing the actions carried out as a part of the W.A.B.’s (a Warsaw-based publishing house) strategy to advance the publication process and to popularize Jelinek’s oeuvre, we may notice that they actually confirm the publisher’s endeavour to balance economic and symbolic capital (Bourdieu). It allows us to reconstruct the “marketing” aims of the translation in question. Yet both the cognitive and pragmatic facet of the Austrian Nobel Laureate’s Polish translation remain to be reconstructed by the readers
O najstarszych polskich przekładach literatury słowackiej
Get PDFBased on J. Jarniewicz’s concept of two types of translator’s attitude: legislator and ambassador, the article concentrates on the reasons behind the oldest Polish translations of Slovak literature: a folk song, part of J. Rostworowski’s novel Zamek na Czorsztynie, a novel by J. Kalinčiak Reštavrácia translated by P. Stalmach and a drama Matka by J. Gregor Tajovský translated by F. Gwiżdż, showing the circumstances of their appearance and the attitudes of their translators
Hyacinth Karpinsky’s translation of the “Tractatus de Processione Spiritus Sancti” by Adam Zernikaw
Get PDFThe anti-catholic Tractatus de Processione Spiritus Sancti by Adam Zernikaw was created in the late 17th century in Latin and was significant for interconfessional polemic between the Orthodox and the Catholic Church in the Russian Empire over the next centuries. In this paper we systematize information about the history of the tractate in Russia, including its significance for the Tractatus de Processione Spiritus Sancti by Theophan Prokopovich. Russian translations of Adam Zernikaw’s Tractatus are also considered. The earliest Russian translation was done in Kiev in the late 18th century by Hieronym Koptsevich into late Church Slavonic. In 1795, the Ober-Procurator Aleksei Musin-Pushkin commissioned Hyacinth Karpinsky to do another translation, this time into Russian, but the translator had died before the translation was finished. After that, the Synod ordered the members of the Moscow Ecclesiastical Censorship committee to finish it, but it became impossible due to Adam Zernikaw’s original Latin text getting mixed up with the Theophan Prokopovich’s work by the same name. Eventually, the first Russian publication of Tractatus de Processione Spiritus Sancti by Adam Zernikaw happened in 1902.
Using different manuscripts of Hyacinth Karpinsky’s Russian translation, we analyze the language edits made by the translator and make suggestions on specifics of the development of a style of Russian-language religious literature in late 18th – early 19th centuries