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Diversity of Names for Tver Inhabitants in the Local Press (Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries)
Get PDFThe paper deals with names with which the local press referred to Tver inhabitants as a whole at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21th centuries. The author analyzes the dynamic of their use from the 1990s, when the historical name Tver was restored, to the 2010s (studying statistical data for the use of these katoikonyms in Tver press, as well as some texts in local media which contain the local community’s reflections about the names for Tver inhabitants). The study reveals both preferences of different local media, and the influence of philological recommendations on the language of media. In 1990, when the city Tver was given back its original name, one of the local newspapers published an article by professor R. D. Kuznetsova (Tver State University), where the katoikonym tverityane pl. (tverityanin sing., tverityanka sing. f.) was declared to be the most appropriate due to its appearance in the historical period of forming “all-Russian national norms of language” and its usage in the Russian literature of the 19th century. This variant was not very characteristic for the local usage of the 20th century (unlike the others), but due to the linguistic recommendations it gained normative status and asserted itself in almost half of the local media. In the rest of the media other variants were used: tveritchi pl. (tverich sing., tverichanka sing. f.) or tverichane pl. (tverichanin sing., tverichanka sing. f.). The recommendations mentioned above also furthered the marginalization of the variant tveryaki pl. (tveryak sing., tveryachka sing. f.), which was almost wholly forced out from the local newspapers. The author considers the success of the intentional reactualization of the least popular onym to be caused by the long period (almost 60 years) when the city Tver carried the name of Kalinin, and any derivates from the name Tver were thus forced out to the periphery of usage
ВНУТРИСЕМЕЙНЫЕ ДИАЛОГИ О ПРОФЕССИИ: ЛИНГВОАКСИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of linguoaxiological analysis of two intra-family dialogues. Audio recordings of 60-minute duration were made in Ekaterinburg in 2018. Communicative partners: daughter – student of 18 years, mother – teacher of 44 years; daughter – student of 19 years, mother – cake baker of 42 years. The object of the analysis is the speech parties of the participants of the communicative interaction. The research purpose is to give orthologous, linguocommunicative, axiological characteristic of dialogues, to identify linguocultural type of personality according to live speech. During the orthological analysis of speech parties of daughters the tendency to use slang terms and expressional lexicon is found, unintentional violation of the codified language norms is recorded. In remarks of mother – cake baker certain features of the urban Urals vernacular are traced, which do not violate the general literary aspect of speech. Both mothers are particular in correctness of their daughters' speech and, taking the position of a communicative leader, regulate the content and phatic components of family communication. The article summarizes the features of intra-family cooperative communication: frankness, mutual orientation, the right to an independent point of view, the dozed use of categorical imperatives and the words of unrest. A special subject of linguoaxiological analysis is the development of a common for both dialogues strategical theme "the path to the profession", included in the mother's biographical time. Interpretation of the basic values nominations, axiological judgments, self-esteem statements allowed to characterize the signs of a linguocultural type of a working mother who chose a profession by vocation: love for the family and love for the profession, conceptual thinking, sense of responsibility, propensity for self-analysis, verification of alternative axiological choice, spiritual but not utilitarian value preferences
The Regression as the Basis of the Formation of the Innovative Meaning of Denominative Verb
Get PDFThe paper is devoted to the relevant problem of the vocabulary development in the Russian language. The regression as one of the most popular ways of innovative meaning formation within denominative verbs is characterized using the texts of modern mass media as a source of material. The study of verbs' semantics is based on the reconstruction and comparison of hierarchically organized semantic structures of generating and derived words. Two groups of verbs-innovations are revealed depending on the semantics of the generating noun. The set of semantic components and their status in the structure of generating noun and derivative verb is defined. We prove the importance of contextual qualifiers of the action at redistribution of components of the semantic structure of the derived verb, i.e. at actualization or neutralization of individual semes, resulting in the formation of new intra-structural relations. The mechanism of innovative meaning formation in regression is characterized. The generating noun nominates the result as a single process, the verb names disparate actions, returning the recipient to the action that motivated the appearance of the generating noun's meaning. The derived verb obtaining innovative meaning, which appears in the context as a result of regression, has the potential to enter the active vocabulary as a lexical-semantic variant. This is facilitated by the components of the meaning of the generating noun, on the basis of which the meaning of the innovation verb is formed
Семантические и стилистические свойства универбатов и субстантиватов в русском языке
Get PDFThe main attention in the article is given to the study of suffixal univerbation and substantivization in the Russian language. The first part of the article deals with the terms accepted in Russian linguistics in the connection with the study of the univerbation. An attempt has been made to explain the functional and stylistic differences between such derived words as piatietazska (the five-story building) and stolovaja (dining room), using data on the history of the Russian literary language. Substantivization is presented in Russian more widely than in other Slavic languages. Rules of analogy are important for substantivization
Суффиксальные универбаты и смежные с ними явления
Get PDFSuffixal univerbs are a core of the field of compressive word-formation types connected with summarisation of the phrase. They function against the background of word-formation homonyms and externally similar to them deverbatives from which they should be delimited. The univerbization interacts with the kvaziuniverbization in speech. The expansion of the circle of motivating phrases and formation of the new models with attitudinal meaning is characteristic of the development of the univerbization
Modern Linguistics through Post-Secular Perspective
Get PDFThe research is focused on the current state of interaction between language and religion in contemporary linguistics in the post-secular environment, when religious discourse becomes an integral part of the discursive polyphony inherent in the open space of communication. The review is centered around three main pillars: the “language of religion” from a sociolinguistic perspective; theolinguistics as a new integrative discipline; linguopersonology and lexicography. Each section contains an overview of works by modern linguists and outlines further research prospects
Глагольные показатели страха в русском языке (на материале художественной литературы)
Get PDFThe article analyses the proposals that describe and express the emotion of fear in Russian language. The verbal model of sentences with lexemes is considered: to be afraid, to be afraid, to panic, to be frightened, to be horrified. The material is selected from Russian fiction. We compare the language constructions that are used in the work of serious fiction (L. Ulitskaya Kazus Kukotsky) and in the popular popular literature (P. Dashkova Blood of the Unborn)
Princess Olga and the Byzantine Emperor: Evolution of the Storyline in Russian Historical Tradition of the Sixteenth Century
Get PDFThe article explores the evolution of the traditional account about the 10th –century events under the influence of new ideas about the role of Rus′/Russia in the world history
Нові фемінітиви в сучасних українських ЗМІ
Get PDFCurrently an active creating and using of new gender marking in job titles in Ukrainian electronic mass-media is a great example of language politics, focused on the spread of the lexic-semantic group of the gender marking in job titles. Gender marking in job titles in Ukrainian language is an important part of a representative lexic-semantic group „names of persons”. The goal of the article is to distinguish the suffix peculiarities of the new gender marking in job titles, which are commonly-used in contemporary mass-media under the circumstances of Ukrainian language words-forming system. Traditional Ukrainian suffixes -к/а, -иц/я, -ин/я are used to create new gender marking in job titles. The article shows that during the formation of new gender marking in job titles a significant expansion of formant -ин/я is noticed. This suffix is in it`s productivity in this word-group even ahead such a traditionally productive suffix in language gender marking in job titles as -к/а. In spite of the fact that among traditional gender marking in job titles there are 50 times more nominations with the suffix -к/а than nominations with the suffix -ин/я, there are a little bit more new gender marking in job titles formed with the formant -ин/я than with the formant -к/а among the new gender marking in job titles among those were considered. This undoubtedly states influential preferences of contemporary speakers to formant -ин/я during the process of making new gender marking in job titles. The stimulus of this expansion of the formant -ин/я are as semantic overtones (the association with traditional women`s nominations with such a suffix, which have „favourable” semantics) as the absence of combined and structural deprivations (compare a mandatory correlation of gender marking in job titles with the nouns ending in -ець). All the studied gender marking in job titles serve nominative, not expressive function and are not occasional ones, used to signify a specific text, but as the nominations of female sex. The exception is lexically-used formant -их/а, which is occasional one in the meaning of the woman of medium or elderly age, which doesn`t belong to a priviledged society
Indirect Communication in the Russian Speech Culture
Get PDFThe national specificity of the Russian indirect communication is analyzed according to Anna Wierzbicka’s linguocultural model in which the specific characteristics of language and speech are interpreted through cultural scenarios. Wierzbicka’s model was partially modified for the purposes of this study. Firstly, we suggest to use the opposition of personality ~ impersonality. Secondly, unlike A.Wierzbicka, we consider it appropriate to use the concept of indirect communication, defining it as a communicative-interpretive phenomenon (through additional interpretative efforts of the addressee of speech). Indirectness itself is defined as one of the types of indirect communication: the planned indirect communication. We analyze in detail the reasons for it to be a part of Russian communicative style (primarily indirect directive speech acts and manipulation), associating these reasons with the cultural scenarios and the оpposition of personality ~ impersonality. From this point of view, a number of actual processes in modern Russian speech are discussed, such as planned indirect communication and its: a different understanding of indirect communication as a means of increasing the politeness of statements by different generations, as well as the undesirability of excessive politeness in some situations and appeal to indirect communication in order to avoid it